Atemelia fusca Liu

Liu, Tengteng & Yan, Jiahe, 2017, Review of the Palearctic Atemelia Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea, Praydidae), with description of a new leafmining species, Zootaxa 4250 (4), pp. 327-336 : 328-331

Atemelia fusca Liu , sp. nov.

Figures 1 ¯3, 8, 10, 12, 12a, 12b, 14¯21

Type material. Holotype ♂, China: Shandong Province, Shanghe County, 37.309°N, 117.157°E, 20 m, leaf mine on Ulmus pumila , larva coll. 17.X.2015, emerged 27.III.2016 (indoors), leg. Jiahe Yan, registered no . SDNU _JN 151005. Paratypes. Shandong Province: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, other data same as holotype, genitalia slide no . LIU16006♀, registered nos. SDNU _JN 151006 ¯7; 2 ♂, emerged 25.III.2016, other data same as holotype, registered nos . SDNU _JN 151001 ¯2; 2 ♂, emerged 26.III.2016, other data same as holotype, genitalia slide nos . LIU16003, LIU16007, registered nos. SDNU _JN 151003 ¯4; 1 ♂, emerged 30.III.2016, other data same as holotype, registered no . SDNU _JN1510011; 1 ♂, emerged 4.IV.2016, other data same as holotype, registered no . SDNU _JN1510014 ( FBSC); 1 ♀, emerged 1.IV.2016, other data same as holotype, registered no . SDNU _JN 151013 ( FBSC); 7 ♂, 9 ♀, larvae coll. 30.VIII.2015, other data same as holotype, genitalia slide nos . LIU15010♀, LIU15011¯12♂, registered nos. SDNU_Ent151450, SDNU _ Ent 151483¯90 , SDNU _ Ent 151493¯99; Tianjin: 1 ♀, Mt. Baxian , 40°11ʹN, 117°32′E, Ji County, 300 m, larva coll. 23.VII.2015, emerged 31.VII.2015, leg. Tengteng Liu, registered no . SDNU_BXS 150707. Other material. 1 ♀, emerged 1.IV.2016 (indoors), other data as in holotype, wing slide no. LIU16008W, registered no. SDNU_JN 151012.

Diagnosis. The new species is mostly similar to A. torquatella , but it can be separated by the unicolorous forewing, the male genitalia with uncus having a semicircular sheet protruded medially, and the signum with the longest serrations shorter than half the width of the basal plate in the female genitalia. In A. torquatella , the forewing usually has pale creamy white spots, the uncus has a short digital process medially, and the signum has the longest serration almost as long as the width of the basal plate.

Description. Wingspan 9.5–10.5 mm ( Figs 2 ¯3). Head, thorax and tegula uniformly dark fuscous. Labial palpus fuscous, slightly longer than diameter of compound eye. Antenna dark fuscous, darker basally. Forewing dark fuscous, slightly paler than tegula. Hindwing grayish fuscous. Legs grayish white on inner surface, blackish gray on outer surface; tarsus of hindleg grayish white. Abdomen blackish gray dorsally, grayish white ventrally.

Venation ( Fig. 1 ). Similar to Prays Hübner, 1826 (Moriuti 1977) , but with R2 and R3 separated and nearly parallel at base in the forewing.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 8 ). Uncus blade-shaped, with a semicircular sheet protruded medially, blunt apically. Socius falcate, with one dentate seta on ventral apex, sometimes with another two or three similar but longer setae before apex ventrally. Tegumen digitally protruded posteromedially, with three or four long setae beside the protrusion basally; pedunculi with a falcate process. Valva wide on basal half, narrowed on distal half toward apex; distal part curved ventrally, with several scale-like setae; dorsal margin covered with spare setae; sacculus heavily sclerotized, a small protrusion near base, sparsely covered with setae. Saccus clavate, thickened apically. Phallus twice as long as saccus, curved at distal 2/5; cornuti spinulate, about 1/5 the length of phallus.

Female genitalia ( Figs 12, 12 a, b). Papillae anales subtrapezoidal, with pair of separate, ellipsoidal structures at the base; these structures evenly covered with micro-papillae. Posterior apophyses as long as papillae anales, anterior apophyses absent. Eighth tergum broadly and semicircularly concave on posterior margin, eighth sternum with posterior margin trapezoidally concave, anterior margin trapezoidally concave medially with ostium bursae placed therein. Ostium bursae medially incised posteriorly, connected with parallel-sided antrum. Ductus bursae uniformly thin on posterior half and widened on anterior half divided by opening of ductus seminalis. Corpus bursae oval, posterior half sclerotized, anterior half membranous; basal plate of signum almost round, covered with papilla-like denticles in disc, lateral and anterior margin having short serrations, with longest serration shorter than half width of basal plate, digital process from anterior margin medially.

Pregenital abdomen ( Fig. 10 ). In both sexes, two small sclerotized plates dorsal to and ventral to spiracle on second and third segments, one smaller plate dorsal to spiracle on fourth to seventh segments. Male with eighth tergum M-shaped on anterior margin, with posterior part protruded and concave medially on posterior margin; sternum concave on anterior margin medially, extended and joined tergum posterolaterally; coremata extending out of the body from between sixth and seventh segment.

DNA barcodes. The genetic distance estimated from mitochondrial COI genes between A. torquatella and A. fusca sp. nov. is 6.4% ( Fig. 22 ).Three DNA barcodes are available for A. fusca . Genbank accession numbers are KY484003 , KY474113 , and KY474114 , corresponding to vouchers SDNU_JN 151008, SDNU_JN 151009 and SDNU_JN 151010, respectively.

Distribution. China (Shandong, Tianjin).

Host plant. Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae) .

Biology ( Figs 14 ¯21). The larva of the new species is capable of changing mines, thus it is easy to be reared ex situ on a new leaf of the host plant. Most larvae begin to make white discoidal cocoons in the mines on late October for overwintering. In spring, larvae vacate the cocoons and pupate in loose webs attached mostly on upper side of leaves. Emergence of overwintering generation starts on early April outdoors at the type locality, and lasts up to late April, and most adults emerged in mid April. The mines with living larvae can be found from early May to early November. About four to five generations occur at the type locality.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin fuscus, indicating the unicolorous dark fuscous forewing.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Venation of Atemelia fusca sp. nov., female, slide no. LIU 16008 W.

FIGURES 2 ‾ 7. Adult of Atemelia spp. 2, A. fusca sp. nov., male, holotype, registered no. SDNU _ JN 151005; 3, A. fusca sp. nov., female, paratype, registered no. SDNU _ JN 151013; 4, A. torquatella, male, RMNH; 5, A. torquatella, female, RMNH; 6, A. torquatella, male, ZMUO; 7, A. torquatella, female, ZMUO. Scale bars = 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 22. Neighbor-joining analysis for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) of Palaearctic Atemelia, derived from seven samples among two species based upon Kimura 2 - parameter model.

FIGURES 8 – 9. Male genitalia of Atemelia spp. 8, A. fusca sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. LIU 16007; 9, A. torquatella, genitalia slide no. LIU 16002, RMNH. Solid arrow indicating uncus, hollow arrow indicating the process from uncus. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 12 – 13. Female genitalia of Atemelia spp. 12, A. fusca sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. LIU 16006, 12 a, signum, same individual, 12 b, line drawing of eighth abdominal segment outlining tergum by dashed line and sternum by solid line; 13, A. torquatella, genitalia slide no. LIU 16001, RMNH, 13 a, signum, same individual. Scale bars = 0.5 mm for 12 and 13, 0.1 mm for 12 a and 13 a.

FIGURES 10 – 11. Male pregenital abdomen of Atemelia spp. 10, A. fusca sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. LIU 16007; 11, A. torquatella, genitalia slide no. LIU 16002, RMNH. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 21. Host plant, larva, and pupa of A. fusca sp. nov. 14 ¯ 15, leaf mines with active larvae; 16, mature larva; 17, overwintering cocoons; 18, pupae clustered on upper surface of a leaf; 19, pupa in loose web cocoon; 20, pupa on dorsallateral view; 21, pupa on ventral-lateral view.