Iris lacustris Nutt., 2015

Crespo, Manuel B., Martínez-Azorín, Mario & Mavrodiev, Evgeny V., 2015, Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘ Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data, Phytotaxa 232 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

24. Lophiris (Tausch) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris sect. Lophiris Tausch, Hort. Canal. : without pagination (1823) [ Iris subg. Lophiris (Tausch) C.A.Wilson , Taxon 60: 33 (2011); Neubeckia Alef., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 297 (1863) pro parte minore]. Type (lectotype designated by Rodionenko 1961: 195):— L. cristata (Sol. ex W.Aiton) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev [≡ Iris cristata Sol. ex W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 70 (1789)]

Description:—Rhizomatous herbs, with deciduous aerial structures. Rhizome slender, long, heterogeneous, with cord-like branches at apex, swollen at nodes, clothed with brown, scale-like leaves; roots fibrous or somewhat fleshy, sometimes arising from nodes. Stems aerial, simple, very short, solid, ± rounded in cross section. Leaves isobilateral, herbaceous, broadly linear to ensiform, subfalcate, without prominent ribs, not fetid; caulinar well-developed, equitant. Flowers 1–2, terminal, shortly pedicellate. Spathe valves 2, green-herbaceous at anthesis, ± keeled. Perigone in 2 rows, differing in size and shape, fused in a filiform tube, widened at the apex; falls erect-patent, widely obovate, slightly reflexed towards apex, emarginate, gradually tapering into a short claw, with central crest of 3 parallel fringed rows; standards patent to erecto-patent, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed into a canaliculate, short haft. Stamen filaments free, adnate to the fall bases. Ovary trilocular, with axile placentation. Style filiform, with 3 petaloid branches, about half longer than falls, each one concealing a stamen; crests short, incurved, broadly triangular; stigma oblong to triangular, entire. Capsule globose to oblong-ovoid, without prominent ribs, trigonous, with weakly ridged angles, dehiscing from apex to about middle, usually hidden into spathes, shortly beaked; pericarp subcoriaceous. Seeds numerous, globose to ovoid, arillate, with a long, coiled appendage wrapped around the seed, usually early withering; testa surface smooth. p = 7, 8. Figs. 5L , 6I , 25D .

It includes 2 species occurring in eastern North America (southern Appalachian and Ozark Mountains to the Great Lakes region) ( Fig. 26B ).

Needed new combinations:— Lophiris cristata (Sol. ex W.Aiton) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris cristata Sol. ex W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 70 (1789). Lophiris lacustris (Nutt.) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris lacustris Nutt. , Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 23 (1818).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches, sometimes with spathe bracts (cont.). A) Hermodactylus tuberosus (photo: Paul Tyerman); B) Syrianthus grant-duffii (photo: Gideon Pisanty); C) Xiphion xiphium (photo: Mario Martínez- Azorín); D) Xiphion heracleanum (photo: Alicia Vicente); E) Alatavia kolpakowskiana (photo: Joyce Fingerut); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima (photo: Mario Martínez-Azorín); G) Chamaeiris graminea (photo: José Quiles); H) Chamaeiris reichenbachiana (photo: José Quiles); I) Chamaeiris anguifuga (photo: Jim Murrain); J) Dielsiris longipetala (photo: Ken Walker); K) Rodionenkoa gracilipes (photo: Ken Walker); L) Lophiris cristata (photo: Ken Walker).

FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURE 25. Habit and floral details. A) Chamaeiris anguifuga (photo: Jim Murrain); B) Dielsiris missouriensis (Baker 1881: t. 6579); C) Rodionenkoa gracilipes (Hemsley 1903: t. 7926); D) Lophiris cristata (Small 1924: t. 320).

FIGURE 26. Approximate distribution areas: A) Rodionenkoa (red); B) Lophiris (yellow).