Cryptobasis Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.

Crespo, Manuel B., Martínez-Azorín, Mario & Mavrodiev, Evgeny V., 2015, Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘ Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data, Phytotaxa 232 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

16. Cryptobasis Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. , ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 331 (1937) [ Iris subsect. Tenuifoliae Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 501 (1930); Iris subg. Tenuifoliae (Diels) Doronkin, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(3): 412 (1990), p.p.]. Type (lectotype here designated):— C. tianschanica (Maxim.) Nevski [≡ I. tenuifolia var. tianschanica Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg , sér. 3, 26: 512 (1880)] = C. loczyi (Kanitz) Ikonn., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 302 (1972) [≡ Iris loczyi Kanitz, Növényt. Gyujtesek Eredm. Grof Szechenyi Bela Keletazsiai Utjabol : 58 (1891)]

Description:—Rhizomatous herbs, dense tufted, with persistent aerial structures. Rhizome usually slender, nearly vertical, nodose, woody, apically branched, clothed with long reddish-brown remains of leaf sheaths forming an apical neck-like structure; roots fibrous. Stems absent or very short, aerial, solid, almost hidden by leaf remains, simple, rounded. Leaves isobilateral, narrowly linear and sometimes rounded in cross section, usually somewhat twisted, coriaceous, with prominent ribs. Flowers terminal, pedicellate, solitary or in small clusters. Spathe valves 3–4, herbaceous with apex and margins scariose, usually inflated, keeled, sometimes transversely nerved due to the reduction of the inflorescence stalk). Perigone in 2 rows, differing in size and shape, fused in a long filiform cylindric tube, usually scapiform, ± widened at the apex; falls erect-patent to patent, subpanduriform to spatulate, reflexed in the upper part, tapering into a long narrow claw, smooth, papillate or evidently hairy; standards erect to erect-patent, narrow, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute to shallowly emarginate, shorter to about equalling the length of falls, long cuneate at base, tapering into a short haft. Stamen filaments free, adnate to the fall bases. Ovary trilocular, with axile placentation. Style filiform, with 3 petaloid branches, shorter to about equalling the length of falls, each one concealing a stamen; crests long, incurved, triangular-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, irregularly fringed on margins; stigma bilobed, with rounded lobes. Capsule ovoid to narrowly cylindric, usually with 6 prominent veins, dehiscing from apex to about middle, usually not hidden into spathes, shortly beaked; pericarp coriaceous. Seeds numerous, angulose to subcubic, without aril; testa hard, irregularly wrinkled on the lateral faces, almost smooth on the back. p = 7. Figs. 2L , 4L , 21C–D .

It includes at least 10 species, occurring in Crimea, SE European Russia, Kazakhstan, and central and southeastern Asia, the highest diversity being found from Afghanistan to Mongolia and eastern China ( Fig. 20B ).

Needed new combinations:— Cryptobasis bungei (Maxim.) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris bungei Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 26: 509 (1880). Cryptobasis cathayensis (Migo) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris cathayensis Migo, J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. Sect. 3, 4: 140 (1939). Cryptobasis farreri (Dykes) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris farreri Dykes, Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 57: 175 (1915) [ I. polysticta Diels, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 18: 428 (1924)]. Cryptobasis kobayashii (Kitagawa) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris kobayashii Kitagawa, J. Jap. Bot. 9: 249 (1933). Cryptobasis qinghainica (Y.T.Zhao) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris qinghainica Y.T.Zhao, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 55 (1980). Cryptobasis regelii (Maxim. ex Regel) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris regelii Maxim. ex Regel, Trudy Imp. S. -Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 495 (1879). Cryptobasis ventricosa (Pall.) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris ventricosa Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 712 (1776).

A NEW GENERIC ARRANGEMENT OF IRIS SENSU LATISSIMO

Figures

FIGURE 2. External morphology of rootstock (bulbs, rhizomes and roots). A) Iridodictyum reticulatum, bulb with reticulate outer tunics (photo: Ken Walker); B) Xiphion heracleanum, bulb with membranous outer tunics and stem bulbil (photo: Manuel B. Crespo); C) Juno narbutii, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); D) Juno rosenbachiana, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); E) Limniris pseudacorus, rhizome with swollen annulate annual growths (photo: G.–U. Tolkiehn); F) Hermodactylus tuberosus, rhizome with pseudodigitate tubercles (photo: Attilio Marzorati); G) Junopsis barbatula, fleshy tuberous roots surrounding the inconspicuous central rhizome (photo: Ken Walker); H) Phaeiris hexagona, rhizome with fibrous remains of old leaves on scars, and fibrosus roots (photo: Ken Walker); I) Siphonostylis lazica, rhizome dichotomously branched and fibrous roots (photo: Ken Walker); J) Zhaoanthus odaesanensis, slender stoloniferous rhizomes with long, thin roots bearing nodules (photo: Christy Hensler); K) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, heterogeneous rhizome with cord-like branches (photo: Ken Walker); L) Cryptobasis bungei, short rizhomes with reddish-brown remains of leaf sheaths forming an apical neck-like structure (MO s.n.).

FIGURE 4. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches, sometimes with spathe bracts (cont.). A) Limniris sibirica (photo: Frank Hoehnel); B) Limniris chrysographes (photo: Ken Walker); C) Limniris sanguinea (photo: Andrej Baryshenko); D) Eremiris lactea (photo: Andrey Korzun); E) Sclerosiphon songaricum (photo: Vladimir Kolobincev); F) Joniris brevituba (photo: Georgy Lazkov); G) Phaeiris giganticaerulea (photo: Rodney Barton); H) Zhaoanthus henryi (photo: Ken Walker); I) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (photo: Dennis Kramb); J) Iridodictyum reticulatum (photo: Sean Zera); K) Iridodictyum danfordiae (photo: Peter Bohnert); L) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Yuriy Danilevsky).

FIGURE 20. Approximate distribution areas: A) Joniris (yellow); B) Cryptobasis (red); C) Syrianthus (green).

FIGURE 21. Habit and floral details. A) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (Hooker 1910: t. 8293); B) Iridodictyum bakerianum (Foster 1889: t. 7084); C) Cryptobasis loczyi (photo: Georgy Lazkov); D) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Elena Rahimova); E) Hermodactylus tuberosus (Syme 1869: t. 1496).