Gattenhofia Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.

Crespo, Manuel B., Martínez-Azorín, Mario & Mavrodiev, Evgeny V., 2015, Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the ‘ Iris sensu latissimo’ clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data, Phytotaxa 232 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

4. Gattenhofia Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod. -Palat. 6: 418 (1790) [ Iris subsect. Vernae Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 502 (1930); Iris ser. Vernae (Diels) G.H.M.Lawr., Gentes Herb. 8:

52 • Phytotaxa 232 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

CRESPO ET AL.

363 (1953)]. Type (holotype):— G. verna (L.) Medik. [≡ I. verna L., Sp. Pl.: 39 (1753); Neubeckia verna (L.) Small, Man. S.E. Fl.: 330 (1933)]

Description:—Rhizomatous herbs, with deciduous aerial parts. Rhizome heterogeneous, with cord-like branches, usually torulose and slender, sometimes with long lateral branches, densely covered with brown scale-like leaves; roots absent or borne along the entire rhizome, long, fibrous. Stems short, hidden into spathes, simple, solid, ± rounded in cross section. Leaves isobilateral, ensiform, without prominent ribs, ± glaucous, equitant, not fetid; caulinar numerous, light green, sheathing, imbricate, membranous. Flowers 1–2, terminal, long pedicellate. Spathe valves 2, herbaceous at anthesis, acute, keeled. Perigone in 2 rows, similar in shape and size, fused in a long, filiform tube, expanded distally; falls erect, broadly obovate-cuneate, subacute, ± patent towards apex, gradually tapering into claw, minutely but conspicuously hairy along the central yellow band, giving a velvety (or papillate) appearance; standards erect, obovate-cuneate, subacute, incurved at the apex, narrowed into a long haft. Stamen filaments free, adnate to the fall bases. Ovary trilocular, with axile placentation. Style filiform, with 3 petaloid branches, a little shorter than the length of falls, each one concealing a stamen, long connivent at the base, keeled; crests long, ± straight, triangular-lanceolate; stigma entire, rounded, with sinuate margin. Capsule oblong-ovate, trigonous, grooved on angles, with weak ribs, dehiscing from apex to about the apical third, reticulate-nervose, almost hidden into spathes, tapering into a short beak; pericarp ± papery. Seeds numerous, lustrous, with a fleshy raphe; testa surface longitudinally ribbed. p = 7. Figs. 3B , 6C , 7B .

It includes 1 species, occurring in southeastern North America (Appalachian Mountains, from Pennsylvania to Georgia, and Ozark Mountains in Oklahoma and Missouri, USA) ( Fig. 8B ) .

Needed new combination: — Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana (Fernald ex M.E.Edwards) M.B.Crespo, Mart. -Azorín & Mavrodiev, comb. nov. Basionym: Iris verna var. smalliana Fernald ex M.E.Edwards, Rhodora 71: 213 (1969)

Figures

FIGURE 3. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches in most cases, sometimes with spathe bracts. A) Siphonostylis lazica (photo: Ken Walker); B) Gattenhofia verna (photo: Jim McCormac); C) Pardanthopsis dichotoma (photo: Christy Hensler); D) Belamcanda chinensis, with all tepals subequal and also with fruits (photo: Tom Murphy); E) Iris germanica (photo: Ken Walker); F) Iris acutiloba (photo: Aleksandr Ivanov); G) Iris tigridia (photo: Vladimir Y. Arkhipov); H) Iris bloudowii (photo: Vesa Muurinen); I) Juno planifolia (photo: Mario Martínez-Azorín); J) Evansia japonica (photo: Ken Walker); K) Tectiris tectorum (photo: Ken Walker); L) Junopsis decora (photo: Ken Walker).

FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.

FIGURE 7. Habit and floral details. A) Siphonostylis cretensis (Baker 1878: t. 6343); B) Gattenhofia verna (Small 1931: t. 520); C) Pardanthopsis dichotoma (Baker 1879: t. 6428); D) Belamcanda chinensis (Curtis 1791: t. 171).

FIGURE 8. Approximate distribution areas: A) Siphonostylis (yellow); B) Gattenhofia (red).