Xenophyllum poposa (Phil.) V.A.Funk, Novon 7(3): 240. 1997 [ "poposum" ].

Calvo, Joel & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae), PhytoKeys 158, pp. 1-106 : 1

13. Xenophyllum poposa (Phil.) V.A.Funk, Novon 7(3): 240. 1997 [ "poposum"].

Werneria poposa Phil., Anales Mus. Nac., Santiago de Chile 8: 40. 1891. Type. Chile. Antofagasta: Copacoya, 18 Feb 1885, F. Philippi s.n. (lectotype: Philippi’s collection at SGO as the first-step lectotype, designated as “holotype” by Funk (1997a: 240); SGO-000006433! as the second-step lectotype, designated here; isolectotypes: LP-002609 (digital image!), SGO-000006434!).

Werneria lorentziana Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(3): 364. 1895 [ “Lorentziana”]. Syntypes. Chile/Peru. ["prope Tacora, 4200 m, Oct 1876, A. Stübel 107 " according to the ind. loc.] (B, destroyed); Bolivia. Oruro: ["prope Tomarapi, 4200-4400 m, Oct 1876, A. Stübel 117 " according to the ind. loc.] (B, destroyed). Neotype, designated as “lectotype” by Freire and Ariza-Espinar (2014: 227): Argentina. Salta: alrededores del Nevado del Castillo, 19/23 Mar 1873, P.G. Lorentz & G. Hieronymus 117 (CORD-00005637 (digital image!); isoneotype: GOET s.n.!).

Werneria humilis Griseb. ex Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21(3): 364. 1895, nom. inval. pro syn. ( Turland et al. 2018, ICN Art. 36.1).

Werneria incisa var. pubescens Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70: 290. 1939. Xenophyllum incisum var. pubescens (Rockh.) Cabrera & S.E.Freire, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 1245. 1999. Type. Argentina. La Rioja: Sierra Famatina, laguna Moradita, 13 Mar 1907, F. Kurtz 14632 (lectotype: CORD-00005636 (digital image!), designated as “isotype” by Cabrera and Freire (1999: 1245)), syn. nov.

Description.

Suffruticose plant, forming clumps of erect stems (rarely dense mats). Rhizomes 4-10 × 0.3-0.7 cm, horizontal to oblique, glabrescent. Stems 2-15 cm tall, simple or branched, arachnoid, usually with functional green leaves restricted to the upper part. Leaves imbricate, extending into a sheath-like base that bears arachnoid trichomes; leaf laminas 2.5-7.1 × 0.5-1.1 mm, linear, rounded to truncate or 2 to 3-notched at the apex (usually white callous-tipped), entire, rather terete in cross section, glabrous, unconspicuously nerved on both faces, fleshy, matte; leaf lobes (when present) 0.6-1.5 × 0.3-0.4 mm, rounded to truncate, usually white callous-tipped. Capitula radiate, erect, sessile. Involucres (3.3-)5.6-8 × (2.7-)3-5.3 mm, narrowly cupuliform; involucral bracts 8 to 9, (1.1-)1.6-3.9 × 0.7-2.1 mm, acute to obtuse at the apex, greenish to partially dark-purplish. Ray florets 8 to 11; corollas 3.6-8.9 × 0.5-1.2 mm, 4-veined (sometimes unconspicuous), subentire to 3-toothed at the apex, conspicuously surpassing the involucre, white. Disc florets 7 to 18; corollas 3.2-5.9 mm long, whitish to creamy (rarely purplish); style branches truncate with a crown of sweeping trichomes, purplish. Achenes 2.8-2.9 × 0.7-0.8 mm, cylindrical, ca. 7-ribbed, glabrous; pappus (2.3-)4.1-5 mm long, barbellate, whitish to partially rose-colored. Figs 18 , 19B .

Additional iconography.

Cabrera (1978: 473, fig. 200I, J, sub Werneria poposa ); Freire and Ariza-Espinar (2014: 227, sub X. incisum var. pubescens A-H, 228, X. poposa A-G); Beltrán (2016: 358, fig. 2D, as photo, 359, fig. 3E, sub X. incisum , as photo).

Distribution and habitat.

Central Peru to northwestern Argentina. Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Tucumán), Bolivia (Oruro, Potosí), Chile (Antofagasta, Arica-Parinacota, Tarapacá [expected]), Peru (Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cusco, Junín, Lima, Moquegua, Puno [expected], Tacna). It grows in rocky outcrops, grasslands, exposed slopes, and flat sandy pampas of the subhumid, dry, and desertic puna ecoregions, between elevations of (2600-)3000-5200 m (Fig. 20 ).

Phenology.

Flowering nearly all year round.

Etymology.

The epithet poposa is the vernacular name of this plant as Philippi (1891) stated in the protologue "ubi Poposa vocabatur" [called poposa]. He also added "infusum plantae contra dolores colicos propinant" [for relieving stomach cramps and colic] referring to its medicinal properties. It is important to underline that poposa is a noun in apposition not to be declined. The correct epithet is, therefore, poposa instead of the widely misapplied poposum ( Funk 1997a; Freire and Ariza-Espinar 2014; Beltrán 2016).

Notes.

Xenophyllum poposa forms clumps of erect stems (rarely dense mats) characterized by having arachnoid indumentum. When the stems are very short and barely protrude from the soil, then, it tends to develop a mat-forming habit. The leaves are rather terete with the sheath-like base weakly broadened at the base. The leaf apex is usually undivided, rounded to truncate, and callous-tipped, however, plants having 2 to 3-notched apex are also found. It has 8 to 9 involucral bracts, 8 to 11 ray florets (with white corollas surpassing the involucre), 7 to 18 disc florets, and glabrous achenes. It is noteworthy that we observed a few ray florets with staminodes (Fig. 18G ).

The type material of this species shows plants with clearly truncate and callous-tipped leaf apex, which probably led Rockhausen (1939) to relate a collection displaying notched leaf apex to X. incisum and describe it as Werneria incisa var. pubescens Rockh. He differentiated the new variety from the typical one by the longer leaves and the pubescent-lanate sheath-like bases. A detailed study of the lectotype (CORD-00005636) reveals that the stem bears arachnoid indumentum and that the sheath-like bases are not conspicuously broadened. These characters are distinctive of X. poposa rather than X. incisum . Moreover, this latter species is restricted to the edges of salt lagoon edges and desert plains with a certain humidity. The type material of Rockhausen’s variety was collected in the upper part of the Famatina Range (La Rioja, Argentina), which better matches the habitat of X. poposa (exposed slopes). On this basis, and because we believe that the glabrousness is a diagnostic character of X. incisum , we do not follow Rochkausen’s treatment as previous botanists did ( Cabrera 1948; Freire and Ariza-Espinar 2014). Otherwise, we consider it appropriate to recognize W. incisa var. pubescens as part of the variability encompassed by X. poposa . Our decision is also supported by the fact that we studied further specimens corresponding to X. poposa that display notched leaf apex. These populations appear very scattered from southern Peru to northwestern Argentina, namely in Moquegua, Oruro, Potosí, Tucumán, Catamarca, and La Rioja. In Moquegua some specimens are strikingly tiny, barely protruding from the soil, and exhibit 2 to 3-notched leaf apex ( Beltrán 7736, USM; Funk et al. 13155, US, USM). Due to field work in this region we can state that these forms grow mixed with plants displaying undivided, rounded to truncate leaf apex. It also deserves to be underlined that the different leaf morphologies can even be found within the same individual. The specimen Funk et al. 13155 (US), for example, has undivided, 2-notched, and 3-notched leaves. In Potosí (Bolivia), we visited another population composed of midsize plants showing 3-notched leaves where each lobe can be, in turn, 2-notched (Calvo & Zárate 7869, BOLV, LPB; Cárdenas 362, US [see Fig. 19B ]). No individuals with undivided leaves were found there. On the other hand, the specimens from Famatina (La Rioja, Argentina) are quite robust plants having stems 11-13 cm long and 2 to 3-notched leaves. Based on the study of herbarium specimens, we also can conclude that the populations having notched leaf apex from Oruro, Tucumán, and Catamarca grow mixed with or close to the typical plants. All these examples demonstrate that a great intrapopulation and interpopulation variability exists in terms of both leaf apex and habit. Our efforts for trying to propose an infraspecific classification in pursuit of recognizing the distinct morphologies failed because of the intermediate forms and the lack of defined distribution patterns. Therefore, we believe that X. poposa should be treated as a highly variable species.

The distribution area of this species partially overlaps with that of X. incisum in the region comprised between Antofagasta (Chile), Potosí (Bolivia), Salta, and Jujuy (Argentina). However, they occur in different ecological niches as already mentioned above. The morphological differences between them are commented under X. incisum . Likewise, X. poposa might be confused with X. lorochaqui (see notes under it).

Regarding nomenclatural issues, it is noteworthy that Funk’s typification of the name Werneria poposa Phil. has been narrowed to a single specimen because two duplicates of the same gathering were found at SGO ( Turland et al. 2018, ICN Art. 9.17). The specimen SGO-000006433 has therefore been selected as the second-step lectotype because it is most complete and best preserved.

The original material of Werneria lorentziana Hieron. comprises the syntypes Stübel 107 and Stübel 117, both apparently destroyed. Rockhausen (1939) designated as “typus” the collection Stübel 117 but indicated the locality that in the protologue corresponds to the number Stübel 107. Since these specimens are not extant anymore and we did not find pictures of them at F, such mismatch cannot be elucidated. Later, Freire and Ariza-Espinar (2014) misguidedly designated as lectotype the specimen Lorentz & Hieronymus 117 (CORD). Although the collector number coincides with one of the syntypes, this element is not part of the original material and has to be treated as a neotype.

The typification of W. incisa var. pubescens should be attributed to Cabrera and Freire (1999) although they used the term “isotipo”. With this action the authors presumed that a duplicate was kept at B but the specimen probably was destroyed during the Second World War. On this basis, the term isotype is corrected to lectotype ( Turland et al. 2018, ICN Art. 9.10). Accordingly, the later lectotypification by Freire and Ariza-Espinar (2014) becomes superfluous.

Additional specimens examined.

Argentina. Catamarca: El Cajón, Negroara, 26°24'S, 66°22'W, 17 Jan 1914, L. Castillón 3360 (LE, LIL); Andalgalá, quebrada de los Cazadores, 27°21'S, 66°8'W, 23 Nov 1948, R. Filipòvich 61 (LIL); Ambato, sierra de Ambato (falda E), el crestón del cerro Manchado, en los alrededores de La Mancha, 28°14'S, 66°1'W, 28 Mar 1968, A.T. Hunziker & A.E. Cocucci 20019 (RB); Cerrillos, 1 Mar 1944, T. Meyer 8282 (LIL); Sierra de Ambato, Portezuelo de Joyango, 28°6'S, 66°2'W, 15 Feb 1910, L. Roger s.n. (LIL); Andalgalá, co. Pabellón (Aconquija), 27°13'S, 66°6'W, 19 Feb 1942, E. Rohmeder s.n. (LIL); Andalgalá, cerro Pabellón, 27°13'S, 66°6'W, 16 Feb 1942, E. Rohmeder s.n. (LIL); cerro Tesoro, 27°7'S, 66°3'W, 7 Sep 1950, F. Vervoorst 749 (LIL); Jujuy: Susques, cerro Tuzgle, 24°3'S, 66°29'W, 2 Mar 1944, A.L. Cabrera 8370 (CONC); Yavi, cerro Negro, 22°33'S, 65°33'W, 25 Feb 1940, T. Meyer 18476 (LIL); Tumbaya, Piedra Sonada, 24°21'S, 65°37'W, 19 Sep 1948, S.A. Pierotti 7508 (LIL); Yavi/Sta. Victoria, cerro Poposayo, cumbre, 22°15'S, 65°15'W, 1 Feb 1953, H. Sleumer 3684 (LIL); La Rioja: Famatina, Sierra de Famatina, mina La Mejicana, 29°0'S, 67°46'W, 27 Apr 1951, B. Sparre 8827 (LIL); Sierra de Famatina, 1 May 1903, T. Stuckert 13110 (LIL); Salta: abra el Acay, 24°26'S, 66°14'W, 20 Feb 2007, S. Cuello 154 (LIL); Rosario de Lerma, Piedra Sonada, 24°21'S, 65°37'W, 19 Sep 1948, S.A. Pierotti 7496 (LIL); Nevado del Cajón, 26°8'S, 66°13'W, 1 Mar 1914, D. Rodríguez 1383 (BA); Caldera, subida al Nevado del Castillo cerca de Tres Lagunas, 24°13'S, 65°51'W, 16 Mar 1952, H. Sleumer & F. Vervoorst 3015 (LIL); Tucumán: Tafí del Valle, cerro Alto de la Mina, cumbres Calchaquíes, 26°36'S, 65°43'W, 19 Feb 1990, H. Ayarde 369 (LIL); cerro de las Ánimas, 27°2'S, 65°57'W, 3 Jan 1914, L. Castillón 3302 (LIL); cerro Muñoz, 26°52'S, 65°50'W, Jan 1916, L. Castillón s.n. (BR [mixed with X. lorochaqui ]); ladera NE del Chimbería, circo del Cochuna, 27°14'S, 66°7'W, 26 Jul 1984, A. Grau s.n. (LIL); Tafí, cerro de las Ánimas, 27°2'S, 65°57'W, Dec 1914, M. Lillo s.n. (LIL); Tafí, Calchaquíes, morro de la Mina, 26°36'S, 65°43'W, 9 Mar 1952, B. Sparre 9734 (LIL); Chicligasta, estancia Las Pavas-Sierras Altas, 27°8'S, 66°1'W, 12 Mar 1924, S. Venturi 2964 (CONC, LIL, US); Chicligasta, cumbre alta del Pueblo Viejo, 15 Dec 1925, S. Venturi 4643 (LIL); Tafí, sierra del Cajón, Los Chuscos, 7 Feb 1926, S. Venturi 6646 (US). Bolivia. Oruro: Sajama, cerro Jasasuni, 18°9'S, 68°52'W, 27 Mar 2005, S.G. Beck 31142 (LPB); Sajama, S side of nev. Sajama just below snowline on E side of río Sururia, N walk up from 4300 m where rd. circles nev., 18°8'S, 68°53'W, 19 Apr 1995, V.A. Funk 11351 (LPB, US); Sebastián Pagador, valley above and E of pueblo of Condo, S of Challapata and E of Huari, 19°0'S, 66°40'W, 21 Apr 1995, V.A. Funk & M. Estárez 11360 (LPB); Eduardo Abaroa, Challapata, localidad Livichuco, camino a cerro Toro, arriba de la laguna K’asiri, 18°57'S, 66°24'W, 29 Feb 2016, I. Jiménez et al. 7981 (LPB, USM); Eduardo Abaroa, Challapata, localidad Livichuco, camino a cerro Toro, arriba de la laguna K’asiri, 18°57'S, 66°24'W, 29 Feb 2016, I. Jiménez et al. 7989 (LPB); Eduardo Abaroa, Azanaque, 18°56'S, 66°42'W, 3 Mar 2016, I. Jiménez & R. Villegas 8127 (LPB); Sajama, Turco, 18°11'S, 68°12'W, 1993, J. Mallea 22 (LPB); altiplano central, commune de Condo, 19°2'S, 66°44'W, 7 Apr 1989, L. Naessany 15 (LPB, US); Cruce Culta, 19°2'S, 66°15'W, 23 Feb 2016, F. Zenteno 16550 (USM); Avaroa, Livichuco, K’asiri, en línea recta a 6.93 km al SSE, Ayllu Qaqachaqa, 18°56'S, 66°24'W, 29 Feb 2016, F. Zenteno et al. 16836 (USM); Potosí: cordillera Kari Kari, aprox. 3.3 km arriba de la laguna San Sebastián, 19°36'S, 65°41'W, 13 Feb 2019, J. Calvo & M. Zárate 7869 (BOLV, LPB); cerro of Potosí, Mar 1933, M. Cárdenas 362 (US); Antonio Quijarro, Vilacollo, loma cerca al lago K’asilla, 22 Dec 2005, S. Condo Klaus 15 (LPB); prov. Quijarro, Yura, 20°2'S, 66°10'W, Apr 1973, E.T. de Sahonero s.n. (US); Sud Lípez, cerro Tapaquillcha, 21°31'S, 67°53'W, 11 Apr 1980, M. Liberman 152 (LPB); José M. Linares Lizarazu, comunidad Alkatuyo, cerro Ichurata, 53 km SE de Potosí, 17.3 km al N de la escuela de Alkatuyo, 19°53'S, 65°33'W, 20 May 1993, F. Marino 183 (LPB); Sud Lípez, Tapaquillcha, 21°31'S, 67°53'W, 2 Oct 2001, B.J. Ruthsatz 10570 (LPB); SE de Uyuni, 5 May 1993, M. Sauvain 828 (LPB); Tomás Frías, serranía Kari-Kari, alrededores de lagunas de Kari-Kari, 19°36'S, 65°41'W, 28 Feb 2006, M. Zárate 2212 (BOLV). Chile. Antofagasta: El Loa, quebrada del Inca, cerro Aucanquilcha, 21°14'S, 68°28'W, 2 Apr 1985, M. Arroyo 85-595 (CONC); El Loa, camino a portezuelo del Cajón, cerro Toco, ladera N, 22°55'S, 67°46'W, 3 Apr 1997, M. Arroyo, L. Cavieres & A. Humaña 97022 (CONC); El Loa, sector géiser del Tatio, hacia al E, casi en el límite con Bolivia, 22°20'S, 67°59'W, 19 May 1997, M. Baeza, P. Aqueveque & G. Kottirsch 588 (CONC); Chiu Chiu, Inacaliri, cerros de Colana, 21°56'S, 68°7'W, 15 May 2018, J. Calvo 7731 (CONC, SGO); Loa, Toconao, cordón S de los cerros de La Pacana, 23°9'S, 67°26'W, 4 Mar 2019, J. Calvo 7909 (SGO); Ollagüe, volcán Aucanquilcha, ladera NE, cerca del campamento Aucanquilcha, 21°11'S, 68°26'W, 23 Apr 2019, J. Calvo & A. Moreira-Muñoz 7935 (SGO); El Loa, Toconce, 22°15'S, 68°10'W, Apr 1993, L. Loyola 93-4 (CONC); Arica-Parinacota: Parinacota, cerro Guane Guane, 18°10'S, 69°15'W, 18 Apr 1980, M. Arroyo, C. Villagrán & J. Moreno 2622 (CONC); Parinacota, cerro Choquelimpie, 18°16'S, 69°13'W, 19 Apr 1984, M. Arroyo 84-913 (CONC); Parinacota, Guane Guane, 18°10'S, 69°15'W, 7 Apr 1988, E. Belmonte 88090 (CONC); bajando desde Portezuelo Taapacá hacia Putre, en el límite comunal, 18°6'S, 69°32'W, 20 Oct 2012, A. Moreira-Muñoz et al. 2038 (SGO); Las Cuevas, Chaku Vilañuñumani, 18°11'S, 69°26'W, 20 Mar 2015, A. Moreira-Muñoz & F. Luebert 2469 (SGO); Las Cuevas, antes del Chaku, 18°11'S, 69°25'W, 20 Mar 2015, A. Moreira-Muñoz & F. Luebert 2471 (SGO); arriba de Las Cuevas, cerro Milagro, 18°13'S, 69°27'W, 19 Jun 2015, A. Moreira-Muñoz 2500 (SGO); Aguas Calientes, Tacora, 17°43'S, 69°49'W, 17 Sep 1955, M. Ricardi 3370 (CONC). Peru. Arequipa: Castilla, Orcopampa, minas de Poracota, alrededor de laguna Tintarcocha, 15°12'S, 72°32'W, 20 Apr 2011, H. Beltrán 7102 (USM); La Unión, Cotahuasi, 15°14'S, 72°52'W, 30 Jun 2002, F. Cáceres 2807 (HUSA, USM); Caylloma, 15°38'S, 71°35'W, 19 Mar 2006, F. Cáceres 5508 (HUSA); dist. Chiguata, 16°24'S, 71°22'W, 29 Jun 2006, F. Cáceres 5732 (HUSA); Chiguata, faldas del nevado Pichu Pichu, 16°23'S, 71°17'W, 25 Apr 2004, V. Quipuscoa et al. 2947 (HSP); Castilla, Tapay, cerro Blanco, Apacheta, 17 Sep 2011, N. Vega 1785 (USM); Ayacucho: Coracora, Parinacochas, Alqaywacho, Hurayhuma, 14°38'S, 73°36'W, 13 May 2000, F. Pietrellini 193 (USM); Cusco: Espinar, hda. Kachcachi (Uchupata), 14°52'S, 71°20'W, 22 Jun 1956, C. Vargas 11222 (CUZ, LPB, US); Junín: cordilleras entre Huancayo y Yauyos, 12°11'S, 75°38'W, [without date], A. Weberbauer s.n. (MOL); Lima: Huarochirí, Huachupampa, 11°43'S, 76°33'W, 28 Aug 1993, J. Albán & G. Yarupaitán 8094 (USM); Yauyos, Laraos, camino Jalcacha a Palca, 12°20'S, 75°43'W, 25 May 1995, H. Beltrán 1715 (USM); Yauyos, Laraos, camino de Jalcacha a Palca, 12°24'S, 75°45'W, 4 Nov 1992, H. Beltrán 414 (USM); Huarochirí, Huillpa, 11°51'S, 76°21'W, [without date], I. Espinoza 70 (USM); Huarochirí, San Damián, Chanape, 11°53'S, 76°15'W, 5 Jul 2013, P. Gonzáles & B. Brito 2642 (USM); Huarochirí, San Pedro de Casta, 11°45'S, 76°35'W, Dec 1982, A. Holzapfel 17 (USM); Auquimarca, 10°24'S, 76°59'W, Jan 1949, A. Peraldo 3794 (LIL); Canta, Mishquipuquio, cerca a Canta, 11°34'S, 76°33'W, Aug 1949, S. Sánchez 36 (USM); Canta, Lachaqui, Cieneguilla por el camino a Tararhua, 22 Jul 2001, G. Vilcapoma 5540 (USM); Canta, Huascoy, 11°17'S, 76°45'W, 27 Oct 1974, P. Waechter s.n. (USM); Huarochirí, San Juan de Iris, 11°41'S, 76°31'W, 18 Aug 1993, G. Yarupaitán & J. Albán 1065 (USM); Huarochirí, Huachupampa, lugar conocido como Armas, 11°43'S, 76°33'W, 4 Jul 1993, G. Yarupaitán & J. Albán 954 (USM); Moquegua: Mariscal Nieto, Carumas, cerca a un acueducto, 16°50'S, 70°31'W, 15 Jun 2013, H. Beltrán 7736 (USM); across the carretera-binacional from laguna Suches, 9 km to the W from the turn off to laguna Suches, 16°53'S, 70°26'W, 12 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13147 (US, USM); across the carretera-binacional from laguna Suches, 9 km to the W from the turn off to laguna Suches, 16°53'S, 70°26'W, 12 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13148 (US, USM); across the carretera-binacional from laguna Suches, 9 km to the W from the turn off to laguna Suches, 16°53'S, 70°26'W, 12 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13149 (USM); across the carretera-binacional from laguna Suches, 10 km to the W from the turn off to laguna Suches, 16°53'S, 70°26'W, 12 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13150 (US); across the carretera-binacional from laguna Suches, 10 km to the W from the turn off to laguna Suches, 16°53'S, 70°26'W, 12 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13151 (US); area between the carretera-binacional and the interoceanica sur, on unpaved road that connects the two main roads and borders a large bofedal, 16°50'S, 70°32'W, 12 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13155 (US, USM); near unpaved road in mining concession, 16°39'S, 70°1'W, 15 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13167 (US, USM); above unpaved mining road that is high above the valley [pr. Paripiña, according to coordinates], 16°38'S, 70°1'W, 15 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13168 (USM); General Sánchez Cerro, Ubinas, cumbre nevada del cerro Pirhuani Querala, 16°9'S, 70°43'W, 7 Apr 2011, D. Montesinos 3098 (HSP, USM); General Sánchez Cerro, Yunga, Choco-Choco, 16°15'S, 70°37'W, 11 Sep 2012, D. Montesinos 3933 (USM); General Sánchez Cerro, Ubinas, Chaclaya, parte baja del cerro Chaclaya, 16°10'S, 70°53'W, 14 Sep 2005, D. Montesinos 549 (USM); Mariscal Nieto, Calacoa, faldas Ticsani, SE, 16°44'S, 70°35'W, 4 Mar 2018, D. Montesinos & J. Calvo 6004 (HSP); Tacna: Tarata, Poma, carretera Tarata-Puno, 17°25'S, 69°56'W, 4 Dec 1997, A. Cano 7944 (USM); Tarata, Poma, carretera Tarata-Puno, 17°25'S, 69°56'W, 4 Dec 1997, A. Cano 7953 (USM); 32 km N of Tarata, ca. 50 km S of abra Livini (Puno), road from Tarata to Mazo-Cruz (Puno), rd. 36, 17°26'S, 69°57'W, 11 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13138 (US, USM); rd. from Tarata to abra Livini (Puno), 0.5 km before intersection with rt. 36, 17°25'S, 69°56'W, 11 Mar 2014, V.A. Funk, M. Diazgranados & E. Cochachin 13142 (US); Tarata, cordillera del Barroso, carretera Alto Perú-Palca, 17°33'S, 69°51'W, 7 Dec 1997, J. Roque 559 (USM [mixed with X. juniperinum ]); bajando de Livini hacia Tarata, 17°26'S, 70°0'W, 28 Nov 1959, C. Vargas 13016 (CUZ, LPB, US).

Figures

Figure 18. Xenophyllum poposa A habit B stem apical part C capitulum D adaxial leaf surface E abaxial leaf surface F ray corolla and style G ray corolla and style (notice staminodes) H disc corolla I disc corolla and stamens (vertically sectioned, style removed) J achene with pappus. All details drawn from Funk et al. 13138 (US) except for A, B, D (drawn from Venturi 2964, US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini.

Figure 19. Detail of leaves and capitulum A Xenophyllum lorochaqui, drawn from Castellanos s. n. (BA) B X. poposa, drawn from Cardenas 362 (US) C X. incisum, drawn from Funk et al. 13078 (US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini.

Figure 20. Distribution map of Xenophyllum poposa (left hand), X. lorochaqui (right hand, closed triangle), and X. rosenii (right hand, open circle).