Graphis streblocarpa ( Bélanger 1834: 134 ) Nylander (1866: 133)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis streblocarpa ( Bélanger 1834: 134) Nylander (1866: 133) .

Type :— INDIA. Bélanger, s.n. (G!, holotype) .

New synonym: Graphis diplocheila Vainio (1921: 204) ; Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon , Benguet, Pauai , 2100 m, ad corticem arboris, June 1909, McGregor 8605 (TUR-Vain. 27239!, holotype) .

Thallus corticolous, lead-gray, smooth or wrinkled, dull or slightly glossy. Lirellae erumpent to prominent, with a thick complete thalline margin, short to elongate, straight, curved or sinuose, unbranched or sparsely branched, up to 8 mm long, labia convergent, entire, disc not visible from above ( subserpentina -morph). Exciple apically to peripherally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 1–2/ascus, hyaline, densely muriform, 11–17 × 1–5-septate, 70–110 × 15–30 μm.

Chemistry: stictic acid (major), α- acetylconstictic acid (major), constictic acid (submajor), peristictic acid (minor), hypostictic acid (minor) (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—Eastern Palaeotropics, reported from India (type locality), Sri Lanka ( Leighton 1869 as G. fissofurcata ), Thailand, Chiang Mai province ( Vainio 1921c, as G. streblocarpa var. pauperior ) and Loei province ( Poengsungnoen et al. 2010), Philippines ( Vainio 1921b, as G. hiascens var. clausior ), Hongkong ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), China ( Jia & Lücking 2017). The reference to this species in Buaruang et al. 2017, citing Pitakpong et al. (2015), (Rivas Plata 1015E), is not from Thailand, but from the Philippines. In Thailand, it was collected in lower montane scrubs, lower montane rainforests, a mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forests and a coniferous forest.

Remarks:—An extented chemistry is presented for this species for the first time. G. streblocarpa is slightly variable, concerning the carbonization of the exciple. While in the type it is only apically carbonized, it is laterally carbonized in G. hiascens var. clausior Vain. and G. fissofurcata Leight. which are treated as synonyms of G. streblocarpa by Lücking et al. (2009). A restudy of the holotype of Graphis diplocheila revealed a clear hymenium. This makes the name a later synonym of G. streblocarpa .

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Rai province: Khun Tan district, tambon Yang Hom, Phaya Pipak forest park, in a dry evergreen forest, on bark of an unidentified tree, 1185 m, 19°51’52’’ N, 100°20’04’’ E, 10 December 2016, J. & K. Kalb s.n., (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42019)— Kanchanaburi province: Sangkhlaburi district , parking area of Wat Wang Wiwegkaram (Wat Mon), in a light deciduous forest on bark of an unidentified deciduous tree, 210 m, 15°07’55’’ N, 98°26’48’’ E, 17 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41386) .