Graphis glaucescens Fée (1825: 36)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis glaucescens Fée (1825: 36) .

Type :— AMERICA MERIDIONALIS [South America]., ad corticem Bonplandiae trifoliatae (Angusturae verae officinarum), ( G!, lectotype, designated by Wirth & Hale 1978:15) .

Thallus corticolous, whitish to bluish gray, continuous, smooth or minutely roughened, ± farinose, ecorticate, dull. Lirellae immersed to erumpent, with lateral thalline margin, elongate, irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire or striate, black, often distinctly whitish pruinose, disc concealed, ( glaucescens -morph). Exciple apically carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 6–8/ascus, hyaline, not halonate, transversely 7–10-septate, 25–45 × 6–10 μm, 8–11- septate, 48–56 × 8–9.5 μm (lectotype, Awasthi & Mathur on annotation slip), (4–) 6 (–8)/ascus, 5–11-sepate, 35–55 × 7–12 μm ( Wirth & Hale 1978).

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, usually corticolous, but also saxicolous ( Lücking et al. 2009). In Thailand, it is the most common of all Graphis species. Judged from our collections, it seems to be mainly a lowland species with one exception from Chiang Mai province, collected at 1085 m ( Aptroot et al. 2007). It is not reported from Khao Yai National Park, elevations between 250 and 1440 m ( Sutjaritturakan 2002), nor from Loei Province (Poengsungnoen 2016), elevation between 400 and 1570 m. In both regions, extensive collections were made. The following tree species were found to serve as phorophytes: Acrocarpus fraxinifolius , Alstonia scholaris , Areca catechu , Artocarpus heterophyllus , Azadirachta excelsa , Citrus maxima , Citrus reticulata , Cocos nucifera , Durio zibethinus , Eugenia malaccensis , Hopea odorata , Lansium parasiticum , Mangifera indica , Manilkara achrasJatropha integerrima, Michelia alba , Parkia speciosa , Peltophorum pterocarpum , Plumeria rubra , Sandoricum koetjape and Syzygium jambos .

Remarks:—This lichen is rather variable. Usually, the labia are entire, but there are several collections with striate labia. As there are specimens where the transition can be clearly observed, these are identified as G. glaucescens too. Consequently they are keyed out at two options in the working key. Also variable is the degree of the pruina on the labia. All transitions from epruinose to densely pruinose labia were observed even on the same thallus.

Selected material from Thailand examined (122 specimens collected):— Chumphon province: Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho: in the area of King Monkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Prince of Chumphon campus, in a Ta-khian plantation, on bark of Hopea odorata , 10 m, 10°45’06” N, 99°20’52” E, 3 July 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1177, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42473); dito, Tha Sae district : in the area of Tambon Tha Sae , in a betel palm plantation ( Areca catechu ), 20 m. 10°31’25” N, 99°02’04” E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 0663, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42474); dito, Mueang district , tambon Tak Daet : in the area of Ban Bangpeang , in a betel palm plantation ( Areca catechu ), 7 m. 10°29’03” N, 99°10’32” E. 12 December 2007, J. Sutjaritturakan 0009, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42475); dito, Luang Suan district , tambon Wang Tako : in the area of Moo 13, in a langsat plantation, Lansium parasiticum , 190 m. 09°55’54” N, 99°02’30” E, 14 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 0914, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42476); dito, Lamae district , tambon Thung Luang : surroundings of hot spring pool, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 5 m. 09°43’27” N, 99°06’22”, 31 August 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1305, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42477)— Surat Thani province: Tha Chana district , tambon Klong Pha , arduous and stony “walking trail” from the Buddhist temple to a cave, in a secondary shrub, 45 m, 09°01’ N, 99°01’ E, 4 April 2012, K. Kalb , V. Poengsungnoen , M. Sodamuk , P. Mongkolsuk & K. Parnchawang s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 39166); dito, Ban Na Doem district , in the area of tambon Tha Ruea , on the bark of unidentified trees in a secondary forest, 30 m. 08°55’28’’ N, 99°16’33’’ E. 15 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 3876, 3882, 3884 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42478, 42479, 42480)— Nakhon Sri Thammarat province : Lansaka district , tambon Khao Kaew , in front of Kasemsomran waterside, in a betel palm plantation, ( Areca catechu ), 120 m. 08°20’42” N, 99°43’14” E, 15 October 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4860, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42370); dito, Tung Yai district , in the area of Ban Kuanlumpoo , in a durian plantation, on bark of Durio zibethinus , 45 m, 08°20’46” N, 99°28’30” E — Phatthalung province: Srinagarindra district , in the area of tambon Ban Na , Moo 2, on bark of an unidentified tree, 60 m, 07°31’17” N, 99°52’45” E, 28 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4593, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42481)— Trang province: tambon Thung Khai , at the edge of Peninsular Botanic Garden Thung Khai , in remnants of a tropical rainforest, on bark of an unidentified tree, 25 m, 07°28’ N, 99°38’ E, 17 December 2016, K. & J. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42062); dito, Palian district , tambon Suso , Moo 1, in a sentang plantation, on bark of Azadirachta excelsa , 25 m. 07°15’29” N, 99°40’44” E, 22 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2889 & S. Siemmai , (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42482)— Songkhla province: Mueang district , tambon Pawong , in the area of Khoyo , in a jackfruit tree plantation ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) 20 m, 07°10’17” N, 100°32’44” E, 7 October 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2507 & J. Jaraensri , (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42483); dito, Rattaphum district , tambon Kamphaeng Phet: in the area of Khao Tok Nam temple, on the bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 40 m. 07°08’0” N, 100°15’31” E, 26 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4453 4454 4455 4456, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42484, 42485, 82486, 42487)— Pattani province: Khok Pho district , tambon Thung Phla , in the area of Aran Warin Waterfall , on the bark of an unidentified tree, 100 m. 6°38’46’’ N, 101°08’34’’ E, 11 August 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4779, 4781), (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42488, 42489); dito, area of tambon Khuan Nori , in a Durian plantation ( Durio zibethinus ), 40 m, 06°37’55’’ N, 101°11’0.5’’ E, 11 August 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4784, 4786 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42490, 42491) .

* Graphis gonimica Zahlbruckner (1932: 431) . Fig. 5D . Type:— CHINA. Provinz Fukien, Kuschan prope Fudschou, ad corticem ramorum arboris, Chung 591a (W 7280!, lectotype, designated by Lücking et al. 2009: 417).

Thallus corticolous, whitish gray, continuous, smooth or minutely roughened, distinctly corticate, dull or slightly glossy. Lirellae erumpent, with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, simple or irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, black, not pruinose, disc concealed, (lineola- or deserpens -morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium inspersed (type A); ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, not halonate, transversely 7-septate, 30–55 × 6–7 μm, I+ blue.

Chemistry: norstictic acid ( M. Nakanishi, annotation slip attached to type specimen) .

Distribution and habitat:—Probably pantropical, reported from Brazil ( Leite et al. 2015), China (type locality), Seychelles ( Schumm & Aptroot 2010) and here for the first time from Thailand where it was growing on a freestanding tree at 95 m elevation.

Remarks:— Lücking et al. (2009) synonymized Graphis gonimica and G. sapii Zahlbr. The lectotype of the first has short, unbranched lirellae ( lineola -morph), as has also the specimen from the Seychelles. The lectotype of the second has elongate, irregularly branched lirellae ( deserpens -morph). Our specimen from Thailand is very similar to G. sapii and the potential separation of the two taxa needs to be studied further.

Material from Thailand examined:— Ranong province: Pungaban Waterfall at Phetkasem Road (Road #4), ca. 25 km NNE of Ranong City , parking area opposite of the waterfall on freestanding deciduous trees, 95 m, 10°03’56’’ N, 98°40’10’’ E, 6 June 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 41192) .

Figures

FIGURE 5. A. Graphis epimelaena (scale = 0.4); B. Graphis erythrocardia (scale = 0.5); C. Graphis flavovirens (scale = 1 mm); D. Graphis gonimica (scale = 0.25 mm); E. Graphis immersicans (scale = 0.5 mm); F. Graphis implicata (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis insulana (scale = 0.7 mm); H. Graphis intricata (scale = 1 mm).