Graphis geraensis Redinger (1935: 12)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis geraensis Redinger (1935: 12) .

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais state: São João del Rey, 1 September 1892, Malme 320 ( S 6503 !) .

Fig. 4F .

Thallus corticolous, off-white to whitish gray or greenish gray, continuous, smooth, dull or rarely slightly glossy. Lirellae prominent with basal thalline margin, elongate, irregularly or stellately branched, labia convergent, entire, black, not pruinose, disc concealed ( geraensis -morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 4–6–8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 5–8-septate, 21–25 × 5–7 μm, 7–9-septate, 24–26 × 7 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—pantropical ( Lücking et al. 2009). This species was reported from Brazil (type locality) and Papua New Guinea ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present) and is here reported from Thailand for the first time. It is growing on the bark of various deciduous trees in plantations, secondary forests and tropical rainforests at 10– 25 m.

Remarks:—This species is habitually very similar to G. anfractuosa (Eschw.) Eschw. , but the latter is easily distinguished by larger and more septate ascospores (40–50 × 8–9 μm and up to 14-septate) and in having an inspersed hymenium. G. geraensis was considered a synonym of Graphis dracaenae Vain. in Lücking et al. (2009), but a restudy of the type specimen revealed norstictic acid as a major compound, so that the two species must be kept separate.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chumphon province: Sawi district, in the area of Ban Khuan Samakkhi, in a Burmese rosewood plantation ( Pterocarpus indicus ), 10 m, 10°13’12’’ N, 98°35’19’’ E, 20 November 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1878, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42381); dito, Patieu district , tambon Chum Kho, in the forest on the right side of the road to Bangson Bay , on bark of trees in a secondary forest, 17 m, 10°26’31’’ N, 99°26’46’’ E, 15 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2461, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42384); dito, in the area of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Prince of Chumphon Campus, forest reserve, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 10 m, 10°26’23’’ N, 99°13’03’’ E, 8 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2092, 2104, 2147 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42386, 42380, 42379).— Trang province: Palian district , in the area of Ton Tae Waterfall, on bark of an unidentified tree in a tropical rainforest, 25 m, 07°15’29’’ N, 99°40’44’’ E, 22 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 3038 & S. Siemmai (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42402) .

Figures

FIGURE 4.A. Graphis conferta (scale = 0.2 mm); B. Graphis copelandii (scale = 1 mm); C. Graphis crebra (scale = 0.3 mm); D. Graphis cycasicola (scale = 0.5 mm); E. Graphis deserpens (scale = 0.5 mm); F. Graphis geraensis (scale = 0.4 mm); G. Graphis duplicata (scale = 0.4 mm); H. Graphis emersella (scale = 0.3 mm).