Graphis caesiella Vainio (1890: 122)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis caesiella Vainio (1890: 122) .

Type :— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, ad corticem arborum, 1885, E. A. Vainio (TUR-V. 27730!, lectotype, here designated) .

Fig. 3F .

Thallus corticolous, rarely also saxicolous, whitish, grayish white or greenish gray, continuous, smooth, slightly glossy. Lirellae immersed to erumpent, with a lateral thalline margin, elongate or stellately branched, labia convergent (a few may be partly divergent, exposing the white pruinose disc), entire, white pruinose, at least along the slit, disc usually not visible from above ( caesiella -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, halonate, transversely (5–) 7–9-septate, 20–34 × 6–9 μm, 7–9-septate, 20–30 × 7–10 μm (protologue), 5–9-septate, 20–40 × 6–8 μm (holotype, Lücking et al. 2009), 7–10-septate, 25–35 × 6–8 μm (Archer 2009).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), connorstictic acid (major to minor), ± subnorstictic acid (minor) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, known from the U.S.A. in Louisiana (S. H. Tucker 28131), Florida ( Harris 1995, Lücking et al. 2011), French Guiana (H. Sipman: Lichenotheca Latinoamericana No. 126), Netherlands Antilles ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), Cuba ( Rivas Plata et al. 2013), Costa Rica (Archer 2009), Singapore, Taiwan ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), Fiji ( Rivas Plata et al. 2013), Seychelles, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Vanatu and Australia (Archer 2099); it is common in Thailand from the North to the South. Graphis caesiella is growing in ± open situations in various forest types (evergreen forest, dry Dipterocarp forest, secondary forest) and in plantations on bark of trees ( Acrocarpus fraxinifolius , Azadirachta excelsa , Durio zibethinus , Garcinia mangostana , Hevea brasiliensis , Terminalia ivorensis ) from 20– 480 m.

Remarks:—TUR-V. 27730 is one sample of E. A.Vainio: Lichenes Brasilienses exsiccati 45 (1892), which was not only distributed to TUR, but also to FH and PC ( Alava 1988). Wirth & Hale (1963: 113) called the specimen in TUR a holotype, but they should have selected a lectotype instead, since Vainio did not specify the TUR specimen as type.

Although this species is mentioned in the recent checklist for Thai lichens ( Buaruang et al. 2017), with a reference to Pitakpong et al. (2015), the three specimens used in that phylogenetic analysis are not from Thailand, but from Cuba (Berger 17247) and Fiji (Lumbsch 20540i and 20530a) ( Rivas Plata et al. 2013). So our collections are the first, mentioned fromThailand.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Rai province, Mae Chan district, tambon Pa Tueng, at the edge of an evergreen forest, on bark of an unidentified tree, 480 m, 20°06’30’’ N, 99°46’19’’ E, 6 December 2016, J. Kalb & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42093)— Chiang Mai province, Mueang district, tambon Su Thep, surroundings of Huay Keaw Waterfall, ca. 6 km E of Chiang Mai, in a light dry Dipterocarpus forest, on bark of an unidentified tree, 420 m, 18°48’41’’ N, 98°56’39’’ E, 14 December 2016, J. Kalb & K. Kalb (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41878)— Prachuap Khiri Khan province, Bang Saphan Noi district, in the area of Kho po bus station, in a black afara plantation ( Terminalia ivorensis ), 45 m, 11°04’19’’ N, 99°22’24’’ E, 21 May 2011, J. Sutjaritturakan 3861 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42268)— Chumphon province, Mueang district, in the area of tambon Wangmai, in white sandalwood plantation ( Michelia alba ), 60 m, 10°31’25’’ N, 99°02’04’’ E, 31 Mai 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 593 & N. Sawangwong (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42267); Tha Sae district, in the area of tambon Nakatarm, in a red-cedar plantation ( Acrocarpus fraxinifolius ), 20 m, 10°35’57’’ N, 99°09’44’’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 862, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42266); dito, in the area of tambon Tha Sae, in a pomelo plantation ( Citrus maxima ), 20 m, 10°31’25’’ N, 99°02’04’’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 681, (hb. K. &. J. Kalb 42330); Lamae district, tambon Suan Taeng, in the area of Tambon Suan Taeng, in a rubber tree plantation ( Hevea brasiliensis ), 3 m, 09°43’28’’ N, 99°07’43’’ E, 31 August 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1342 & R. Nokkhao, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42265); Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, in the forest right-hand of the road, ca. 500 m from trisection to Bangson Bay, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 20 m, 10°26’31’’ N, 99°13’56’’ E, 11 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2374, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42278); Lang Suan district, tambon Wang Tako, surroundings of Moo 13, in a durian plantation ( Durio zibethinus ), 190 m, 09°55’54’’ N, 99°02’30’’ E, 14 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1087 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42277); Lang Suan district, tambon Tha Maphla, in the area of Ban Tasatan Moo 2, in a mangosteen plantation ( Garcinia mangostana ), 20 m, 09°56’24 N, 99°02’16’’ E, 17 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2693, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42273)— Trang province: Palian district, tambon Suso moo 1, in a sentang plantation ( Azadirachta excelsa ), 25 m, 07°15’29’’ N, 99°40’44’’ E, 25 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 3197 & S. Siemmai, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42269).

Figures

FIGURE 3. A. Allographa vestitoides (scale = 1 mm); B. Graphis albocarpa (scale = 0.5 mm); C. Graphis apertella (scale = 0.3 mm); D. Graphis aurita (scale = 0.4 mm); E. Graphis bakeri (scale = 0.4 mm); F. Graphis caesiella (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis capillacea (scale = 0.4 mm); H. Graphis chlorotica (scale = 0.5 mm).