Graphis schummiana J. Kalb, Lücking & Kalb, 2018

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

** Graphis schummiana J. Kalb, Lücking & Kalb , sp. nov. Fig. 1D .

Mycobank MB 827645

Similar to Graphis anfractuosa Eschw. , but differs in having lirellae with a laterally to completely carbonized exciple, the basal part of the exciple thinner than the lateral part (completely carbonized in G. anfractuosa , the basal part of the exciple as thick as the lateral part), bigger ascospores with more septa (40–50 × 8–9 μm, 7–11-septate in G. anfractuosa ) and in having a reddish brown pruinose K+ purple disc.

Type:— THAILAND. Chumphon province, Lamae district, tambon Suan Taeng , in a coastal coniferous forest on Casuarina junghuhniana , 3 m, 09°43’ N, 99°09’ E, 4 April 2012, K. Kalb, P. Mongkolsuk, V. Poengsungnoen, M. Sodamuk & K. Parnchawang 39065 ( RAMK, holotype, hb. Schumm, isotype) .

Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to the highly esteemed lichenologist and lichen photographer, our good friend Dr. Felix Schumm.

Description:—Thallus corticolous, pale gray, lead gray or white, up to 5 cm diam., 80–110 μm thick, continuous, corticate, prothallus whitish, surface uneven, dull. Thallus in section with upper cortex, up to 25 μm high, with irregular algal layer up to 35 μm high, medulla filled with many clusters of crystals. Lirellae prominent, straight, curved or sinuous, lacking a thalline margin, up to 2 (–3) mm long, 0.2–0.25 mm wide, 0.3 mm high; disc first concealed, opened with age with a reddish-brown pruina, K+ purple ( schummiana -morph); labia entire, not pruinose, black. Excipulum entire, laterally to completely carbonized, laterally 30–60 μm wide, black, basally 10–20 μm high, brownish or black; hypothecium 10–20 μm high, pale to brownish; hymenium ca. 90 μm high, inspersed (type A), epihymenium with orange-brown granules, K+ purple (tetra-hydroxy-anthraquinone-1,3,6,8). Paraphyses unbranched; asci elongate claviform, ca. 80 μm long, 25 μm wide. Ascospores 8 per ascus, with 5–7 transverse septa, 18–23 (–30) × 6–8 μm, colorless, I+ blue.

Chemistry: no lichen substances in the thallus by TLC, tetra-hydroxy-anthraquinone-1,3,6,8 in the epihymenium by spot-test (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—The new species was collected in South Thailand in a mangrove forest, a rubber tree plantation, a reforestation, a coastal coniferous forest and a roadside tree from 3–17 m elevation.

Remarks:— Graphis schummiana is characterized by medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores, an almost completely carbonized exciple and the lack of lichen substances. Very similar is also G. chromothecia R. C. Harris (1990: 19) , both having an inspersed hymenium, 7-septate and rather small ascospores. But the latter has dussii -morph lirellae and contains norstictic acid as a major metabolite.

The schummiana -morph lirellae are distinguished in lacking a thalline margin, having entire labia, beeing prominent and sparsely to irregularly branched and having an open disc with a reddish- brown, K+ purple pruina. This morph is intermediate between the hossei - and scripta -morphs, but it differs from the first in having an open and pruinose disc and from the latter in having prominent lirellae lacking a thalline margin.

Material from Thailand examined (paratypes):— Trat province: Mueang district, Ban Pak Klong Num Chiew, in a ± disturbed mangrove forest with dominant Rhizophora apiculata , Rh. mucronata , Lumnitzera racemosa and Avicennia alba , 3 m, 12°10’25’’ N, 102°28’37’’E, 15 January 2012, K. Kalb, P. Mongkolsuk, V. Poengsungnoen and M. Sodamuk, s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 40838)— Chumphon province: Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, in a rubber tree plantation on Hevea brasiliens , 17 m, 10°44’19’’ N, 99°22’22’’ E, 25 December 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 393, (hb. K. Kalb 42098); dito, surroundings of King Monkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Prince of Chumphon campus, in a forest reserve, in a secondary forest, 10 m, 10°26’23’’ N, 99°13’03’’ E, 8 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2072, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42407); Lamae district, tambon Thung Luang, surroundings of Tham Khao Plu hot springs, on bark of an unidentified tree in a reforestation, 4 m, 09°43’27’’ N, 99°06’22’’ E, 26 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan s.n. & R. Nokkhao, (hb. K. Kalb 42101)— Trang province: Hat Samran district, tambon Hat Samran, on freestanding trees along road from Yan Ta Khao to Tungyao district, on Hopea odorata , 4 m, 07°12’28’’ N, 99°36’00’’ E, 26 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2852, 2853 & R. Nokkhao (hb. K. Kalb 42099, 42100).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A.–D. Newly described lirellae-morphs. A. balaghatensis-morph (Graphis balaghatensis, scale = 0.6 mm; KJK 42040). B. filiformis-morph (Graphis filiformis, scale = 0.5 mm; KJK 41932). C. leptogramma-morph (Graphis leptogramma, scale = 0.5 mm; KJK 41792). D. schummiana-morph (Graphis schummiana, scale = 0.25 mm; KK 39065). E.–F. Lirellae with complete thalline margin; E. Lirellae with apically thick thalline margin (Graphis schroederi, scale = 1 mm; KJK 41749); F. Lirellae with apically thin thalline margin (Allographa acharii, scale = 0.5 mm; KK 19455).