Graphis modesta Zahlbruckner (1911: 19)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

* Graphis modesta Zahlbruckner (1911: 19) .

Type:— SOLOMON ISLANDS. Bougainville Island : Bay of Kieta, on bark of Cerbera sp. , Rechinger 4539 ( W!) .

Fig. 6D .

Thallus corticolous, off-white, greyish or brownish gray, continuous, smooth to uneven, partly corticate, glossy. Lirellae immersed to erumpent, with a thick lateral thalline margin, elongate, straight or curved, irregularly, rarely stellately branched, labia divergent, entire, not or white pruinose, disc exposed, white pruinose (scripta- morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 5–7-septate, (18–) 20–29 × 5–7 μm; 20–28 × 5–8 μm ( Awasthi 1991); 7-septate, 18–19 × 7–7.5 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: stictic acid (major), constictic acid (minor to trace), cryptostictic acid (minor), hypostictic (submajor to trace) ± hypoconstictic acid (minor), ± peristictic acid (submajor), ± quaesitic acid (submajor) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—reported from the Solomon Islands (type locality), India ( Awasthi 1991), the Galapagos Islands ( Bungartz et al. 2016) and here from Thailand for the first time. It was growing on the bark of various trees, mostly in plantations, rarely in glades of tropical rainforests and secondary forests between 5 and 40 m elevation.

Remarks:— Graphis modesta is a variable species, concerning the branching pattern and the pruinosity of the lirellae. In well developed specimens, the lirellae are sparcely and irregularly branched and the disk as well as the labia are whitish pruinose. When the pruina becomes abraded, the labia are black and glossy. Despite of this variability, the species is well characterized in having scripta –morph lirellae, a clear hymenium, a completely carbonized exciple, small, transversely septate ascospores and the stictic acid chemosyndrom.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chumphon province: Pathio district, tambon Chum Kho, in front of Ban Chum Kho school in a temple-tree plantation ( Plumeria rubra ), 10 m, 10°43’48’’ N, 99°19’20’’ E, 23 December 2007, J. Sutjaritturakan 0223 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42388); dito, tambon Tak Daet, in the area of Ban Bangpeang, in a coconut plantation ( Cocos nucifera ), 7 m, 10°29’03’’ N, 99°10’32’’ E, 12 December 2007, J. Sutjaritturakan 0030 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42390); dito, Lamae district, tambon Suang Taeng, in the area of tambon Suan Taeng, in a betelnut palm plantation ( Areca catechu ), 5 m, 09°43’28’’ N, 99°07’43’’ E, 31 august 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1325 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42401); dito, in a pomelo plantation ( Citrus maxima ), 10 m, 09°43’08’’ N, 99°06’58’’ E, 31 August 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1399 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42392)—Phang-Nga province: Mueang district, in the area of Suan Somdet Srinagarindra Thara, on bark of an unidentified tree in a glade of a tropical rainforest, 15 m, 08°25’59’’ N, 98°31’06’’ E, 29 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4333, 4353 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42394, 42398)— Phuket province: Thalang district, in the area of tambon Thep Krasattri, Ban Kokwatmai, on bark of an unidentified tree in a secondary forest, 30 m, 08°19’33’’ N, 98°20’40’’ E, 17 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 3974 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42393)— Songkhla province: Mueang district, tambon Phawong, in the area of Khoyo, in a yellow Cassia plantation ( Senna siamea ), 20 m, 07°10’17’’ N, 100°32’44’’ E, 7 October 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2499 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42400); dito, Rattaphum district, tambon Kamphaeng Phet, in the area of Khao Tok Nam temple, in a Burma padauk plantation ( Pterocarpus macrocarpus ), 40 m, 07°08’21’’ N, 100°15’31’’ E, 26 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4412 (Hb. K. & J. Kalb 42395); dito, in a rosy trumpet tree plantation ( Tabebuia rosea ), 40 m, 07°08’21’’ N, 100°15’31’’ E, 26 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4418 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42396).

Figures

FIGURE 6. A. Graphis kelungana (scale = 0.5 mm); B. Graphis khaojoneana (scale = 0.4 mm); C. Graphis litoralis (scale = 0.5 mm); D. Graphis modesta (scale = 0.5); E. Graphis myrtacea (scale = 0.5); F. Graphis negrosina (scale = 0.5 mm); G. Graphis oxyclada (scale = 0.8 mm); H. Graphis paralleloides (scale = 0.3).