Fagineura crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000

Hara, Hideho & Ibuki, Shinichi, 2022, A study of the genus Fagineura (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae), Zootaxa 5116 (2), pp. 223-252 : 229-231

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5116.2.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBF12EE4-4675-45AC-80C1-CFA61FD0C297
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6369213
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65401F59-C001-FF8C-FF6A-2FF2FA98FA94
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Fagineura crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000
status

Treatment

( Figs 1A–N View FIGURE 1 , 6A–C, M, O, P View FIGURE 6 , 7A, B, D, J, P, Q View FIGURE 7 , 8A, G, O, W, X View FIGURE 8 , 9A, I View FIGURE 9 , 10A, B View FIGURE 10 , 11A, B View FIGURE 11 , 14A, D–F, K, L View FIGURE 14 )

Fagineura crenativora Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 , in Shinohara et al. 2000: 115; Yamagami et al. 2007: 256; Taeger et al. 2010: 405; Taniwaki 2013: 159; Prous et al. 2014: 18, 26, 47; Liu et al. 2019: 33; Hara 2019: 77; Hara 2020: 82, 339; Liu et al. 2021: 130.

For more references, see Shinohara et al. (2000) and Taniwaki (2013).

Additional description: female and male. Female Figs 1A–K View FIGURE 1 . Male Figs 1L–N View FIGURE 1 . Head in dorsal view with length behind eye 0.6–0.8 × eye length in female, 0.4 × in male ( Figs 6A–C View FIGURE 6 ); length behind lateral ocellus 2.1–2.9 × length of lateral ocellus in female, 1.7–2.3 × in male. OOL:POL:OOCL 1.0–1.3:1.0: 0.8–1.1 in female, 1.0–1.3:1.0: 0.7–0.9 in male. Frontal area with lateral ridge distinct ( Fig. 6P View FIGURE 6 ), sometimes very slight; anterior ridge usually well developed, with median groove throughout or anteriorly; frontal field very slightly convex laterally and centrally; in a few females, lateral ridge very wide and frontal field almost flat. Distance between eyes at anterior tentorial pit 1.3–1.5 × major axis of eye in female, 1.2–1.3 × in male ( Figs 1A, E, I, L View FIGURE 1 ). Inner edges of eyes slightly converging below. Malar space 0.3–0.8 × as long as median ocellus width. Antenna 2.3–2.6 × as long as head width in female, 2.9–3.3 × in male ( Figs 1B, F, J, M View FIGURE 1 ); flagellum slightly tapered; flagellomere 1 0.8–0.9 × as long as major axis of eye in female, 0.9–1.0 × in male; flagellomere 2 1.1–1.2 × as long as flagellomere 1 in female, 1.2–1.3 × in male. Mesepisternum very slightly expanded beside postspiracular sclerite ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ). Hind tibia with posterior spur 1.0–1.3 × as long as apical breadth of tibia in lateral view.

Female abdomen: cercus 4–6 × as long as wide ( Figs 9A, I View FIGURE 9 ). Valvula 3 short, in dorsal view 1.5–2 × as wide as cercus, in lateral view with apex narrowly rounded, dorsal edge short and straight and ventral edge gently rounded. Lance with dorsal edge nearly straight ( Figs 10A, B View FIGURE 10 ). Lancet with radix 1.0–1.1 × as long as lamnium ( Figs 11A, B View FIGURE 11 ); tangium with 5–14 pores; sclerotized part before lamnium very narrow, dorsally extending to near olistheter; lamnium with 15–16 annuli; basal annuli almost straight and erect; middle and apical annuli arched; annulus 1 with long ctenidium; ctenidia except for those of annulus 1 and some apical annuli consisting of several irregular transverse rows of setae and markedly expanded dorsally; middle ctenidia dorsally almost in contact with neighboring ctenidia (the narrow ctenidia in fig. 3A of Shinohara et al. 2000 are wrong); ctenidia ventrally extending near to serrulae.

Male abdomen: subgenital plate tapered, apically narrowly truncate in ventral or dorsal view ( Fig. 14A View FIGURE 14 ). Genitalia ( Figs 14D–F View FIGURE 14 ) with parapennis pointed apically and its medial edge straight; harpe longer than wide, wider than apex of basiparamere, with medial edge distinctly convex at basal third and distinctly concave near base, lateral edge gently rounded, and apex narrowly rounded. Penis valve with paravalva large and expanded, ventrally with distinct spinules ( Figs 14F, K, L View FIGURE 14 ); valvispina directed posteroventrally.

Head and thorax with punctures inconspicuous or minute ( Figs 6P View FIGURE 6 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ); interspaces between punctures generally smooth. Posterolateral hollow of mesoscutum widely with rugose and granular microsculpture. Mesopostnotum with rugose and granular microsculpture, medially smooth. Metapostnotum mostly smooth. Postspiracular sclerite with many setae. Mesepisternum not glabrous beside postspiracular sclerite ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ), ventrolaterally often slightly microsculptured imbricately. Katepimeron widely covered with setae, rarely with only a few or several setae. Abdomen microsculptured imbricately, with punctures inconspicuous.

Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ JAPAN: Honshu, Kanagawa Pref., Mt. Tanzawa-yama, Murodaira , Fagus crenata , June 1997, em. 20 April 1998, A. Yamagami leg.”, “HOLO-TYPE ♀ ”, “ Holotypus Fagineura crenativora ♀ Vikberg & Zinovjev ” ( Figs 6A, M View FIGURE 6 , 7A View FIGURE 7 , 8O, W View FIGURE 8 ). Paratypes: HOKKAIDO : 1♀, Mt. Kuromatsunaidake , Tozanguchi, 28–29. V. 1999, A. Shinohara ― HONSHU : 1♀ 1♂, Kanagawa Pref., Mt. Tanzawa-yama , 29. IV. 1998, A. Yamagami ; 1♀ 1♂, same data but 3. V. 1999 ; 2♀, Kanagawa Pref., Mt. Tanzawa-yama, Murodaira , 7. V. 1999, T. Koshiji ; 2♀, Nagano Pref., Takayama, Shichimi-onsen , 4–5. VI. 1988, A. Shinohara ( Fig. 10A View FIGURE 10 ) ; 1♀, Nagano Pref., Chino, Mts. Yatsugatake, Minoto , 24–26. VII. 1980, A. Shinohara ; 6♀, Kyoto Pref., Omi, Ohara , 15. V 1984, R. Inagawa ; 2♀, Nara Pref., Mt. Kunimi-yama, Myojindaira , 16. V 1982, K. Mizuno ; 1♀, Nara Pref., Nosegawa, Mt. Gomadan-zan , 23. V. 1981, K. Mizuno ― KYUSHU : 2♀, Oita Pref., Kuju, Mt. Kurodake , 1624. V. 1986, A, Shinohara .

Other material examined: JAPAN: HONSHU: 2♀ 1♂, Miyagi Pref., Kamoshika-onsen , 5. V. 1982, A. Shinohara; 1 ♀, Tochigi Pref., Nakagawa, Bato , 36°44’N 140°10’E, coll. larva on Fagus japonica 12. GoogleMaps V. 2019, mat. 14. V., em. 7. IV. 2020 , S. Ibuki ( Figs 1A–D View FIGURE 1 , 8A View FIGURE 8 , 11B View FIGURE 11 ); 1 ♀, same data but em. 11. IV. 2020 ( Figs 1E–H View FIGURE 1 , 8G View FIGURE 8 , 10B View FIGURE 10 ) ; 1 ♀, Tokyo Met., Mt. Takao-san , 20. IV. 1930 , H. Sugiura; 3♂, Kanagawa Pref., Mt. Tanzawa-yama , 29. IV. 1998 , Yamagami ( Fig. 14A View FIGURE 14 ); 1 ♀, Shizuoka Pref., Mt. Amagi-san , 28. IV. 1954 , Takeuchi; 2 ♀, Ishikawa Pref., Mt. Hakusan , 1300–1500m alt., 25. V. 2002, I. Togashi; 1 ♀, same data but 2. VI. 2002; 1 ♀, same data but 10. VI. 2002; 1 ♀, same data but 1500–1600m alt., 2. VI. 2002; 1♂, Nara Pref., Kamikitayama, Sawamata , 27. IV. 2013 , F. Ito ( Figs 1L–N View FIGURE 1 , 14D–F, K, L View FIGURE 14 ) (cited by Hara 2020); 1 ♀ 2♂, Osaka Pref., Kishiwada, Mt. Izumikatsuragi-san , 23. IV. 2002 , R. Matsumoto; 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref., Mt. Oginosen , 4. V. 1964, T. Naito ( Figs 1I–K View FIGURE 1 ); 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref., Shinonsen , Hataganaru, coll. larva on Fagus crenata 27. V. 1955, em. 5. IV. 1956; 1 ♀, same locality and host, em. 28. IV. 1956 ; 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref., Kami, Mt. Hachibuse-yama , 15. V. 2013, T. Naito ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 ) (cited by Hara 2020); 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref., Mt. Hyono-sen , 21. V. 1965, T. Naito; 1 ♀, same locality, 4. V. 1969, K. Matsumoto; 1♂, Hyogo Pref., Kobe, Chuo Ward , 14. IV. 2001 , H. Yoshida; 2 ♀, Tottori Pref., Mt. Daisen , “Jadani”, 20. V. 1981, A. Shinohara; 7 ♀ 3♂, Tottori Pref., Daisen, Sannosawa , 21–22. V. 1981, A. Shinohara; 1 ♀, Tottori Pref., Daisen, Daisenji , 7. V. 2007, A. Shinohara ― SHIKOKU: 1 ♀, Ehime Pref., Saijo, Mt. Ishizuchi-san , 24. V. 2003, T. Kurihara; 5 ♀, Ehime Pref., Tsuchigoya, Mt. Ishizuchi-san , 26–27. V. 1986, A. Shinohara ( Figs 6B, P View FIGURE 6 , 7B, D, J, P, Q View FIGURE 7 , 8X View FIGURE 8 , 9A, I View FIGURE 9 ) ― KYUSHU: 1 ♀, Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Hiko-san, Buzenbo , 10. V. 1986, A. Shinohara; 1 ♀, Oita Pref., Mt. Sobo-san , 26. V. 1932, Takeuchi.

Distribution. Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu ( Shinohara et al. 2000).

Life history. Host plants: Fagaceae : Fagus crenata Blume , F. japonica Maxim. ( Shinohara et al. 2000) .

For the life history, see Shinohara et al. (2000). The adult is attracted to yellow ( Taniwaki 2013). This sawfly is a serious pest of beech in Japan. The severe defoliation by the sawfly is strongly related to the death of beech trees ( Yamagami et al. 2007).

Remarks. Fagineura crenativora is distinguished from the other congeners as stated in the key. The following characters are also available to distinguish this species from the other members of the F. crenativora group: in female, each flagellomere except for apical one slightly widened toward apex ( Figs 1B, F, J View FIGURE 1 ), head mostly pale between eye and anterior tentorial pit ( Figs 1A, E, I View FIGURE 1 ) and mesepisternum mostly or entirely pale ( Figs 1C, D, G, H, K View FIGURE 1 ); katepimeron usually widely covered with setae, rarely with only several setae; in lancet, tangium with 5–14 pores, sclerotized band before lamnium very narrow, dorsally extending to near olistheter, and middle ctenidia dorsally almost in contact with neighboring ctenidia.

Although Liu et al. (2019) stated “Terga 1–2 black” and Liu et al. (2021) stated “Frontal area entirely black; mesonotum mostly black” for F. crenativora in their keys to species of Fagineura , those statements are wrong. As Vikberg & Zinovjev pointed out in Shinohara et al. (2000, p. 116), the female coloration is exceedingly variable, and the frontal area and mesonotum are sometimes mostly or almost entirely pale respectively ( Figs 1F, J View FIGURE 1 ).

V	Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium
T	Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics
VI	Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute
R	Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile

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Taxonomy

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Hymenoptera
Family	Tenthredinidae
Genus	Fagineura