Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantsev, 1946

Fedorov, Denis & Hornok, Sándor, 2024, Checklist of hosts, illustrated geographical range, and ecology of tick species from the genus Ixodes (Acari, Ixodidae) in Russia and other post-Soviet countries, ZooKeys 1201, pp. 255-343 : 255-343

Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantsev, 1946

Recorded hosts.

Aves: Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth (Blyth’s reed warbler), Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Linnaeus) (sedge warbler), Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus (mallard), Anthus trivialis (tree pipit), Calliope calliope (Pallas) (Siberian rubythroat), Carduelis carduelis (European goldfinch), Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas) (common rosefinch), Chloris chloris (Linnaeus) (European greenfinch) Columba livia Gmelin (rock dove), Corvus cornix Linnaeus (hooded crow), Corvus corone Linnaeus (carrion crow), Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus) (common quail), Crex crex (Linnaeus) (corn crake), Curruca communis (Latham) (common whitethroat), Curruca curruca (Linnaeus) (lesser whitethroat), Cyanopica cyanus Pallas (azure-winged magpie), Emberiza calandra Linnaeus (corn bunting), Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus (yellowhammer), Emberiza leucocephalos Gmelin (pine bunting), Emberiza spodocephala Pallas (black-faced bunting), Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas) (European pied flycatcher), Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus (Eurasian chaffinch), Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus (brambling), Lanius collurio Linnaeus (red-backed shrike), Locustella lanceolata (Temminck) (lanceolated warbler), Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus) (thrush nightingale), Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus) (bluethroat) Parus major Linnaeus (great tit), Passer montanus (Linnaeus) (Eurasian tree sparrow), Pastor roseus (Linnaeus) (rosy starling), Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus) (common redstart), Phylloscopus fuscatus (Blyth) (dusky warbler), Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall) (greenish warbler), Pica pica (Eurasian magpie), Sitta europaea Linnaeus (Eurasian nuthatch), Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus (common starling), Sylvia borin (garden warbler), Tetrao urogallus (western capercaillie), Tetrastes bonasia (hazel grouse), Turdus iliacus Linnaeus (redwing), Turdus philomelos Brehm (song thrush), Turdus pilaris Linnaeus (fieldfare), Turdus ruficollis Pallas (red-throated thrush), Turdus viscivorus (mistle thrush) ( Filippova 1977; Moskvitina et al. 2014).

Mammalia: Alexandromys oeconomus (tundra vole), Apodemus agrarius (striped field mouse), Arvicola amphibius (European water vole), Craseomys rufocanus (grey red-backed vole), Cricetus cricetus (European hamster), Eutamias sibiricus (Siberian chipmunk), Lepus timidus (mountain hare), Microtus agrestis (short-tailed field vole), Microtus arvalis (common vole), Mus musculus (house mouse), Myodes glareolus (bank vole), Myodes rutilus (northern red-backed vole), Neomys fodiens (Eurasian water shrew), Nothocricetulus migratorius (grey dwarf hamster), Ochotona alpina (Alpine pika), Sciurus vulgaris (red squirrel), Sicista betulina (northern birch mouse), Sicista subtilis (Pallas) (southern birch mouse), Sorex araneus (common shrew), Sorex minutus (Eurasian pygmy shrew), Sorex roboratus (flat-skulled shrew), Stenocranius gregalis (Pallas) (narrow-headed vole) ( Filippova 1977).

Recorded locations

(Fig. 13 ). Russia: Tomsk Oblast ( Kovalev et al. 2015), Novosibirsk Oblast, Altai Republic ( Tkachev et al. 2017), Altai Krai, Kemerovo Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khakassia, northern spurs of the Western Sayan, Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk, Primorsky Krai – the Sikhote-Alin ( Filippova 1969; Sapegina and Ravkin 1969; Filippova and Panova 1998), Russky Island ( Nikitin et al. 2021). Kazakhstan: East Kazakhstan Region ( Tkachev et al. 2017; Perfilyeva et al. 2020), Abai Region, Jetisu Region ( Filippova 1977), Tarbagatai Mountains, Dzungarian Alatau, Küngöy Ala-Too Range ( Ushakova et al. 1976; Filippova and Panova 1998). Kyrgyzstan: Küngöy Ala-Too Range ( Filippova and Panova 1998), Terskey Ala-too ( Fedorova 2017).

Ecology and other information.

Ixodes pavlovskyi is a tick species distributed in Western Siberia, the Far East, Eastern Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan ( Filippova 1977; Fedorova 2017), as well as in China (Guo et el. 2016) and Japan ( Nakao et al. 1992; Guglielmone et al. 2023). It more often prefers birds as hosts, as well as small mammals although some cases of human and livestock infestation are also recorded. Its preferred habitats include usually coniferous and deciduous forests, undergrowth, as well as motley grass ( Filippova 1977).

Often it can be found in the same biotopes together with I. persulcatus with complete coincidence of the seasons of activity of both species at each ontogenetic stage ( Filippova 1999) and where their hybridization can also occur ( Kovalev et al. 2015; Rar et al. 2019).

In certain areas of Siberia I. pavlovskyi outnumbers I. persulcatus and also other tick species due to the high abundance of ground-feeding birds, especially in urban landscapes with habitats suitable for ticks like parks and cemeteries. So, for example, in the city of Tomsk in Western Siberia I. pavlovskyi dominates everywhere in the city and its outskirts ( Romanenko 2011). Probably eventually over time I. persulcatus was gradually replaced by I. pavlovskyi because it is too difficult for adult I. persulcatus to find its preferred hosts, namely mammals ( Romanenko and Leonovich 2015).

Filippova and Panova (1998) recognize two subspecies in Russian populations of this tick, namely I. pavlovskyi pavlovskyi and I. pavlovskyi occidentalis which differentiation is based on morphological features between western and eastern specimens.

The type specimens of I. pavlovskyi are deposited at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and include I. pavlovskyi, Pomerantsev ( Pomerantsev 1946: 11) , the holotype: female; [ Russia], DVK [Primorskii Terr.], Imanskii Forestry, hazel, 2. 9. 1932, type; AL I 513. Description – Filippova 1977: 305–312 (female, male, nymph, larva); as well as I. pavlovskyi subsp. occidentalis ( Filippova and Panova 1998: 396–411 – female, male, nymph, larva) the holotype: female; Russia, western foothills of Kuznetskii Ala Tau, basin of upper Tom River, environs of Mezhdurechensk, from vegetation, flagging, 24. 5. 1972, coll. E. D. Chigirik, det. N. A. Filippova; AL I 1016 and finally I. pavlovskyi subsp. pavlovskyi ( Filippova and Panova 1998: 396 – 411, female, male, nymph, larva), the holotype (the same as the holotype of the species): see I. pavlovskyi ( Filippova 2008) .

Figures

Figure 13. Map of Russia and neighboring countries showing the locations where Ixodes pavlovskyi was reported.