Xanthopygus cognatus Sharp, 1876

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2022, A revision of the genus Xanthopygus Kraatz (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina), Zootaxa 5099 (2), pp. 151-178 : 155-158

Xanthopygus cognatus Sharp, 1876

(Figs. 7 – 14)

Xanthopygus cognatus Sharp 1876: 131 .

Lampropygus minor Sharp 1884: 347 ; nomen nudum.

Xanthopygus minor (Sharp) ; Herman 2001: 3606.

Type material. Holotype, female, with labels: “Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.348°, -64.708°]” / “Type” [in pen someone has written the word “Holo- before the word type but that was certainly not done by Sharp] / “S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “ Xanthopygus cognatus ♀ type DS” / “ Holotype ♀ Xanthopygus cognatus Sharp, 1876 det. R. G. Booth 2014” / “ Xanthopygus phylogeny voucher SC-014”. In the collection of NHMUK. Sharp (1876) mentioned that he had only one specimen, which is therefore the holotype.

Additional Materials. BELIZE: Cayo: Belmopan [17.25°, -88.76°], 20.viii.1972, S. & J. Peck leg. (1 ♂ CNC) ; Stann Creek: Middlesex [17.016°, -88.50°], 11.iv.1965, FMNHINS3975320, FMNHINS3975332, FMNHINS3975321 (2 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Toledo: Toledo [16.133°, -88.816°], 10 – 20.x.[19]06, Peck leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ MCZ) ; BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: Chapare [-16.83°, -66.16°], 400m, 5.xii.1946, R. Zischka leg., (1 ♂, 1 ♀ NMW) ; Cristal Mayu [-17.002°, -65.632°], 28.viii.1949, L. Peña leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♂ NMW) ; La Paz: Coroico [-16.183°, -67.733°], 1800m, x – xii.1906, Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975888 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Santa Cruz: Ichilo, Buena Vista [-17.458°, -63.659°], 7.v.1989, P. Bettella leg., FMNHINS3975314 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; BRAZIL: Amazonas: Ega [Tefé; -3.348°, -64.708°], Sharp coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; unknown locality, Sharp coll. (1 ♂, 2 ♀ NHMUK) ; Pará: Caninde, Rio Gurupi [-2.7°, -46.6°], 7 – 8.iv.1963, dead spider monkey, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS3975326 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; Santarém [-2.43°, -54.72°] (1 ♂ CMNH) ; unknown state: unknown locality (1 ♂, 4 ♀ NMW; 1 ♀ NMNH) ; COLOMBIA: Cauca: San Andres ( Tierradentro ) [2.58°, -76.03°], 1500m, 20 – 21.xi.1971, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS3975324, FMNHINS3975323, FMNHINS3975325 (1 ♂, 2 ♀ FMNH; 1 ♂ NHMD) ; La Guajira: Rio Villanueva [10.6°, -72.98°], Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975890 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Magdalena: Vista Nieve [11.081°, - 74.082°], 1524m, 29.vii.[19]20, Griveau coll. (1 ♂ MHNG) ; Meta: Villavicencio [4.15°, -73.633°], 25.vii.[19]38, H. Dybas leg., FMNHINS3975315, FMNHINS3975316 (2 ♂ FMNH) ; unknown department: unknown locality (2 ♀ NHMUK; 1♀ NMW; 1 ♂ NHMD) ; unknown locality, Moritz leg. (1 ♀ ZMHB) ; COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Peñas Blancas [10.364°, -84.665°], 800m, 19.v.1989, FIT, J. Ashe, R. Brooks & R. Leschen leg., SM0079971 (1♀ SEMC) ; San Carlos [10.620°, -84.512°], Schild-Burgdorf coll. (1 ♂ NMW; 1 ♀ ZMHB)) ; 27km N. & 8km W. San Ramon [10.225°, -84.591°], 1120m, 29.vi. – 6.viii.1999, rotting palm trunk, R. Anderson leg., SM0186612 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Cartago: Turrialba [9.88°, -83.68°], 800m, A. Hayne leg., Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975312 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality and collector (3 ♀ ZMHB) ; same locality, 7.viii.[19]65, under bark, A. Reske leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Guanacaste: Area de Conservación Guanacaste [10.880°, -85.389°], 587m, 15.viii.2010, J. Skevington (1 ♂ CNC) ; Heredia: 3km. S. Puerto Viejo, La Selva [10.416°, -84.000°], 100m, ii – iv.1993, P. Hanson, SM0080022 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; 9.7km N. Heredia [9.99°, -84.11°], 1280m, 9.ii.1985, litter near stream, L. Herman leg. (1♀ AMNH) ; Santo Domingo, INBio Cafetal [9.988°, -84.068°], 25 – 28.vi.1997, FIT, S. & J. Peck, SM0330745, SM0330729, SM0330730 (3 ♀ SEMC) ; Limón: Finca Carlilla , vi.[19]38, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975313 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Hamburg farm, R. Reventazón [10.25°, -83.45°], 15.iii.[19]23, on carrion, F. Nevermann leg., Tottenham coll. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; same locality, 15.x.1923, F. Nevermann leg., Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975906 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Puntarenas: Corcovado National Park, Sirena Station , lower Ollas trail [8.480°, -83.588°], 5m, 24.vi.2000, fogging rotting sap flow, Z. Falin leg., SM0203172 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; San José: Escazú [9.91°, -84.14°], 21 – 26.v.1989, F. Parker leg., SM0079972 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 1400m, 11.x.1987, M. Cooper leg. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; La Caja [9.96°, -84.14°], vi. [19]38, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975895 (2 ♀ FMNH; 1 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality, ii – iv.[19]40, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975896, FMNHINS3975897 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Piedras Negras [9.897°, -84.312°], Schild-Burgdorf coll., FMNHINS3975887 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; San José [9.933°, -84.083°], ii.[19]32, 1000–1200m, at light, F. Nevermann leg., Tottenham coll. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; same locality, 1000–1200m, 13.iv.[19]33, on fermenting sap, F. Nevermann leg. (1♂, 3 ♀ NMNH) same locality (1 ♂, 2♀ AMNH) ; same locality, viii.[19]45, Maller coll. (1♀ AMNH) ; same locality, E. Schmidt leg. (1 ♂, 17 ♀ AMNH) ; San Pedro, Montes de Oca [9.933°, -84.0469°], 1.ii.[19]39, Bierig leg., Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975899 (1 ♂ FMNH) ; unknown province: Cabolera , 13.xi.1943, Bierig. coll., FMNHINS3975898 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; La Ola , ii.1940 (1 ♀ ZMHB) ; ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Pucay [Bucay: - 2.204°, -79.177°], 300m, xi.1905, F. Ohs leg., FMNHINS3975894 (1 ♀ FMNH; 3 ♂, 5 ♀ ZMHB) ; Cotopaxi: Las Damas [-0.395°, -78.981°], G. Onore leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Esmeraldas: San Mateo [0.88°, -79.63°], 14.ix.1956, FMNHINS3989872 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Loja: Loja [-3.98°, -79.2°], Sharp coll. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Los Rios: Santo Domingo, Rio Palenque Biological Station [-0.586°, -79.364°], 22 – 28.ii.1976, J. Glaser coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ CNC) ; same locality, 300m, 22 – 28.ii.1976, J. Campbell leg. (9 ♂, 4 ♀ CNC) ; Tiputini Biodiversity Station [-0.638°, -76.15°], 8.vi.2011, on treefall, M. Caterino & A. Tischechkin leg. (1 ♂ UFSQ) ; Pastaza: Cusuimi, Rio Cusuimi , 150km SE Puyo [-2.42°, -77.00°], 18 – 23.vii.1971, freshly fallen palm, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS3975328 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 300m, 19 – 23.vii.1971, under bark, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS3975302, FMNHINS3975304, FMNHINS3975303(2 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Jibaria Shurupe [-1.93°, -77.78°], 7.xi.1987, M.Huybensz leg., FMNHINS3975331 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Sucumbios: Limoncocha [-0.4°, -76.6°], 250m, 15 – 28.vi.1976, S. & J. Peck leg. (4 ♂, 6♀ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 28.vi.1976, fermenting stump pulp (1 ♂ CNC) ; Sacha Lodge [-0.5°, -76.5°], 270m, 30.ix – 10.x.1994, malaise, P. Hibbs leg., SM0021922 (1 ♂ SEMC) ; EL SALVADOR: San Salvador : San Salvador [13.69°, -89.19°], 5.ix.[19]64, J. Quezada leg. (3 ♂, 3 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality and collector, 25.iii.[19]65 (1 ♂ AMNH; 2 ♂ NMNH) ; same locality and collector, 5.iv.[19]65 (2 ♂ NMNH) ; University of El Salvador [13.71°, - 89.20°], 700m, 14.xii.[19]64, rotten papaya, M. Irwin leg., TTU-Z71412 (1 ♂ TTUZ) ; FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne [4.93°, -52.32°], Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♀ NHMD) ; unknown locality, Kraatz coll. (1 ♀ SDEI) ; GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz: Chacoj , Champion leg. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; Chiacam [15.56°, -90.12°], Champion leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Senahú [15.41°, -89.82°], Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♂ NHMD) ; Izabal: Las Escobas [15.683°, -88.633°], 14.xii.1986 (1 ♀ CNC) ; Petén: Parque Nacional El Rosario [16.524°, -90.157°], 140m, 23.xi.2016, under recent fermenting bark, Z. Falin leg., SEMC1563269, SEMC1563270, SEMC1563271, SEMC1563268 (3 ♂, 1 ♀ SEMC) ; Suchitepequez: Pataleón [14.44°, -91.47°], 518m, Champion leg. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; unknown department: unknown locality, M. Cameron coll. (2 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; unknown locality, Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975889 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality, Conradt leg., Kraatz coll. (1 ♀ SDEI) ; Quatzaltenango: Las Mercedes [14.72°, -91.76°], 914m, Champion leg. (6 ♂, 2♀ NHMUK) ; HONDURAS: Atlantida: Finca Ulua [15.914°, -87.720°], 22.iii.1993, under rotten bananas, D. Ganaway leg., LSAM0110417 (1 ♂ UTCI) ; Yoro: Olanchito [15.483°, -86.583°], 28.ii.1949, E. Becker leg. (2 ♂, 1♀ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 9.xi.1948 (1 ♂ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 29.xi.1948 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 17.iii.1949 (1 ♂ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 16.iii.1949 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 9.iii.1949 (2 ♂ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 19.v.1949 (2 ♀ CNC) ; same locality and collector, 20.vii.1949 (1 ♀ CNC) ; MEXICO: Chiapas: Ocosingo Rd , 76km S. Palenque [16.33°, - 91.98°], 5–29.vii.1983, S. Peck & R. Anderson leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Oaxaca: Oaxaca [17.07°, -96.72°], Höge leg. (3 ♂, 5 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality and collector, FMNHINS3975892 (1 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Veracruz: Córdoba [18.894°, -96.934°], Salle coll. (2 ♂ NHMUK) ; same locality, A. Fenyes leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975334 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Dos Amates [18.49°, -95.05°], 15.viii.1990, under bark of hardwood log, J. Frank & J. Navarrete-Heredia leg., UTCI000003898 (1 ♂ UTCI) ; Lake Catemaco [18.421°, -95.115°], 8–16.viii.1960, H. Howden leg. (2 ♂ CNC) ; Los Tuxtlas Biological Station [18.532°, -95.162°], 1.vii–1.viii.1983, ravine rainforest FIT, S. J. Peck leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Orizaba [18.85°, -97.1°], 1871, Bilimek leg. (1 ♀ NMW) ; 1.7km N. Teocelo [19.383°, -96.966°], 1128m, 22–24.vii.1973, on rotting fruit, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS3975295, FMNHINS3975297, FMNHINS3975298, FMNHINS3975299, FMNHINS3975300, FMNHINS3975301, FMNHINS3975911, FMNHINS3975907, FMNHINS3975296, FMNHINS3975908, FMNHINS3975909, FMNHINS3975910, FMNHINS3975294 (8 ♂, 5 ♀ FMNH) ; Xalapa [19.54°, -96.93°], Höge leg. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; unknown state: unknown locality (2 ♂, 6 ♀ NHMUK; 1 ♂ FMNH; 2 ♂ MCZ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀ SDEI; 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ZMHB) ; NICARAGUA: Chontales: unknown locality, Sharp coll., FMNHINS3975891 (2 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK; 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Estelí: 5mi N. Estelí [13.08°, -86.35°], 22.vii.[19]65, under bark, A. Raske leg. (1 ♂, 3♀ CNC) ; unknown department: unknown locality (1 ♀ NMW) ; PANAMA: Bocas del Toro: Almirante [9.3°, -82.4°], 30.iii.1959, H. Dybas leg., FMNHINS3975306 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Chiriquí: Bugaba [8.48°, -82.62°], Champion leg., FMNHINS3975893 (1 ♂ FMNH; 10 ♂, 8 ♀ NHMUK; 1 ♂ ZMHB) ; Puerto Armuelles [8.283°, -82.866°], Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975904, FMNHINS3975905 (2 ♀ FMNH) ; Volcán de Chiriquí [8.808°, -82.542°], 610–914m, Champion leg. (1 ♂ NHMUK) ; Colón: Ciricito [9.03°, -80.08°], 27.viii.[19]31, Blackwelder coll. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality, 13.iii.[19]30, Blackwelder coll. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Darién: Santa Fe [8.656°, -78.148°], 6.vi.[19]67, D. Delong & C. Triplehorn leg., FMNHINS3975319, FMNHINS3975318, FMNHINS3975317 (2 ♂, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Panama: Barro Colorado Is. [9.15°, -79.85°], 26.viii.1978, fermenting bark, Q. Wheeler leg., FMNHINS3975329 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 16 – 22.ii.1976, under bark fermenting, A. Newton leg., FMNHINS3975309, FMNHINS3975307, FMNHINS3975308 (1 ♂, 2 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 4.i.1959, H. Dybas leg., FMNHINS3975330 (1 ♂ FMNH; 1 ♀ NHMD) ; same locality, 1.viii.1924, D. Banks leg. (1 ♂ MCZ) ; Fort Kobbe [8.9°, -79.583°], 28.x.[19]78, H. Stockwell leg., SM0080031 (1 ♂ SEMC) ; Madden Forest [9.1°, -79.616°], 15.x.[19]69, under bark, H. Stockwell leg., SM0080032 (1 ♂ SEMC) ; Parque Soberanía, old plantation trail km3.5 [9.07°, -79.65°], 150m, 4.vii.1995, A. Gillogly leg., SM0018874 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Parque Soberanía, 2.5km N. of summit, Plantation Rd. km0–2 [9.07°, -79.65°], 30.ix.2010, beating, L. Sekerka leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; PERU: Amazonas: Rio Santiago [-3.983°, -78.116°], 18.i.[19]24, H. Bassler coll. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Cuzco: Consuelo, Manu Rd. , km165 [-13.1°, -71.6°], 2.x.1982, litter under crown of felled tree, E Watrous & G. Mazurek leg., FMNHINS3975305, FMNHINS3975327 (2 ♂ FMNH) ; Marcapata [-13.589°, -70.976°], Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975311 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Huánuco: Tingo Maria [-9.29°, -75.99°], 25.vi.–5.vii.1937, F. Woytkowski leg., SM0079973 (1 ♂ SEMC) ; Junín: Chanchamayo [-11.00°, -75.25°], Sharp coll. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; 11km NE. Puerto Ocopa, Los Olivos [-11.05°, -74.258°], 200m, 24–26.iii.2009, FIT, A Petrov leg. (1 ♀ NHMO) ; Satipo [-11.25°, - 74.63°], x.[19]39, F. Schade leg., Blackwelder coll. (1 ♂ AMNH) ; Loreto: Allpahuayo-Mishana National Park, 20km S. of Iquitos [-3.978°, -73.424°], 100 – 200m, 4.ix.2017, sifting compost/fruits in rainforest, A. Hansen, J. Kypke & A. Solodovnikov leg. (1 ♂ MHN-UNMSM) ; middle Rio Ucayali [-7.26°, -75.08°], 30.i.[19]27, Bassler coll. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Madre de Dios: Amazonas Lodge, N. Atalaya [-12.870°, -71.376°], 480m, 10 – 13.xi.2007, FIT, D. Brzoska leg., SEMC0870088 (1 ♂ SMEC) ; Tambopata, 15km NE. Puerto Maldonaldo [-12.446°, -69.208°], 200m, 12.vi.1989, J. Ashe & R. Leschen leg., SM0079975, SM0079974, SM0079976 (1 ♂, 2 ♀ SEMC) ; unknown department: unknown locality, Bang-Haas leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975885 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality, Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975336 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality, Klima coll. (1 ♀ NMW) ; unknown locality, Kraatz coll. (1 ♂ SDEI) ; unknown locality, Thamm leg. (2 ♀ ZMHB) ; VENEZUELA: Aragua: Cuyagua , 10km E. Ocumare [10.48°, -67.7°], 20.ii.[19]71, cacao pod litter, S. Peck leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; same locality, 20.ii.1971, H. & A. Howden leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Capital District: Caracas [10.48°, -66.90°], Sharp Coll. (1 ♂, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality (2 ♀ NHMD) ; Miranda: Cafetal [10.466°, -66.833°], v.1922, L. Reynold leg., Psota coll., FMNHINS3975333, FMNHINS3975337 (2 ♀ FMNH) .

Diagnosis. Xanthopygus cognatus can be easily distinguished from all other species of Xanthopygus due to the bright orange band posteriorly on abdominal segment 6. Other diagnostic characters include (in combination): antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence, subquadrate; mandibles curved from apical half; eyes as long as 1/3–2/5 length of head; head and pronotum with medium to large size punctures (see Fig. 8); pronotum with 1–2 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median line; abdominal segments 4–6 with iridescent overtones under light; abdominal segment 7 orange; males without porose structure on sternite 7; and aedeagus with median lobe lacking subapical tooth.

Description. Forebody length 6.0– 9.1mm; HW/HL ratio = 1.32. Antennomere 3 subequal to 2; antennomere 4 subquadrate, with tomentose pubescence; antennomere 6 transverse. Mandibles curved from apical half. Eyes as long as 1/3–2/5 length of head; head appearing convex. Head and pronotum with medium to large size punctures; pronotum with 1–2 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median line; pronotum microsculpture with transverse lines. PW/PL ratio = 1.06. Mesoventrite with intercoxal process broad and pointed. Metacoxae with more than four spines (five or six) on posterior surface. EL/PL ratio = 1.2. Abdominal segments 4–6 with iridescent overtones; segment 6 with distinct bright band of orange coloration posteriorly; tergite 6 densely punctate; sternite 6 with single anterior transverse line; segment 7 orange. In males, sternite 7 without porose structure; sternite 8 with shallow Ushaped emargination posteriorly. Aedeagus as in Figs. 11–13 ; in dorsal view paramere converging to rounded apex; paramere much shorter and narrower than median lobe; in lateral view paramere almost straight; paramere with peg setae as in Fig. 13 . Median lobe in dorsal view converging to rounded apex; median lobe without subapical tooth; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower near apex.

Distribution. Known from Belize, Bolivia, the states of Amazonas and Pará in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. The map is shown in Fig. 14 and online at https://www.simplemappr.net/map/16395.

FIGURESS 7–10. Xanthopygus cognatus Sharp. 7. Habitus photograph. 8. Pronotum. 9. Sternites 6–8. 10. Antenna. Not to scale.

Habitat. Collected in lowland and cloud tropical rainforests (elevations 5–1800m) using flight intercept and malaise traps, as well as shifting litter near streams, under felled trees or compost/fruits/cacao pods. Also hand collected from dead spider monkey, rotting palm trunk, under bark, carrion, fermenting stump pulp, rotten papaya, under rotten bananas or by fogging rotting sap flow.

Remarks. The larva and other immature stages of X. cognatus were described by Quezada et al. (1969) along with details on the biology of that species. The life cycle was estimated at 20 days (egg to adult) under laboratory settings ( Quezada et al. 1969).

Figures

FIGURE 14. Distribution map of X. cognatus Sharp (squares) and X. pexus (Motschulsky) (circles).

FIGURES 11–13. Aedeagus of X. cognatus Sharp. 11. Dorsal view. 12. Lateral view. 13. Detail of paramere, ventral view.