Anthoceros punctatus, Linnaeus (1753:, 1139

Peng, Tao & Zhu, Rui-Liang, 2013, A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China, Phytotaxa 100 (1), pp. 21-35 : 28-30

Anthoceros punctatus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1139. 1753.

= Anthoceros crispulus (Mont.) Douin, Rev. Bryol. 32: 27. 1905. (fide Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 2005).

For further synonyms, see Proskauer (1958).

Description: — Hasegawa (1984); Asthana & Srivastava (1991).

Selected Illustrations: — Hasegawa (1984, p. 255, figs. 5), Proskauer (1958, p. 1308, figs. 510).

Anthoceros punctatus ( Fig. 4 ) is the most common species of Anthoceros in China. The main features include 1) thalli usually in rosettes, monoicous, up to 1.7 cm in diam, with dense complicate lamellae ( Fig. 4 A, B ), 2) spores reticulate over distal and proximal faces, proximal surfaces foveate-reticulate, without spines ( Fig. 4 J ), trilete mark distinctly ridged often reaching to the periphery ( Fig. 4 J ), and distal surfaces spinulate and reticulate, combined at base and apically bifurcated spinulate on the knots of reticulation ( Fig. 4 K ), and 3) antheridia body 58–72 × 101–158 µm, stalk 19–20 × 40–93 µm ( Fig. 4 E ).

Anthoceros punctatus is morphologically similar to A. agrestis except that the latter has smaller mature thalli (0.6–1.5 cm in diameter in A. agrestis ; up to 1.7 cm in diameter in A. punctatus ) and antheridia (body 45–56 × 56–88 µm, stalk 8–20 × 20–48 µm in A. agrestis ; body 58–72 × 101–158 µm, stalk 19–20 × 40–93 µm in A. puntatus ) ( Paton 1979).

Habitat:— Mostly on soil, rarely on wet rock at 100–2795 m in China.

Distribution:— China [Anhui ( So 1996), Fujian, Guangdong ( So 1996), Guizhou, Heilongjiang ( Piippo 1990; Gao & Wu 2010), Hong Kong, Hubei ( Zhao et al. 2002; Xiong & Yang 2006 as Authoceros (sic) punctatus ), Jiangsu ( Zhang & Lai 1993), Jiangxi ( Li & Ji 1991 as A. crispulus ; Ji 1993 as A. crispulus ; Ji 1994 as A. crispulus ; Fang et al. 1998; Ji et al. 2001), Jilin ( Piippo 1990; Gao & Wu 2010), Liaoning ( Piippo 1990), Shaanxi, Shanghai ( Zhang & Lai 1993), Taiwan ( Piippo 1990; Hasegawa 1993b; So 1995; Lin 2000; Gao & Wu 2010), Yunnan, Zhejiang], India, Japan, Indonesia Java, Europe, Nepal, North America, South America ( Hasegawa 1984).

Representative specimens examined:— CHINA. Fujian: Dehua Co., Daiyunshan Nature Reserve, Nancheng Town , beside the field, on soil, 319 m, 25°37.646'N, 118°23.148'E, 4 April 2010, R.- L . Zhu et al. 20100404-22 ( HSNU); Guizhou: Libo Co., Maolan National Nature Reserve, Laqiaozhai , Hydrology Monitoring Point , low-lying land, on soil, 638 m, 25°18.001'N, 107°17.965'E, 22 February 2011, T . Peng 20110222-1, 20110222-3, 20110222-6 ( HSNU), Liangzaixin , low-lying land, on soil, 725 m, 25°16.976'N, 107°56.689'E, 20 February 2011, T . Peng 20110220-10, 20110220-11, 20110220-37 C ( HSNU); Shaanxi: Chenggu Co., Tianming Village, Jiuba , on rock by ditch, 570 m, 30 March 1990, M .- X. Zhang & M . Wang 2614 ( XBGH); Hong Kong: Lantau Island , near the Dankness Channel, 4 March 1988, C.- H . Gao 27197 ( SHM); Yunnan: Gongshan Co., Cikai town, Jishudi Village , Service Station of the village, behind the mountain, on sandy soil, 1568 m, 27°45.386'N, 98°39.523'E, 20 May 2011, T . Peng & J . Wang 20110520-25, 20110520-26 B ( HSNU), Cikai North Road , on soil, 1515 m, 27°44.962'N, 98°39.872'E, 20 May 2011, T . Peng & J . Wang 20110520-10 C , 20110520-13 B ( HSNU), Menghai Co., Jiangbian , on dry branch, 24 February 1979, G.- C . Zhang & T . Cao 14504 ( IFP); Zhejiang: Dongyang City, Qianxiang Town, Sanbao Village , on rock with a thin layer of soil, 1 May 2011, J . Wang 20110501-1 B ( HSNU), Zhoushan City, Putuoshan, near the Damiaoqian , 200 m, 12 May 1979, D.- K . Li & C.- H Gao 6989 ( SHM), from Fayu Temple to Foding , 100 m, 14 May 1979, D.- K . Li & C.- H Gao 07035 ( SHM), Shengzhou City, Guimen , Jiexi, Shijing, Zhuyuwankou, on soil in farmland, 2 June 2005, R.- L . Zhu 20050602-1 ( HSNU), Linan Co., Xitianmushan Nature Reserve , 8 May 1991, R.- L . Zhu 91037 ( HSNU) . NEPAL. Taplejung District : Ridge NE of Gupha Pokhari, mixed Rhododendron forest, on rocky bank by path, 2795 m, 27°17ʹN, 87°32ʹE, 25 October 1991, D. G . Long 21553 ( E) .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Anthoceros punctatus L. A. Thalli with immature light green sporophytes. B. Dorsal lamellae on thallus. C. Transverse section of thallus showing large mucilage cavities. D. Nostoc colony within ventral thallus in transverse section. E. Transverse section of thallus showing one antheridial cavity with four antheridia (arrow). F. Transverse section of a young sporophyte with a central columella (C), single-layered sporogenous tissue (ST), four-layers of assimilative cells (AC) and non-photosynthetic epidermis (E). G. Dorsal thallus epidermis with a single chloroplast. H. Thin-walled epidermis of capsule with stomata. I. Three-celled pseudoelater, showing thin-walls and irregular thickenings. J. SEM micrograph showing proximal spore face with distinct trilete mark and reticulations (foveate-reticulate). K. SEM micrograph showing distal spore face which is spinulate and reticulate with bold spinulate ridges, spines subacute at apex with rounded heads, occasionally bifurcating. L. SEM micrograph showing spores and pseudoelaters. A–I from T. Peng 20110220-11 (HSNU), J–L from D.-K. Li & C.-H. Gao 07035 (SHM). Scale bars: A=2 mm; B=1 mm; C=100 µm; D=200 µm; E–H=50 µm; I, L=20 µm; J, K=10 µm.