Julus dagestanus, Evsyukov & Golovatch & Reip, 2018

Evsyukov, Aleksandr, Golovatch, Sergei & Reip, Hans S., 2018, The millipede genus Julus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), Zootaxa 4461 (1), pp. 89-117 : 109-112

Julus dagestanus sp. n.

Figs 1G , 2H , 3S , 7C , 13A–C , 14H , 16H , 18D , Map 2

Material examined. Holotype male (ZMUM), Russia, Dagestan, Kazbek Distr., Dylym, Fagus and Carpinus forest, 19.VII.1986, leg. Khadjialiev. Paratypes: 1 fragmented male, 8 females (ZMUM), same data as holotype; 1

male ( ZMUM), same data as holotype (a slide with antennae, gnathochilarium, male leg-pairs 1 and 2, and gonopods).

Diagnosis. Based on the gonopodal conformation, this new species seems to be especially similar to J. jedryczkowskii and J. lindholmi , but it differs from all cogeners primarily by the structure of the promere and the shape of the lateral outgrowth on the opisthomere. Each flagellum (fl) of gonopodal promere with a spike-like outgrowth and a small lamina in distal part ( Fig. 13A ). Promere (pr) wide, with two narrow lamellae, one apical (la1) and the other basal (la2) ( Fig. 13B ). Mesomere (ms) bifurcate at apex; op rounded at apex; op with pointed lateral outgrowth (lo) ( Figs 13C , 14H ). Striations on metazonae regular, shallow and smooth ( Fig. 16H ). Ampullae of female vulvae different in shape: ampulla 1 (am1) elongated, ampulla 2 (am2) rounded. Coxal process of legpair 2 (l2) in female narrow and rounded ( Fig. 18D ).

Derivation nominis. To emphasize Dagestan, the terra typica; adjective.

Description. Length 38–45 mm, width 1.7–2.3 mm (females), or length 38 mm, width 1.5 mm (male). Body segment formula: 50+2+T (male); 50+1+T, 44+1+T, 47+1+T, 49+1+T, 48+1+T (females). Body dark brown, lighter on ventral side; antennae and anal valves greyish brown; legs brownish yellow; eyes black.

Eye patches subtriangular, each composed of ca 40 ocelli. Epicranial setae 1+1, supralabral setae 2+2, labral setae 8+8. Genae unmodified. Antennae slender, in situ reaching back to segment 4. Antennomeres 5 and 6 each with a distal corolla of sensory bacilliform sensilla ( Fig. 1G ).

Each lamella lingualis with two long frontal and ca 10 central setae. A paramedian pair of pronounced bolsters with a group of ca 15 setae per group parabasally, below mentum ( Fig. 2H ).

Body subcylindrical and slender. Male segments 6 and 7 stouter than others. Ventral edge of male segment 7 with small curved lamellae bordering the gonopodal aperture. Suture dividing pro- and metazona distinctly constricting both. Ozopores small, lying behind suture, not touching it. Prozonae smooth, without striae. Metazonae with striations reaching the hind margin, ca 20 striae per approximate dorsal quarter of metazonital surface, i.e. between dorsal axial line and ozopore. Striations on metazonae regular, shallow and smooth ( Fig. 16H ). A whorl of sparse, thin, short setae at hind edge of metazonae, setae gradually growing denser and somewhat longer towards telson. Telson with sparse long setae on epiproct, the latter with a small, apical, claw-shaped projection directed caudad. Anal valves convex, densely setose.

MALE. Pregonopodal legs more incrassate than postgonopodal ones. Segments 6 and 7 stouter than others. Ventral edge of segment 7 with small curved lamellae bordering the gonopodal aperture. Leg-pair 1 ( Fig. 3S ) subtriangular. Suture between coxa (cx) and a 1-segmented telopodite remnant (te) weakly expressed; te with a group of thin setae. Leg-pair 2 ( Fig. 7C ) with two pairs of coxal processes. Anterolateral process (alp) relatively long and slender. Main process (mp) long and straight.

All three parts of each gonopod ( Fig. 13C ) forming a tight block. Promere (pr) higher than opisthomere (op), flagella (fl) well-developed ( Fig. 13A ); pr wide, with an apical lamella (la1) and a basal (la2) narrow one ( Fig. 13B ); fl with a spike-like outgrowth and a small lamina in distal part ( Fig. 13A ). Mesomere (ms) bifurcate at apex; op rounded at apex; op with pointed lateral outgrowth (lo) ( Figs 13C , 14H ).

FEMALE. Suture between pro- and metazonae well-developed. Prozonae without striae, metazonae densely striate. Ocelli ca 40 per eye patch. Epicranial setae 1+1, supralabral setae 2+2, labral setae 8+8. First two leg-pairs incrassate.

Vulva (vu) wide, operculum (op) M-shaped, bursa (bu) with pointed lateral processes. Ampullae relatively large; ampulla 1 (am1) elongated, ampulla 2 (am2) rounded. Coxal process of leg-pair 2 (l2) rounded at apex, with one seta ( Fig. 18D ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Antennae in Caucasian species of Julus, lateral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. dagestanus sp. n. H: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 2. Gnathochilaria in Caucasian species of Julus, ventral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. I: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 3. Male legs 1 in Julus alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016 (A), J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936 (B–D), J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981 (E–F), J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921 (G–I), J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910 (J–M), J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 (N– P), J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (Q–R), J. dagestanus sp. n. (S) and J. khostensis sp. n. (T). A: from the Rostov-on-Don Region. B: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. C: from Sakhrai, Adygea Republic. D: syntype from Gagry, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). E: from North Ossetia. F: paratype from North Ossetia, after Golovatch (1981). G: from Maikop, Adygea Republic. H: from Pskhu, Abkhazia. I: from Aksaut, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, after Lohmander (1936). J: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. K: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. L: from Mestia, Svanetia, Georgia. M: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. N: from Svanetia, Georgia. O: from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. P: holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). Q: from North Ossetia. R: syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936). S: holotype from Dagestan. T: holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province. Oral views B–O; caudal views A, P. Abbreviations: cx, coxa; te, telopodite remnant. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A–C, E, G, H, J–O, Q, S, T), 0.2 mm (F), not to scale (D, I, P, R).

FIGURE 7. Male legs 2 in Julus subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (A–B), J. dagestanus sp. n. (C) and J. khostensis sp. n. (D). A: from North Ossetia. B: syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936). C: holotype from Dagestan. D: holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province. Oral views A, C, D; lateral view B. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of coxa 2; mp, main process of coxa 2; p, penes. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 13. Male gonopods in Julus dagestanus sp. n. (A–C holotype from Dagestan) and J. khostensis sp. n. (D–E holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province). A: promere with flagellum, mesal view. B: promere, caudal view. C: left gonopods, lateral view. D: promere with flagella, caudal view. E: right gonopods, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; la, lamella on promere; la1 and la2, lamella 1 and lamella 2 on promere; lo, lateral outgrowth of opisthomere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere; pr, promere.

FIGURE 14. Mesomere and opisthomere in Caucasian species of Julus, oral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; lo, lateral outgrowth of opisthomere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere.

FIGURE 16. Striation on metazonites in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. I: J. khostensis sp. n. Pictures taken not to scale.

FIGURE 18. Female vulvae and legs 2 in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. B: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. C: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. D: J. dagestanus sp. n. Abbreviations: vu, vulva; op, operculum; bu, bursa; am1 and am2, ampulla 1 and ampulla 2; l2, coxa and prefemur of leg 2. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.