Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston)

Talamas, Elijah J., Johnson, Norman F. & Buffington, Matthew, 2015, Key to Nearctic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), natural enemies of native and invasive stink bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 43, pp. 45-110 : 60

Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston)

Figures 30 , 31 , 35-37

Telenomus Maderensis Wollaston, 1858: 25 (original description, synonymized by Nixon (1935)).

Telenomus basalis Wollaston, 1858: 25 (original description); Kieffer 1926: 39 (description).

Telenomus megacephalus Ashmead, 1894: 203, 212 (original description, synonymized by Nixon (1935)); Ashmead 1896: 790 (keyed); Ashmead 1900: 326 (distribution); Nixon 1935: 100 (junior synonym of Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston)).

Telenomus megalocephalus Schulz: Schulz 1906: 152 (emendation).

Telenomus piceipes Dodd, 1920: 354 (original description, synonymized by Nixon (1935)); Nixon 1935: 100 (junior synonym of Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston)).

Liophanurus megacephalus (Ashmead): Kieffer 1926: 65, 76 (description, generic transfer, keyed).

Telenomus maderensis Wollaston: Kieffer 1926: 39 (description); Nixon 1935: 100 (junior synonym of Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston)).

Microphanurus basalis (Wollaston): Nixon 1935: 96, 100 (description, generic transfer, synonymy, keyed); Nixon 1943: 138 (keyed); Risbec 1950: 570, 571 (variation, keyed).

Asolcus basalis (Wollaston): Delucchi 1961: 44, 57 (description, keyed); Voegelé 1962: 155 (variation, diagnosis); Voegelé 1964: 28 (keyed); Voegelé 1965: 96, 108 (variation, diagnosis, keyed); Voegelé 1969: 151 (keyed).

Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston): Masner 1965: 125 (type information, generic transfer); Safavi 1968: 415 (keyed); Fabritius 1972: 31 (keyed); Kozlov and Lê 1977: 516 (keyed); Kozlov 1978: 637 (description); Kozlov and Kononova 1983: 121 (description); Graham 1984: 100 (variation); Johnson 1985b: 432, 434 (description, keyed); Johnson 1991: 212, 213, 214, 216 (diagnosis, keyed); Ghahari, Buhl and Kocak 2011: 594 (listed); Mao, Valerio, Austin, Dowton and Johnson 2012: 194 (presentation of mitochondrial genome, phylogenetic position); Fusu, Bin and Popovici 2013: 263 (description of chromosomes).

Trissolcus maderensis (Wollaston): Masner 1965: 126 (type information, generic transfer).

Trissolcus piceipes (Dodd): Masner 1965: 127 (type information, generic transfer).

Trissolcus megacephalus (Ashmead): Johnson 1983: 448 (type information).

Lectotype designation.

Masner (1965) did not mention the type status of the specimen labeled "Type H.T." in his treatment of the types in BMNH, and Johnson (1985) referred to this specimen of the holotype, although it was originally part of a syntype series. Consequently, a lectotype was not actually designated for T. basalis . We here designate the specimen mentioned by Masner (1965) (B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.304) as the lectotype of this species.

Diagnosis.

Within the New World species of the Trissolcus basalis group, the combination of the broadly rounded vertex, wide gena, and rugose T2 is found only in T. basalis and T. utahensis . Trissolcus basalis may be distinguished by its coriaceous mesoscutellum, incomplete netrion sulcus and weakly developed episternal foveae. Trissolcus basalis may be dark in color, but typically can be distinguished by the yellow scape (sharply contrasting in color with the dark radicle) and abruptly bicolored antennae.

Link to distribution map.

[http://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=3189]

Associations.

Emerged from egg of Aelia Fabricius: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Aelia cognata Fieber: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Aelia germari Küster: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Agonoscelis rutila (Fabricius): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Asopinae Spinola: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Calidea Laporte: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Scutelleridae ]; emerged from egg of Calidea dregeii Germar: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Scutelleridae ]; emerged from egg of Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Coleotichus blackburniae : [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Scutelleridae ]; emerged from egg of Cuspicona simplex Walker: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Dolicoris baccharum (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Eurydema ornata (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Eurygaster austriaca (Schrank): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Scutelleridae ]; emerged from egg of Eurygaster integriceps Puton: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Scutelleridae ]; emerged from egg of Euschistus Dallas: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; solitary egg parasitoid of Euschistus servus (Say): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; solitary egg parasitoid of Euthyrhynchus floridanus (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Graphosoma semipunctata (Fabricius): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Halyomorpha annulicornis (Signoret): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Nezara Amyot & Serville: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; solitary egg parasitoid of Nezara Amyot & Serville: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; egg parasite of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from Nezara viridula (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; parasite of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; solitary egg parasitoid of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; solitary egg parasitoid of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Odontotarsus grammicus (Linnaeus): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Scutelleridae ]; egg ectoparasite of Oechalia Stål: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Oechalia schellenbergi Guérin-Méneville: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Pentatomidae : [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; solitary egg parasitoid of Pentatomidae : [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Piezodorus hybneri (Gmelin): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Plautia affinis (Dallas): [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; emerged from egg of Raphigaster Laporte: [ Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Pentatomoidea : Pentatomidae ]; collected on Solanum nigrum L.: [ Solanales : Solanaceae ]; collected on bokhara: [ Fabales : Fabaceae ]; collected on buchan: [ Capparales : Brassicaceae ]; collected on cotton: [ Malvales : Malvaceae ]; collected on hore: [ Lamiales : Lamiaceae ]; collected on mint: [ Lamiales : Lamiaceae ]; collected on mung: [ Fabales : Fabaceae ]; collected in drilled soybean: [ Fabales : Fabaceae ]; collected on soybean: [ Fabales : Fabaceae ]

Material examined.

Lectotype, female, T. basalis : PORTUGAL: Madeira Reg. Autó., Madeira Island, VII-1855, Wollaston, B.M. TYPE HYM. 9.304 (deposited in BMNH). Holotype, female, T. megacephalus : SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Saint Vincent Island, no date, H. H. Smith, USNM Type No. 2525 (deposited in USNM). Other material: (58 females, 15 males, 393 sex unrecorded) AUSTRALIA: 8 females, 4 males, 149 sex unrecorded, ANIC DB 32-020991, 32-020992, 32-020993, 32-020994, 32-020996-32-020999 (ANIC); OSUC 17738 (BMNH); OSUC 75398-75424 (OSUC); OSUC 145814, 78027-78147 (QDPC); USNMENT00872088, USNMENT00872089, USNMENT00872090, USNMENT00903007 (USNM). BRAZIL: 67 sex unrecorded, OSUC 75299-75365 (OSUC). CHINA: 10 sex unrecorded, OSUC 75366, 75389-75397 (OSUC). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: 3 females, OSUC 182081-182083 (RMCA). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 3 sex unrecorded, OSUC 398658-398659, 398667 (CNCI). EGYPT: 2 females, 4 sex unrecorded, OSUC 144795-144796, USNMENT00872006, USNMENT00872007, USNMENT00872008, USNMENT00872009 (USNM). ERITREA: 1 female, OSUC 17736 (BMNH). FIJI: 16 sex unrecorded, OSUC 77661-77676 (BPBM). FRENCH POLYNESIA: 2 sex unrecorded, OSUC 77659-77660 (BPBM). GREECE: 1 sex unrecorded, OSUC 398669 (CNCI). IRAN: 1 sex unrecorded, OSUC 144797 (CNCI). ITALY: 2 females, 1 male, OSUC 173847-173849 (OSUC). JAMAICA: 2 sex unrecorded, OSUC 398660-398661 (CNCI). JAPAN: 1 sex unrecorded, OSUC 144391 (CNCI). MONTSERRAT: 12 sex unrecorded, OSUC 398662 (CNCI); OSUC 145281 (FSCA); OSUC 75289-75298 (OSUC). MOROCCO: 1 sex unrecorded, OSUC 17743 (BMNH). NEW CALEDONIA: 1 sex unrecorded, OSUC 77624 (BPBM). OCEANIA: 5 sex unrecorded, OSUC 77625-77628 (BPBM); OSUC 75425 (OSUC). SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: 3 sex unrecorded, OSUC 143816-143818 (LACM). SENEGAL: 1 female, OSUC 17737 (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 6 sex unrecorded, OSUC 145553, 75384-75388 (OSUC). TANZANIA: 1 sex unrecorded, OSUC 17741 (BMNH). TONGA: 31 sex unrecorded, OSUC 77629-77658 (BPBM); OSUC 75427 (OSUC). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 2 sex unrecorded, USNMENT00764950, USNMENT00764951 (USNM). TURKEY: 3 females, OSUC 17739-17740, 17742 (BMNH). UNITED STATES: 38 females, 9 males, 49 sex unrecorded, ANIC DB 32-020995 (ANIC); OSUC 398668 (CNCI); OSUC 131149-131186, 154353, 157486-157487, 157542-157549, 157563-157566, 7339, 75256-75288 (OSUC); USNMENT00872103, USNMENT00872104, USNMENT00872105, USNMENT00872106, USNMENT00872107, USNMENT00872108, USNMENT00872109 (USNM). VANUATU: 1 male, 1 sex unrecorded, ANIC DB 32-020997 (ANIC); OSUC 75426 (OSUC). ZIMBABWE: 17 sex unrecorded, OSUC 75367-75383 (OSUC).

Figures

Figures 29 - 30. 27 29 T. strabus, female (BMSB 1202), head mesosoma, metasoma, dorsolateral view 30 T. basalis, female, (USNMENT 00954022), head, mesosoma, metasoma, dorsolateral view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figures 31 - 34. 28 31 T. basalis, female (USNMENT 00954023), mesoscutellum, dorsal view 32 T. strabus, female (OSUC 523850), mesoscutellum, dorsal view 33 T. ruidus, (OSUC 76431), mesoscutellum, dorsal view 34 T. occiduus, female (OSUC 76430), mesoscutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars in millimeters.

Figures 35 - 37. 29 Trissolcus basalis 35 female (USNMENT 00903007), head, mesosoma, metasoma, lateral view 36 female (USNMENT 00872109), head and mesosoma, dorsal view 37 female (OSUC 75271), head, anterior view. Scale bars in millimeters.