Glenoleon pulchellus ( Rambur, 1842 )

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 179-184

Glenoleon pulchellus ( Rambur, 1842)

( Figs. 87–89 )

Myrmeleon pulchellus Rambur, 1842:408 (OD); Gerstaecker 1885a:25 (cit); Gerstaecker 1885b:114 (cit).

Glenurus pulchellus (Rambur) : Hagen 1866:405 (ncb); Froggatt 1902:360 (rd); Banks 1910:40 (cit).

Glenoleon pulchellus (Rambur) : Banks 1913:224 (ncb); Esben-Petersen 1915:72 (key) [as “ pulchellum ”]; Esben-Petersen 1923:586 (cit); Handschin 1935:690 (cit); Adams 1936:25 (cit); Stange 1976:306 (cat); New 1985b:33 (key, rd, ill); Lambkin 1987:12 (cit); New 1996:83 (cat); Whittington 2002:382 (cit); Stange 2004:105 (cat); Miller & Stange 2012:14 (im); Oswald 2018 (cat); Machado et al. 2019 (tree).

Diagnosis. Legs elongate; tibial spurs reaching T2 apex; forewing costal area uniareolate; hind wing with two broad dark bands; wings broad; male gonarcus/mediuncus complex tubular; male paramere positioned posterior to the gonarcus/mediuncus complex.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 29–34 mm; hind wing: 27–32 mm.

Head ( Figs. 88 a–b): Labrum brown, set with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale with brown spots in some specimens; set with elongate white setae. Frons predominantly black, except for ventrolateral corners pale; beset with white setae. Gena pale to light brown. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with a median black line, usually interrupted centrally; in dorsal view mostly black except for some pale areas around center posteriorly; set with short black setae. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate,> 3x length of pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; all segments dark-brown to black, except by three to five subapical flagellomeres pale in some specimens; torular membrane yellow; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles pale to light brown, but darker at tip. Palpi, maxillary and labial pale to light brown with distal segments generally darker, apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 88b ): Pronotum longer than wide; posterior margin wider than anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly pale with a broad black longitudinal band on midline (flanked by thinner pale longitudinal bands), margins generally black; set with short black setae, and long setae at margins. Mesonotum mostly black, with two rounded pale spots on prescutum, scutum with two small pale spots near wing bases and two thin pale longitudinal bands on each side, scutellum black with pale spots laterally or posterolaterally. Metanotum usually black with two pale longitudinal bands. Pterothoracic pleura black but with few pale areas generally between sclerites; set with elongate white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 88c ): Fairly broad with tip acute; anterior Banksian line present in both wings, posterior absent; veins set with short black setae, in general brown, except for some specimens with main longitudinal veins are intercalated by numerous short white regions. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline with brown marks generally concentrated on posterior margin, tip, pterostigma, rhegmal area, and around crossveins; in some specimens the brown areas are darker; CuA fork located between RP origin and first fork; three presectoral crossveins; some subcostal veinlets forked and irregularly linked in some specimens; posterior area narrower than prefork area. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except for two broad brown subapical bands; MP fork located between RP origin and first fork; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein, with a medial spur.

Legs ( Figs. 88 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 3.5x length of coxa); tibia slightly longer than femur but longer than tarsi; tibial spurs surpassing T2 tip; T2, T3 and T4 about same size, T1 about twice as long as T2, T5 about twice as long as T1; claws about half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, and femur set with short white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae, and scattered long black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair absent; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; colouration varies in intensity among specimens, but in general the femur dorsal surface and tip blackish, remaining areas pale, tibia blackish with two or three pale rings, T1 and base of T2 pale, remaining tarsomeres blackish. Mesoleg with same colour pattern of proleg except for a dorsal subapical yellow spot on femur. Metaleg with femur and tibia slightly longer than in other legs; femur, tibia and T5 pale except for their blackish tip; four basal tarsomeres generally pale but darker in some specimens.

Abdomen: Usually entirely black or dark brown, occasionally with irregular pale spots on tergites and sternites.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 89 a–d): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view, set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite in lateral view with posterior margin longer than anterior; in ventral view posterior margin with a shallow medial concavity; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus and mediuncus fused forming a tubular structure. Paramere located posteriorly to gonarcus/mediuncus complex; long, curved and with tip acute.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 89 e–g): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded set with long black setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, shorter than ectoproct, and set with cavisetae. 7 th sternite with distal margin elongate and covered with long black setae in lateral view. Pregenital plate large, squared shaped with dorsolateral margins elongate. Posterior gonapophyses broad, elongate, set with very long black setae and, a group of cavisetae apically. 9 th tergite with an elongate membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses a small rounded sclerotized plate, located at base of gonapophyseal plates.

Distribution ( Fig. 87 ). Australia: ACT, NSW, QLD, SA*, VIC*. Widespread and common in eastern Australia; apparently absent from western and central Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for September to April.

Biology. New (1996) stated that the larva is terrestrial and a predator. Miller and Stange (2012) reared a female from a larva collected in coarse sand at the entrance of a cave in Pilliga Nature Reserve, NSW. They did not describe the larva, but mentioned that it had a complex colour pattern and the distinctive Dendroleontinae medial tuft.

Name-bearing type. Myrmeleon pulchellus : Holotype (by explicit monotypy), male, OUMNH, high resolution images examined. Type locality: Australia (no futher locality data). From original description: “D'après un individu en assez mauvais état, venant de la Nouvelle-Hollande ” (According to one individual in poor condition, from New Holland). New Holland refers to Australia. From New (1985b): “ Australia (?Paris, not seen)”. From Tauber et al. (2019, fig. 93): “One specimen in the Hope Collection (NEUR0058, Fig. 93 ), a male, carries Rambur’s labels and is identified as a type. We consider it to be the M. pulchellus holotype (by explicit monotypy). The abdomen is damaged, and some legs are missing”.

Until recently the holotype of G. pulchellus was thought to reside in the MNHN, e.g., New (1985b), Stange (2004), and Oswald (2018), but it had never been confirmed to exist there. For this study we attempted to obtain information about this specimen from the MNHN, but the specimen was not found there (Dr. André Nel, personal communication). More recently, Tauber et al. (2019) reported on multiple specimens of G. pulchellus found in the OUMNH. One of these specimens bears labels in Rambur’s handwriting and a post-Rambur label that identifies it as a “Type” that was accessioned into the OUMNH as part of the Marchal Collection. Numerous other Rambur type specimens of neuropterous insects (in the Linnean sense) are known to have entered the OUMNH by way of the Marchal Collection, so the provenance of this specimen is consistent with its identification as the original holotype of G. pulchellus . Condition: good, antennae broken, right foreleg missing and abdomen damaged.

Additional material examined (142♂, 211♀, 8?). AUSTRALIA: 1917 (1♀, 1♂, SAMA); ACT: Black Mountain : 10.ii.1952 , L.J. Chinnick (1♀, ANIC); ii.1967 (1♂, ANIC) ; 16.i.1950 (1♀, ANIC) ; Canberra: 11.ii.1967, E. Paramonov (1♀, ANIC); 23.xi.1929 (1♂, ANIC) ; 5.ii.1951 (1♂, ANIC) ; 2.ii.1960 (2♀, 2♂, ANIC) ; 5.ii.1960 (4♀, 1♂, ANIC, 1♂, FSCA) ; 8.ii.1960 (2♀, ANIC) ; 16.ii.1960 (1♂, ANIC) ; 20.ii.1960, E.F. Riek (1♀, AMSA); 7.iii.1960 (2♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; 28.xi.1960, K.G. Sewnson (1♀, OSU); 12.xii.1960 , E.F. Riek (1♂, TAMU); 15.xii.1960 (1♀, 2♂, ANIC) ; 27.xii.1960 (2♀, ANIC) ; 29.xii.1960 (2♀, ANIC) ; 9.i.1961 (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; 12.i.1961 (1♂, ANIC) ; 23.iv.1961 (1♀, ANIC) ; 1.ii.63 (1♂, AMSA); 14.ii.1963 (1♀, ANIC) ; Cotter River Reserve : 26.xi.1977 , G. Daniels (1♀, AMSA); Mount Majura : 27.xi.1977 , G. Daniels (1♂, 1♀, AMSA); New South Wales: no label (1♂, ANIC); 22.xii.12 (1♂, ANIC); Armidale : 20.xii.1954 (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; 23.xi.1959 (1♂, ANIC) ; 11.xii.1959 (1♀, ANIC) ; xii.1960 (2♀, ANIC) ; Asquith: 21.ii.66, A.B. Rose (1♂, AMSA); Ballina: x.22, A.N. Burns (1♀, AMSA); Bank- stown: near Sydney , 16.xi.1980 , B.J. Day (1♀, AMSA); Banyabba Natural Reserve : 20.i.1971 (1♀, ANIC) ; Bay- view: 29.x.1970, L.C. Haines (1♀, AMSA); Belmont : 4.i.1947 (2♂, 1♀, MVM) ; 30.xii.1946 (1♂, MVM) ; Bend- along: 24.i.1970, G. Daniels (1♂, AMSA); Berowra: Galston Gorge near Hawkesburry R., ii.1927 , T.G. Campbell (1♀, AMSA); 6 km NE of Bilpin near Nurrajong , 2.ii.1980 N.W. Rodd (1♂, AMSA); Blue Mountains: Clarence , 8.i.1983 , N.W. Rodd (1♂, AMSA); Brindabella Range : iii.1984 (1♂, ANIC) ; Loqnet Valley School, 6.ii.1984 , at light, L.C. Haines (1♀, AMSA); Mount Tomah , 9.i.1984 , N.W. Rodd (1♀, AMSA); Braidwood : 14.i.1934 , Fuller (1♀, 1♂, ANIC); Bundeena : 12.xi.1960 (1♀, FSCA) ; Cabramatta: 10.i.1961 (1♂, FSCA) ; 1.5mi N of Colo River, 23.x.65, G.L. Bush (1♀, TAMU); Como : 7.i.1911, Waterhouse coll. (1♀, ANIC) ; 18.i.1933 (1♀, MVM) ; 5.ii.1922 (1♀, MVM) ; Conjola: 26.xii.1950 (1♂, MVM) ; Coonabarabran : 2.xii.1974 (1♂, ANIC) ; Cuttler’s Pass: William’s river , 10.i.1943 , A. Musgrave (1♀, AMSA); Deriah Aboriginal Area : 23 km E of Narrabri, - 30.345 S– 150.014 E, 10.xi.2009 , Ooline, light, D.R. Britton, J. Recsei (1♀, AMSA); Ebenezer : xii.1996 (1♀, ANIC) ; Hazelbrook, 1984, M. Dingley (2♂, 1♀, AMSA); i.1985 , light (1♂, AMSA); Elanora Heights : xi.1986 , T. Robinson (1♀, AMSA); Elizabeth Bay : 29.i.1940 , K.C. McKeown (1♀, AMSA); Engadine: near Sydney , 23.xii.1976 , R. Eastwood (1♀, AMSA); Fletcher : 29.xii.1960 (1♂, ANIC) ; Fraser Park: 2.i.1947 (1♀, MVM) ; Glenbrook: 15.1.1993, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA); 27.xii.1964 (1♀, ANIC) ; Gosford: (1♂, ANIC); Greta: 1951 (1♂, FSCA); Groose Vale : 29.x.1988 , N.W. Rodd (1♂, AMSA); Gundamain National Park : 14.ii.1926 , Mackerras (1♂, FSCA); Helensburgh : 23.i.1979 , R. Eastwood (1♀, AMSA); Hornsby : 3.i.1916 , Tillyard (1♂, ANIC); 9.3 km S of Ilford , 29.xii.1977 , G. Daniels (1♀, AMSA); Killara : 22.xii.1934 , M.F. Day (1♀, ANIC); Killarney Gap: Kaputar National Park , - 30.141 S– 150.066 E, 14.xi.2009 , Callitris & sclerophyll scrub / rocky ridge, MV Lamp, D.R. Britton, J. Recsei (1♀, AMSA); 6 km NE of Kyogle, Murwillumbah Road, 9.i, B.J. Day (1♂, AMSA); Liverpool: Heathcote Road. , 33 o 56’ S– 150 o 56’ E, 13.xii.1998 , light, B.J. & C.J.R. Day (1♂, AMSA); Loftus : 27.xii.1978 , J. Olive (1♂, AMSA); Mann River: 5 km upstream from Old Glen Innes, Grafton Road crossing, 27.xi.1977 , M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA); Mittagong (1♂, SAMA); Moonbi : 7.ii.1968 , D.H. Collens (1♀, ANIC); Mooney Mooney Creek: near Gosforo , 13.i.1977 , D.K. McAlpine (1♀, AMSA); Mount Kaputar National Park : 15.i.1978 , G. Daniels (1♀, AMSA); Mount Victoria: 4.xii.1946 (1♀, MVM) ; Nambucca: 26.x.1949 (1♀, MVM) ; Narrabeen: 18.ix.1934 (1♀, ANIC) ; Narrabri : 17.xii.1934 , M.F. Day (1♀, ANIC); xi.1997 (1♀, ANIC) ; Nepean River : x.1931 , A. Musgrave (1♂, AMSA); New- castle: Sugarloaf Mount , 2.i.1947 (1♂, MVM) ; Newport: 2.xii.57, G. Dolezal (1♀, AMSA); Pilliga Nature Reserve : 34 km N of Coonabarabran, 13.x.2005 , L.A. Stange (1♀, FSCA); Royal National Park: Goondera Ridge , 3.xii.1977 , G. & A. Daniels (1♀, AMSA); Singleton : 23.iii.1957 , E.F. Riek (1♂, ANIC); Sutton : 19.i.1979 (1♂, QMBA) ; Syd- ney: C. Gibbons (1♀, AMSA); 28.xii.1961 , D.H. Collens (1♂, ANIC); xii.1946 (1♀, MVM); (1♀, SAMA) ; Waita- ra, 23.i.1983, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA); Tomerong: Nowra district , 3mi N, 7.ii.1970 , D.K. McAlpine (1♀, AMSA); Tuggerah : xii.1904 (1♀, SAMA) ; Ulan: xi.1982 (1♂, ANIC) ; Wahroonga: 12.xii.1970, A.B. Rose (1♀, AMSA); H.J. Carter (1♀, AMSA); Wapengo : 12.i.1978 (1♀, MVM) ; Warialda: Adam’s Scrub 14.6 km S, - 29.667 S– 150.567 E, 18.xi.2009, Callitris /sclerophyll forest, MV lamp, D.R. Britton, J. Recsei (1♂, AMSA); Waste point: 8.3 km N of Jindabyne, Kosciuszko N.P., - 36.347 S– 148.606 E, 8.xii.2007 , MV lamp, D.R. Britton, D.J. Smith, P. Hinton (1♂, AMSA); Watalgan Forrest : 24.xi.1973 (1♀, ANIC) ; Wedderburr: 3 km E, 34 o 08’ S– 150 o 49’ E, 13.xii.2005, MV light, D. Britton (1♂, AMSA); Wee Jasper: 25.xii.56, E. shipp (1♂, AMSA); Wellington : 28.ix.1957 , E.F. Riek (2♂, ANIC); West Head: PiHwater , 2.i.1985 , L.C. Haines (1♂, AMSA); Whiskers : xii.1992 (1♂, ANIC) ; Queensland: (1♀, ZMHB); (1♀, SAMA); Archer River crossing: 13 o 25’S– 142 o 56’E, iv.1989 , mv lamp, G. & A. Daniels (6?, QMBA); Barankula State Forrest : 26 o 26’07’’ S– 150 o 49’31’’ E, 3–7.iv.2000 , malaise, M. Mathieson (1♀, TAMU); Bardon : x.1943 (1♀, 1♂, SAMA) ; Barrine: 10.x.1967 (2♂, ANIC) ; Blackdown Tableland: Expedi- tion Range , 17.i.1987 , M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA); Bluff Range : 16.xii.1970 (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; 9.i.1971 (2♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; Biggenden: 22–23.xi.1977 (12♀, 9♂, ANIC) ; 1.i.1972 (2♀, ANIC) ; 2.xii.1974 (1♂, ANIC) ; Biloela: 17.i.1947 (1♀, ANIC) ; Bin Bin Range: 4.xii.1974 (1♀, ANIC) ; 12.i.1972 (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; Bingera: 22.xi.1971 (1♀, ANIC) ; Bon Accord Falls: Montville, Blackall Ranges, 22.ix.55, R. Dobson (1♀, AMSA); Boolaboonda Range : 10.xi.1973 (1♀, 1♂, ANIC) ; Boompa: 4.xii.1980, H. Franca (1♂, ANIC); Bowen : 1.x.1950 , E.F. Riek (1♀, ANIC); Brisbane: (6♂, 24♀, QMBA); i.1888 (2♀, SAMA) ; xi.1965 (2♀, ANIC) ; 20.x.1900 (1♀, ANIC) ; 1903 (1♀, ZMUC); x.1911 (1♀, SAMA) ; 20.ii.27, L. Franzen (2♂, ZMUC); 19.ix.1927 (1♀, QMBA) ; 30.xii.1927 (1♀, MVM) ; 19.x.1938 (1♀, ANIC) ; 9.i.1960 (1♂, 1♀, MVM) ; 10.i.1960 (1♀, MVM) ; 24.xii.1955 (1♀, MVM) ; 27.xii.1959 (1♀, MVM) ; 2.xii.1922 (2♀, MVM) ; 29.x.1936 (1♀, MVM) ; 4.xi.1936 (1♂, MVM) ; 26.xi.1956 (1♂, MVM) ; x.1910 (1♂, 2♀, MVM) ; Moggill Farm, 23.i.1961 (1♂, FSCA) ; Bucasia: i.2003 (1♂, ANIC) ; Bundaberg: 19.xi.1978 (2♀, 3♂, ANIC) ; 22.xii.1979 (1♀, 2♂, ANIC) ; Bunya Mountains : 17.i.1955 (1♂, MVM) ; Burleigh Heads: 3.i.1956 (1♀, MVM) ; xi.1942 (1♂, MVM) ; xii.1942 (1♂, MVM) ; 10.x.1956 (1♀, MVM) ; Byfield State Forrest: x.1924, A. Musgrave (1♂, AMSA); 1.i.1976 , G. Daniels (1♀, AMSA); Carnarvon National Park : 7.xii.1938 , N. Geary (2♀, AMSA); 8.xii.1938 (1♂, AMSA) ; 12.xii.1938 (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; 5.i.1939 (1♀, AMSA) ; 8.i.1939 (1♂, AMSA) ; ii.1944 (1♀, AMSA) ; 92 air km NNW of Injune, 25.06695°S 148.24611°E ± 30m, R Machado , MV light, 25.xii.2015 , AustRM#10 (2♀, TAMU); Charleville : 27.xii.1925 (1♀, QMBA) ; Cordalba National Forrest: 30 km S of Bunda- berg, 29.xi.1979, H. frauca (1♀, ANIC); Degilbo : 9.xii.1978 (2♂, ANIC) ; Electra: 8.ii.1977 (1♂, ANIC) ; Fletcher: 12.i.1967, E. Sutton (1♂, ANIC); Forty Mile Scrub : 4.x.1989 (1♂, ANIC) ; Hayman Island : 24.x.1950 , R. Dobson (3♀, 1♂, ANIC); Herberton : 6.xii.1968 , E. Britton & S. Misko (1♂, ANIC); x.1990 (1♀, ANIC) ; 55 km NNE of Injune , 23.xi.1986 , M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA); Kinbombi falls: Goomeri , 19.xii.1976 , M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA); Kingston : xii.1981 (1♂, QMBA) ; Kuranda: (1♀, SAMA); 19.xi.1951 (1♀, MVM) ; 5.x.1949 (1♀, MVM) ; Mackay: 1905 (1♀, 1♂, ANIC); Milmerran : 14.xi.1945 (1♂, MVM) ; Montville: Bon Accord Falls , 20.ix.1955 (1♂, 1♀, MVM) ; Mount Cootha : x.1942 (1♀, SAMA) ; 16.xii.1973 (2♀, QMBA) ; Mount Garmet : i.1961 (1♂, ANIC) ; Mount Hay : 24.i.2009 (1♀, QMBA) ; Mount Moffat National Park: Mahogany Forest , 11–12.xii.1987 , M.T. Yeates (1♂, 2♀, QMBA); Mount Tamborine : 30.iii.1950 (1♂, MVM) ; 26.xii.1950 (1♀, MVM) ; Mount Tin- beerwah: 1.i.1979 (1♀, QMBA) ; Murphy’s Creek : 29.xi.1992 (1♀, QMBA) ; Noosa Heads: 1.x.1956 (1♀, MVM) ; Ravenshoe: xi.1998 (1♀, ANIC) ; Stanthorpe: 30.i.1927 (1♀, QMBA) ; 29.xii.1977 (2♂, QMBA; 1♂, ANIC) ; 9.ii.1981 (1?, QMBA) ; Stradbroke Island : 21.ix.1954 (1♀, MVM) ; Tamborine: (1♂, QMBA); Toowoomba : 11.ii.1960 (1♂, ANIC) ; Townsville: 12.xii.1908 (1♀, MVM) ; Wacol: 16.x.1952 (1♂, QMBA) ; West Burleigh: 1960, A.T. Bandsoma (1♂, AMSA); Woodridge : 2.i.1968 (1♂, MVM) ; South Australia: Aldgate: 19.iii.19309(1♀, MVM); Barossa: (1♀, SAMA); Blackwood : ii.1965 (2♀, SAMA) ; 20.i.1969 (1♀, MVM; 2♀, SAMA) ; xii.1975 (1♀, SAMA) ; Bridgewater: xii.1967 (1♀, SAMA) ; Cara Pook: i.1973 (1♂, SAMA) ; Heywood Park: xii.1958 (1♂, SAMA) ; Highbury: i.1969 (1♂, SAMA) ; Kangaroo Creek Reserve : i.1971 (1♂, SAMA) ; “Kurlge” Blackwood: xi.1957 (1♀, SAMA) ; xii.1957 (1♂, SAMA) ; i.1958 (2♀, SAMA) ; ii.1958 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mount Lofty Range : ii.1965 (1♀, SAMA) ; xii.1973 (1♂, SAMA) ; Nairne: i.1988 (1♂, SAMA) ; Location not recognized: Saunder’s Coll., iii.68 (1♀, BMNH); No label (2♀, 3♂, ANIC); Victoria: Bendigo : 5.i.1930 (1♀, MVM) ; Hurstbridge: 18.ii.1947 (1♂, MVM) ; Monbulk: 27.i.1929 (1♀, MVM) ; Nowa Nowa: 21.ii.1947 (1♂, MVM) ; Moe: 24.xii.1944

(1♂, MVM); Oakleigh: (1♂, MVM) ; Research: ii.1983 - (1♀, ANIC) ; Warrandyte: i.1988 (1♀, ANIC) ; Wartook: xii.1935 (1♀, SAMA) .

Comments. Glenoleon pulchellus is a common species in eastern Australia. Its color intensity varies considerably among specimens; some are almost completely dark, while others have many pale areas. Despite these coloration differences the species is easily recognized by the two dark bands in the apical half of the hind wing; no other species in the Periclystus genus group has this character. The long legs and pronotum, and broad wings, of this species support its close relationship with the several other species retained here in Glenoleon , and is further demonstrated by both molecular ( Machado et al. 2019) and other morphological data ( Fig. 4 ).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 87. Distribution of Glenoleon species (part).

FIGURE 88. Glenoleon pulchellus: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 89. Glenoleon pulchellus: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) 9th sternite, ventral; c) genitalia, lateral; d) genitalia, dorsal; female: e) terminalia, lateral; f) ventral margin of 7th sternite and pregenital plate, posterior; g) terminalia, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 93: Megagonoleon banksi: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.