Austrogymnocnemia mjobergi ( Esben-Petersen, 1923 ) Machado & Oswald, 2020

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 131-135

Austrogymnocnemia mjobergi ( Esben-Petersen, 1923) , new combination

( Figs. 60–62 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 61715D27-AED4-444F-A068-04A035A81054

Ceratoleon mjobergi Esben-Petersen, 1923:579 (OD); Handschin 1935:690 (cit); Stange 1976:303 (cat); New 1985b:7 (key, rd, ill.); New 1996:74 (cat); Stange 2004:101 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat); Machado et al. 2019 (tree).

Diagnosis. Antennae long; ocular setae long and black; tibial spurs absent; forewing costal area biareolate in least basal third; forewing mostly brown but with numerous hyaline areas; hind wing with a broad brown subapical band.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 18–29 mm; hind wing: 16–25 mm.

Head ( Figs. 61 a–b): Labrum brown; set with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale, with a central brown mark; and some elongate white setae. Frons black; set with few white setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; dark brown with ventral margin pale, and two posterior spots in some specimens; covered with short black setae. Ocular setae black and elongate. Antennae clubbed; elongate,> 3x length of pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; totally dark brown, with a small pale ring on basal segments in some specimens; torular membrane pale; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles mostly pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial mostly pale with irregular dark brown marks mainly on basal segments; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially

Thorax ( Fig. 61b ): Pronotum about as long as wide; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly dark brown except for four pale spots, two on posterior and two on anterior areas, in some specimens there is thin longitudinal pale line medially; beset with short black setae, and some elongate setae mainly on margins. Mesonotum dark brown, with few pale areas in some specimens: two small rounded marks on prescutum, two longitudinal lines at scutum, and posterior margin of scutellum; beset with short black setae. Metanotum dark brown, except for margin between prescutum and scutum, pale; covered with short black setae. Pterothoracic pleura dark brown with few irregular small pale areas; covered with long white setae, and some black ones on anterior segments; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Figs. 61c ): Rather narrow with tip acute; anterior and posterior Banksian lines present in both wings; veins mostly dark brown, but some veins intercalated with white spots, beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly amber with some hyaline areas: at tip, posterior margin, subcostal and mediocubital areas, and pterostigma; CuA fork located near RP origin; four to five irregular presectoral crossveins, mostly curved with transverse crossveins connecting them; most of costal area biareolate; some subcostal veinlets forked; posterior area narrower than prefork area. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline with a broad subapical brown band, pterostigma tip white; MP fork located near RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Figs. 61 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2x length of coxa); tibia slightly longer than tarsi but shorter than femur; tibial spurs absent; T3 and T4 about same size, T2 slightly longer than T3, T1 twice longer than T2, T5 about twice longer than T1; claws about half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, femur, and tibia set with short white setae and scattered long white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set with long and short black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair elongate, slightly shorter than half of femur length; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa and femur dark brown with pale areas on anterior surface, trochanter brown, tibia with anterior surface mostly dark brown with three pale spots, and posterior surface pale; tarsi dark brown. Mesoleg colour pattern similar to proleg, except for tibia, mostly dark brown with a subbasal pale spot. Metaleg with femur, tibia and T1 slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to mesoleg, except for tibia pale with dark brown tip, and tarsi pale with T5 tip dark, in some specimens the femur is mostly pale.

Abdomen: Dark brown with posterior margins of distal tergites pale; beset with short black setae, and some white setae on basal segments, mainly on sternites.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 62 a–c): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view; set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite short with posterior margin curved, in ventral view; set with very long black setae (longer than sternite). There is a small rounded membranous lobe located beneath the ectoproct. Gonarcus very broad with lateral margin rounded. Mediuncus acute in lateral view, broad and rounded in posterior view. Paramere broad with base acute and tip sclerotized in lateral view.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 62 d–e): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, much smaller than ectoproct, set with few cavisetae. 7 th sternite distal margin straight in ventral view, covered with long black setae. Pregenital plate a transverse arched bar connected medially to an upside-down triangle on distal margin. Posterior gonapophyses broad, elongate, with tip enlarged; covered with long black setae, and with some elongate cavisetae apically. 9 th Tergite with a membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 60 ). Australia: NT, QLD, WA. Widespread across northern Australia; farther south in Queensland.

Adult activity period. Records for November to March.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing type. Ceratoleon mjobergi : Holotype (by explicit monotypy), male, NHRS, high-resolution images examined. Type locality: Australia, northwestern (no further locality data). From original description: “One ♂, N. W. Australia, January (Dr. E. Mjöberg leg.). Stockholm Museum. / The specimen of this peculiar species comes from the material brought home by Dr. E. Mjöberg from his expedition to Australia, 1910-1913 ”. From New 1985: “ Holotype, ♂, ‘ N.W. Australia’, Mjoberg (Stockholm) (seen)”. Condition: good; antennae missing and right hind wing damaged.

Additional material examined (31♂, 64♀, 8?). AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Borroloola : 16:04S– 136:18E, 22.xii.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; 65 km W of Borroloola, on road to Roper Bar, near Tawal- lah Station , 13.xi.2011, MV light, K.H. & D. Marshall (2♂, TAMU) ; Cooper Creek : 19 km E Mount Borradaile, 12:06S–133:04E, 9–10.xi.1972, J.C. Cardale (3♀, AMSA) ; Daly River : (1♀, SAMA) ; Katherine : 24.xi.1978 (2?, QMBA) ; Maud Creek : 3.xii.1978 (1?, QMBA) ; Larrimah : 4.xii.1978 (1?, QMBA) ; 5 km S of Renner Springs , 18 o 21’05’’S– 133 o 48’58’’E, 260m, 26.i.2004, M. Moulds & S. Cowan (2♀, AMSA) ; Roper River crossing: 2 km W of Mataranka, 14:56S–133:04E, 11.i.1992, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) ; Tindal : 14 o 31’S– 132 o 22’E, 1-10.xii.1967, light trap, W.J.M. Vestjens (2♀, ANIC) ; Victoria River : 18 km W of Timber Creek township, 25.xii.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Waterhouse River: Mataranka Homestead, 23.xii.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Queensland: 37 km W of Alpha , 23: 37.4S– 146: 16.2E, 12.i.2002, Cooley, Cowan, Hill, Marshall & Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Archer River crossing: 60 km N of Coen, 9.i.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Archer River : roadhouse, 13 o 26’S– 142 o 56’E, 10.i.1994, G & A Daniels (1♂, 1?, QMBA) ; Bald Hills Sta- tion: near turnoff to Laura, N. of Cooktown , 3.i.1981, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Barcaldine : 10.ii.1981, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Burra Range: between Hughenden & Charters Towers, 2.ii.1981, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 12♀, AMSA) ; Carnarvon Natural Park: Rangers Station, Mount Moffat , 25 o 01’06’’S– 147 o 57’08’’E, 23–24.xii. 2005, 720 m, G & A Daniels (1♂, 1♀, QMBA) ; Chillagoe : 20.i.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Coleman River: near Musgrave Homestead , 31.xii.1993, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Dawson River : N of Injune, 14:23:02S–148:38:44E, 11.i.1999, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Hughenden : 8.xii.1978 (2?, QMBA) ; 65 km E of Hughenden , 3.ii.1981, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (4♂, 12♀, AMSA) ; 55 km NNE of Injune , 23.xi.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Isabella Creek: swamp, 12 km N of Bald Hills Station homestead., 30 km N of Cooktown, 14.ii.1982, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Laura River: near Laura (1?, QMBA) ; 30.xii.1983, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Morehead River crossing: 110 km NW of Laura, 10.i.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Mount Lamond : 4mi NE of Iron Range, 8.i.1972, mv light, D.K. McAlpine & G.A. Holloway (1♀, AMSA) ; Pine Trees Pony Stud : Wild R., 10 km E Innot Hot Springs, 29.xii.1983 – 5.i.1984, at light, D. Rugg (2♂, 2♀, QMBA) ; Western Australia: Broome : 29.xii.1985, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Rocbuck Roadhouse , 33 km E, 1.iii.1994, R. Miller & L. Stange (1♂, 1♀, FSCA) ; Dunham River : 100 km S of Wyndham, 3.i.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Durak River crossing Gibb River: road E. Kimberley , 29.xii.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) ; Great Northern Highway : 100 km SE of Derby, 31.xii.1985, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Kununurra : 7.i.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (4♂, 7♀, AMSA) ; Mary River crossing: 100 km SW of Hails Creek township, 1.i.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Pentecost River crossing: 21 km W, Gibb River road., 30.xii.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Wyndham : 7.xii.1929, T.G. Campbell (3♂, ANIC) ; 1.i.1930 (1♀, ANIC) ; Zebidee Springs: El Questo Station , E. Kimberley, 28.xii.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) .

Comments. The appearance of Austrogymnocnemia mjobergi is very different from its congeners because of its biareolate costal area and mostly dark wings membrane. See Comments for A. brevicornis and Austrogymnocnemia for more details. For phylogenetic relationships see Fig. 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 60. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part).

FIGURE 61. Austrogymnocnemia mjobergi: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 62. Austrogymnocnemia mjobergi: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; female: d) terminalia, lateral; e) 7th sternite and pregenital plate, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.