Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock)
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5357.2.4 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:57CB2073-72B0-4F1C-800E-68C5A938FCFF |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10018451 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F1287D5-FF89-D83F-78F0-FA713ADCDCB5 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) |
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Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) View in CoL
Aspidiotus rapax Comstock 1881b: 307 View in CoL .
Aspidiotus acuminatus Targioni Tozzetti 1881: 151 View in CoL .
Diaspis santali Maskell 1884: 122 View in CoL .
Aspidiotus evonymi Targioni Tozzetti 1888: 420 View in CoL .
Aspidiotus flavescens Green 1890: 21 View in CoL .
Diaspis circulata Green 1896: 4 View in CoL .
Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) rapax (Comstock) View in CoL ; Cockerell, 1897a: 30.
Aspidiotus tricolor (Green) View in CoL ; Townsend 1897: 185.
Hemiberlesia camelliae ( Signoret, 1869c) View in CoL ; Leonardi 1897a: 124.
Aspidiotus rapax evonymi (Targioni Tozzetti) View in CoL ; Cockerell 1899a: 396.
Aspidiotus lucumae Cockerell 1899b: 22 View in CoL .
Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) camelliae (Signoret) View in CoL ; Hempel 1900: 501.
Hemiberlesia argentina Leonardi 1911: 237 View in CoL .
Aspidiotus santali (Maskell) View in CoL ; Lindinger 1937: 180.
Aspidiotus argentina (Leonardi) View in CoL ; Chou 1985: 301.
Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock) View in CoL ; Ferris, 1938: 244.
Field diagnosis. Adult female scale cover semicircular or slightly oval, convex, 1.0‒2.0 mm in diameter, white with yellow to brown subcentral exuviae. Body of live adult female membranous, yellow, pyriform, 0.7‒1.0 mm long; according to Watson (2002) it can vary from 1.0‒ 1.5 mm long.
Discussion. Hemiberlesia rapax is very similar to H. lataniae in terms of the color and shape of the waxy cover, as well as shape of the adult female body; however, they can be differentiated by morphological traits already discussed above and indicated in the key.
Habits on the hosts. The scale was collected from leaves, branches, and fruits, and was found isolated or in groups. It formed small or large colonies on leaves on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces, but on branches the colonies were less abundant. Hemiberlesia rapax was also found in small or medium infestations. The species was found alone or associated with other diaspidid scales, such as Asp. nerii , Ao. aurantii , Ac. scutiformis , Chr. dictyospermi , Da. aguacatae , Diaspis near coccois , H. cyanophylli , H. diffinis and H. lataniae .
Hosts. Hemiberlesia rapax is a highly polyphagous species that affects a wide variety of plants grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, attacking members of 188 genera belonging to 79 economically important plant families, including avocado, citrus, eucalyptus, guava, peach, pear and pomegranate, among others ( Watson 2002; García Morales et al. 2016). In this study we found it attacking the avocado varieties Fuerte, Granón, Hass and Mexicano 1.
Distribution. The scale has a cosmopolitan distribution; it is known in 71 countries on five continents ( Watson 2002; García Morales et al. 2016). In México, it has been reported in the states of Baja California, Michoacán, and Oaxaca ( García Morales et al. 2016). We found it in the following states and orchards: State of México: La Cruz, La Cabaña, Cochisquila 1, Cochisquila 2, Ixtlahuaca 2, Santa Ana, Lindero, San José 2, M1Texcoco, M2Texcoco, M3Texcoco, M4Texcoco, M5Texcoco and M6Texcoco; and Puebla: La Aguacatera and La Cuesta.
Natural enemies. Among the species of natural enemies that regulate H. rapax worldwide are reported species belonging to 17 genera in seven families of hymenopteran parasitoids, including: Aphelinidae : Ablerus (3), Aphytis (8), Coccophagus (3), Encarsia (6), Marietta (2), Pteroptrix (1); Encyrtidae : Coccidencyrtus (1), Comperiella (1), Gahaniella (1), Habrolepis (1), Neococcidencyrtus (1), Pseudectroma (1); Eulophidae : Tetrastichus (1); Eupelmidae : Eupelmus (1); Pteromalidae : Scutellista (1); Signiphoridae : Signiphora (7); also a predatory mite in Hemisarcoptidae : Hemisarcoptes (1) ( García Morales et al., 2016; Noyes 2019). In the present work, we obtained 39 individuals parasitizing H. rapax ; Aphelinidae : Aphytis pinnaspidis (1F), Aph. proclia (1F, 1M), Coccobius averini (1F), Cocc. juliae (1F, 1M), Encarsia aurantii (1F), E. citrina (1F), E. gaonae (4F), E. lounsburyi (2F), Marietta mexicana (1F, 1M); Encyrtidae : Metaphycus sp. 1 (1F); and Signiphoridae : Signiphora dozieri 1M), S. falcata (3F, 1M), S. fax (4F, 1M), S. flavella (6M) and S. merceti (6F).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock)
Lázaro-Castellanos, Carlos, González-Hernández, Héctor, Nápoles, Jesús Romero-, Ortega-Arenas, Laura D., Equihua-Martínez, Armando & Ochoa-Ascencio, Salvador 2023 |
Aspidiotus argentina (Leonardi)
Chou, I. 1985: 301 |
Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock)
Ferris, G. F. 1938: 244 |
Aspidiotus santali (Maskell)
Lindinger, L. 1937: 180 |
Hemiberlesia argentina
Leonardi, G. 1911: 237 |
Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) camelliae (Signoret)
Hempel, A. 1900: 501 |
Aspidiotus rapax evonymi (Targioni Tozzetti)
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1899: 396 |
Aspidiotus lucumae
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1899: 22 |
Aspidiotus (Hemiberlesia) rapax (Comstock)
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1897: 30 |
Aspidiotus tricolor (Green)
Townsend, C. H. T. 1897: 185 |
Hemiberlesia camelliae ( Signoret, 1869c )
Leonardi, G. 1897: 124 |
Diaspis circulata
Green, E. E. 1896: 4 |
Aspidiotus flavescens
Green, E. E. 1890: 21 |
Aspidiotus evonymi
Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1888: 420 |
Diaspis santali
Maskell, W. M. 1884: 122 |
Aspidiotus rapax
Comstock, J. H. 1881: 307 |
Aspidiotus acuminatus
Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1881: 151 |