Chaoborus flavicans, , Meigen, 1830

Adamski, Zbigniew, B, Aleksandra Dzięgelewska, B, Paulina Jakubiak & B, Piotr Klimaszyk, 2023, Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae), Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (2), pp. 103-110 : 106

3.4. Morphology and anatomy of C. flavicans larvae

We did not find any significant differences between the control and tested species, in terms of their body size as well as size of their air sacs. The two pairs of air sacsthe anterior pair and the posterior one ( Figure 2 )- are clearly visible within the C. flavicans larvae. The ones that were treated with selected concentrations of the herbicide showed significant malformations, compared to the control ones: body contortions close to the air sacs, changes in their pigmentation, as well narrowing of the entire body and its darkening ( Figure 2 ).

Figures

Figure 2. Morphological malformations of C. flavicans larvae. a– control organisms. Note two pairs of air sacs (arrows) and the digestive system (arrowhead). b– magnified picture of a pair of air sacs of a control insect. Note the regular distribution of chromatophores over the sacs. c– C. flavicans larva exposed to 20 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation of the air sacs (arrow) and contortion of the body. d– C. flavicans larva exposed to 100 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation, a contortion of the body that is close to the front air sacs (arrowhead), and darkening of the body. e, f– C. flavicans larva exposed to 400 µg/L GLY. Note the disappearance of pigmentation of air sacs, and the darkening of the body.