Encarsia Förster

Schmidt, Stefan & Polaszek, Andrew, 2007, The Australian species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae), parasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae) and armoured scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea: Diaspididae), Journal of Natural History 41 (33 - 36), pp. 2099-2265 : 2102-2103

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701550766
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D3887DF-FF8C-8F5F-EA8D-FA56FDABFD43
treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-08-21 00:09:51, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-04 05:21:03)
scientific name	Encarsia Förster
status

Treatment

Genus Encarsia Förster View in CoL View at ENA

Encarsia Förster 1878, p 65 View in CoL –66. Type species: Encarsia tricolor Förster , designation by monotypy.

5 Aspidiotiphagus Howard 1894a, p 229 ; Prospalta Howard 1894b, p 6 View in CoL ; Prospaltella Ashmead 1904a, p 126 ; Encarsiella Hayat 1983, p 85 View in CoL . For a full list of generic synonyms see Schmidt and Polaszek 2007, p 85 –86.

Revisionary studies of Encarsia View in CoL for the Australian and other geographical regions: Australia: Schmidt et al. (2001); Viggiani (1985c); China: Huang and Polaszek (1998); Egypt: Polaszek et al. (1999); Europe: Ferrière (1965); India: Hayat (1989a, 1998); Israel: Rivnay and Gerling (1987); North America: Schauff et al. (1996); Russia and adjacent countries: Yasnosh (1989), Trjapitzin et al. (1996). Encarsia View in CoL parasitoids of Bemisia tabaci: Polaszek et al. (1992) View in CoL .

Diagnosis

For a full generic description of Encarsia and a discussion of morphological characters of Encarsia and closely related genera see Schmidt and Polaszek (2007). The presence of the following character states is required for a positive diagnosis of Encarsia (females): fore and hind tarsi five-segmented; antenna eight-segmented (excluding radicle); scutellum always with two pairs of setae; marginal vein longer than submarginal vein; postmarginal vein absent; stigmal vein very short, always less than one-quarter of the length of the marginal vein. The closely related Coccophagus differs from Encarsia primarily in having six or more setae on the scutellum. However, the generic circumscriptions of the coccophagine genera are currently being reassessed, as are their phylogenetic relationships (P. A. Pedata, A. Polaszek and S. Schmidt, in preparation).

References

Ashmead WH. 1904 a. New generic names in the Chalcidoidea. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 6: 126.

Ferriere C. 1965. Hymenoptera Aphelinidae d'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen 1: 1 - 206.

Forster A. 1878. Kleine Monographien parasitischer Hymenopteren. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereines der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens 35: 41 - 82.

Hayat M. 1983. The genera of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera) of the world. Systematic Entomology 8: 63 - 102.

Hayat M. 1989 a. A revision of the species of Encarsia Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from India and the adjacent countries. Oriental Insects 23: 1 - 131.

Hayat M. 1998. Aphelinidae of India (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, International 13: 1 - 416.

Howard LO. 1894 a. The hymenopterous parasites of the California red scale. Insect Life 6: 227 - 236.

Howard LO. 1894 b. Two parasites of important scale insects. Insect Life 7: 5 - 8.

Huang J, Polaszek A. 1998. A revision of the Chinese species of Encarsia Forster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): parasitoids of whiteflies, scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae, Aphidoidea). Journal of Natural History 32: 1825 - 1966.

Polaszek A, Abd-Rabou S, Huang J. 1999. The Egyptian species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) - a preliminary review. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 73 (6): 131 - 163.

Rivnay T, Gerling D. 1987. Aphelinidae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Israel, with description of three new species. Entomophaga 32: 463 - 475.

Schauff ME, Evans GA, Heraty JM. 1996. A pictorial guide to the species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitic on whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98: 1 - 35.

Schmidt S, Naumann ID, De Barro P. 2001. Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of Australia and the Pacific Islands attacking Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) - a pictorial key and descriptions of four new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 91: 369 - 387.

Schmidt S, Polaszek A. 2007. Encarsia or Encarsiella? - redefining generic limits based on morphological and molecular evidence (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae). Systematic Entomology 32: 81 - 94.

Trjapitzin VA, Myartseva SN, Yasnosh VA. 1996. Parasites of whiteflies (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent countries. Entomological Reviews 76: 51 - 74.

Viggiani G. 1985 c. Additional notes and illustrations on some species of aphelinids described by A. A. Girault and A. P. Dodd in the genera Coccophagus Westwood, Encarsia Forst. and Prospaltella Ashm. (Hym.: Chalcidoidea). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria '' Filippo Silvestri' ', Portici 42: 233 - 255.

Yasnosh VA. 1989. Species of the genus Encarsia Forster (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) - parasites of aleyrodids in the USSR. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Leningrad 191: 109 - 121.