Nacarina, Navas

Tauber, Catherine A., 2021, The New World Belonopterygini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): descriptions of a new genus and species from the West Indies and comparisons among the genera, Zootaxa 4975 (3), pp. 509-543 : 534

Nacarina ( Brooks & Barnard 1990: 175–177, Figs 179–186;

Freitas & Penny 2001: 252–256, Figs 1–7 ;

Penny

2002: 206–208, Figs 132–140;

Breitkreuz 2018: 286–290).

Size: Body usually large and stout, but some species from Brazil relatively small and delicate; wing length 16–31 mm; males smaller than females. Coloration: Yellow to cream, with or without markings on thorax, abdomen, or legs; antennal flagellum often dark basally. Wings: Not narrowed, with rounded tips; ratio of forewing length to width = 2.8–3.4: 1, without splayed crossveins; forewing and hindwing without markings, veins mostly pale. Tarsal claws: Basal dilation absent or small. Abdomen: Setae numerous, short, stout. Male: Dorsal apodeme of T9+e with basal section extending anteroventrally from behind callus cerci to or almost to end of T9+e (See Freitas & Penny 2001: Figs 4D , 5D , 7A ); S8+9 fused with prominent suture or no suture; microtholi present or absent; gonarcal complex usually broad, with mediuncus having lateral arms; parameres rarely absent, with two arms fused. Female: No report of mesal suture dividing abdominal tergites; spermatheca with deep or shallow invagination; praegenitale present or absent; elongate, slender bursal ducts [shown for two species in Freitas & Penny 2001: N. lavrasana Freitas & Penny and N. panchlora (Gerstaecker) ].

[Note: Figs 1 and 10 in Freitas & Penny are switched—the images on Fig. 10 should have the caption and placement of Fig. 1 , N. panchlora ; vice versa for the images on Fig. 1 —they belong with the caption of Fig. 10 , Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) ].

In summary, Nacarina species (and the sexes) are variable in size, body form, and many genital traits (see Table 1 ). The claim that parameres are absent from Nacarina ( Brooks & Barnard 1990: 177) appears to have been premature. Apparently, they are present and associated with the gonosaccus in many species ( Freitas & Penny 2001), but the structure of the parameres has not been well defined or illustrated. Indeed, it is safe to say that this relatively large genus is in great need of morphologically based revisionary work.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. A. Head, frontal. B. Head, dorsal. C. Head, lateral. D. Head, ventral. E. Antenna, dorsal. F. Terminal flagellomeres. G. Midantennal flagellomeres; arrows indicate four rows of setae on flagellomere. H. Holotype labels. Abbreviations: co, cardo; e.s., epistomal suture; lbr, labrum; l.p., labial palp; m.p., maxillary palp; stp, stipe; to, torulus; t.p., tentorial pit. [A–D: Andros Island, female, FSCA; E–G: Exuma Island, female, CUIC].

FIGURE 2. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. A. Head, prothorax, mesothorax, dorsal. B. Head, prothorax, mesothorax, dorsal. C. Abdomen, dorsal. D. Upper body, lateral; arrows indicate lateral tibial markings. E. Abdomen, ventrolateral. F. Tarsus, ventral; upper arrow indicates tibial spur; lower arrow indicates one of several tarsal spurs. G. Tarsal claws and arolium, frontal. H. Tarsal claw, lateral. Abbreviations: ar, arolium. [A–D, F–H: Andros Island, female, FSCA; E: Exuma Island, female, CUIC].

FIGURE 3. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. Head, cleared.A. Head, frontal. B. Upper region of head, frontal. C. Lower region of head, dorsal. D. Lower region of head, ventral. E. Flagellomeres x100, near base (upper), midantenna (lower). F. Flagellomeres x200, midantenna.Abbreviations: bg, basigalea; fl, flagellum; ga, galea; ge, gena; lc, lacinia; lg, ligula; l.p., labial palp; mb, mandible; mb-L, mb-R, mandible, left, right; mx, maxilla; m.p., maxillary palp; pd, pedicel; sc, scape; stp, stipe; t.p., tentorial pit. [All: Exuma Island, female, CUIC].

FIGURE 4. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. A. Forewing. B. Hindwing. Scale applies to both A and B. Forewing length: 13.0 mm; hindwing length: 12.4 mm. Abbreviations: b1, b5, first and fifth b cells; b’1, first b’ cell; icu1, icu3, first and third intracubital cells; im1, first intramedian (mamp1) cell; mcu1, mcu2, mcu3, first, second, and third medial (mcu) cells; m1-m2, crossvein between mcu1 and mcu2; Mf, furcation of M; rarp1, first radial (rarp) cell; 1sc-r, first subcostal crossvein. [A, B: Exuma Island, male, CUIC].

FIGURE 5. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. Male abdomen. A. Segments A4 to terminus, lateral, with gonarcus partially exposed. B. Segments A6 to terminus, lateral, with gonarcus extruded. C. Eighth and ninth sternites, lateral. D. Callus cerci. E. Eighth tergite and ninth tergite+ectoproct, lateral, showing dorsal apodeme and callus cerci. The arrows on A, B, and C indicate the position of the suture between S8 and S9 and demonstrate the variation in the line of fusion.Abbreviations: c.c., callus cerci; d.ap., dorsal apodeme; spi, spiracle; S7, seventh abdominal sternite; T8, eighth abdominal tergite; v.sp., ventral spur of dorsal apodeme. [A: Andros Island, FSCA; B–E: Exuma Island, CUIC].

FIGURE 6. Terminus of male abdomen. A. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov., eighth and ninth tergites, dorsal. B. Abachrysa eureka (Banks) eighth and ninth tergites, dorsal. C. P. toschiorum sp.nov., abdominal terminus, with gonarcal complex in situ, lateral, teneral. Note inverted position of gonarcus, with gonarcal apodemes located posterior to tip of mediuncus. D. P. toschiorum sp.nov., abdominal terminus with gonarcal complex in situ, slightly everted, caudal. Abbreviations: g.ap., gonarcal apodeme; g.br., gonarcal bridge; memb, stiff membrane between ventral spur of the dorsal apodeme to base of mediuncus; mu, mediuncus; S9, ninth abdominal sternite; T8, T9, eighth and ninth abdominal tergites; v.sp., ventral spur of dorsal apodeme. [A, C: Exuma Island, CUIC; B: Alabama, TRC; D: Andros Island, FSCA].

FIGURE 7. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. Gonarcal complex. A. Dorsal. B. Lateral, with hypandrium internum. C. Dorsal, showing internal structure of mediuncus. D. Frontal. E. Dorsofrontal. Abbreviations: d.st., dorsal seta; fr.st., frontal seta; g.ap., gonarcal apodeme; g.br., gonarcal bridge; g.ex, dorsolateral extension of gonarcal apodeme; hy.i., hypandrium internum; mu.b., mediuncal beak; mu.w., mediuncal wing. [All: Exuma Island, CUIC].

FIGURE 10. Pantaleonius toschiorum sp.nov. Female genitalia. A. Genital complex, ventral. B–D. Spermathecal complex, ventral (B, D) and lateral (C). E, F. Bursal complex, lateral.Abbreviations: b.c., bursa copulatrix; b.gl., bursal gland; b.t., tubule within bursa copulatrix; sp, spermatheca; sp.d., spermathecal duct; sp.e., external section of spermatheca running into bursa copulatrix; sp.i., spermathecal invagination; sp.t., tubular section of spermatheca leading to closed end; vel, velum. [A–D, F: Exuma Island, CUIC; E: Andros Island, FSCA].