Phytoliriomyza luteola Kato, 2022

Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna & Imada, Yume, 2022, Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts, ZooKeys 1133, pp. 1-164 : 1

27. Phytoliriomyza luteola Kato sp. nov.

Fig. 51

Material examined.

Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a407), Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref. (35.6327°N, 138.3519°E, 1110 m asl), 25-III-2021 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 5-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32051. Paratypes: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a241), type locality, 15-V-2018 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 31-V-2018, NSMT-I-Dip 32052; 2♀ (MK-AG-a1, 666), type locality, 10-XII-2016 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 3-V-2017, NSMT-I-Dip 32053, 32054; 1♀ (MK-AG-319), Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva on C. salebrosum ), emerged on 11-VI-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 32055; 1♀ (MK-AG-a263), Ashiu, Nantan, Kyoto Pref., 28-IV-2010 (as larva on C. orientalis ), emerged on 30-V-2010, NSMT-I-Dip 32056.

Other material.

Japan: On Conocephalum salebrosum : 3♂3♀, Iwaobetsu, Shari, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-15-VI-2019; 1♂1♀, Horoka, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 31-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-VI-2-VII-2021; 3♂3♀, Horoman-kyo, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-8-VI-2021; 5♂7♀, Mt. Horoiwa, Saroma, Tokoro, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-8-VI-2021; 5♂7♀, Soun-kyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 1-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 31-V-26-VI-2021; 4♂5♀, Samani-dam, Samani, Hokkaido, 30-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 5-13-VI-2021; 6♂10♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 15-22-V-2021; 3♂3♀, Yashajin-toge, Minami-arupusu, Yamanashi Pref., 10-XII-2016 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-1-V-2016; 13♂9♀, Sarukura, Hakuba, Nagano Pref., 11-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 7-19-VI-2021; 4♂4♀, Shirahone-onsen, Matsumoto, Nagano Pref., 14-V-2011 (as larva), emerged on 9-17-VI-2011; 3♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25-30-V-2012; 1♂4♀, Mt. Toyoguchi, Ooshika, Shimo-ina, Nagano Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 30-31-V-2012; 2♂, Azusayama, Kawakami-mura, Nagano Pref., 28-IV-2014 (as larva), emerged on 27-V-2014; 1♂1♀, Abe-toge, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-IX-2014 (as larva), emerged on 24-IV-1-V-2014;.

On Conocephalum orientalis : 1♂1♀, Nakanomata, Hachimori, Yatsumine, Aomori Pref., 6-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-6-V-2014; 6♂12♀, Yusen-kyo, Yamadera, Yamagata Pref., 15-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 7-V-4-VI-2012; 1♂1♀, Saruyama, Monzen, Wajima, Ishikawa Pref., 4-V-2013 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2013; 3♂7♀, Uchinami, Katsuhara, Oono, Fukui Pref., 13-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 13-18-V-2011; 3♂4♀, Suizu, Tsuruga, Fukui Pref., 11-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 15-20-IV-2012; 2♂3♀, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 5-IV-2017 (as larva), emerged on 8-12-V-2017; 41♂42♀, Tazukawa-keikoku, Katsuura, Tokushima Pref., 30-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 25-30-IV-2021; 7♂8♀, Narutaki, Ichiu, Tsurugi, Tokushima Pref.2, 31-III-2021 (as larva), emerged on 28-IV-2-V-2021.

On Conocephalum purpureorubrum : 2♂3♀: Tanneso, Rubeshibetsu, Hiroo, Hokkaido, 2-X-2011 (as larva), emerged on 19-21-V-2011; 1♂1♀, Toyoni-gawa, Erimo, Toyoizumi, Hokkaido, 1-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 24-26-VI-2021; 4♀, Eniwa-keikoku, Eniwa, Hokkaido, 2-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-6-VI-2021; 1♂1♀, Namari-kawa, Yakumo, Futami, Hokkaido, 2-VI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 18-27-VI-2021; 3♂6♀, Kamiyasse, Kesennuma, Miyagi Pref., 25-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 30-IV-5-V-2016; 6♂10♀, Narahara, Ueno, Tano, Gunnma Pref., 18-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 15-21-V-2021; 2♀, Nakabusa-onsen, Azumino, Nagano Pref., 5-V-2016 (as larva), emerged on 8-VI-2016; 3♂2♀, Kibune, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 29-IV-2012 (as larva), emerged on 25-30-V-2012; 2♂3♀, Irisawai, Oshika, Nagano Pref., 26-V-5-VI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2013; 1♂, Usuzuka, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 25-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 22-V-2011; 2♂2♀, Yugashima, Izu, Shizuoka Pref., 7-III-2012 (as larva), emerged on 9-18-IV-2012; 3♂7♀, Uchinami, Katsuhara, Oono, Fukui Pref., 13-IV-2011 (as larva), emerged on 13-18-V-2011.

Diagnosis.

A medium-sized yellow species (wing length 1.9-2.0 mm) having pruinose, entirely yellow scutum and scutellum, a black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and yellow legs. Male epandrium inner-laterally with an extended, apically flattened tubercle-like seta, and inner-basally with a comb comprising 3-5 long fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis , and C. purpureorubrum .

Description.

Adult male (Fig. 51A-E ).

Head: Head yellow, with back of head dark brown excluding margins (Fig. 51C ). Antenna porrect, first flagellomere black, pedicel and scape yellow (Fig. 51B ). Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena yellow. Proboscis normal, yellow; palpus yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 51C ). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 51B ). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax pruinose. Scutum yellow with medial pale brownish stripe on anterior 2/3, with a pair of narrow pale brownish supra-alar stripes and a pair of wider, pale brownish intra-alar stripes, which adjoin a pair of lateral presutural pale brownish ovoid spots (Fig. 51D ). Scutellum, subscutellum, mediotergite, anatergite and katatergite yellow (Fig. 51D ). Pleuron entirely yellow (Fig. 51B ). Haltere yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments entirely yellow; tibia and tarsus darker (Fig. 51A ). Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 51D ). Acrostichal setulae eight or nine pairs in two irregular rows. Wing: Wing length 2.0 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 51A ). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.1-1.3.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny yellow; epandrium brown (Fig. 51E ). Genitalia: (Fig. 51G-K ) Epandrium rounded apically; inner-lateral surface with an elongated tubercle-like seta, whose tip is slightly spread and flattened; inner-anterior surface with a comb comprising three to five fused long tubercle-like setae (rarely unfused in part) and a row of 1-3 short tubercle-like setae immediately outward from the comb (Fig. 51I ). Surstylus rounded, directed inwards, setose apically, with one long tubercle-like seta on posterior basal margin (Fig. 51I ). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite V-shaped. Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 51G ). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 51J ). Phallophorus with deep incision below, articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus (Fig. 51G ). Basiphallus with broad plate on left side and with lightly sclerotized anterodorsal margin (Fig. 51G, H ). Hypophallus membranous, covered with microtrichia ventrally; with margins lightly sclerotized; medially with a pair of dark fused, dorsally incurved narrow sclerites (Fig. 51J ). Paraphallus absent. Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, as long as distiphallus (Fig. 51G ). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules basally parallel to each other; basal half composed of ventral dark subtriangular sclerite and weaker medial region; distal half cylindrical, pigmented; widening toward inflated, truncated apex (Fig. 51J ). Ejaculatory apodeme pale, with fan-shaped blade and broad stalk; base widened to one side; sperm pump clear (Fig. 51K ).

Female (Fig. 51F ). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider., mediotergite sometimes brownish. Wing length 1.9 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 51L, M ) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous. Tergite 10 trifurcate, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites. Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/3 length of cercus. Spermathecae semi-orbicular, with truncate proximal ends.

Variation.

The number of tubercle-like setae in a comb of the male epandrium varied from 3 to 5 among localities, with the specimens from northern populations and at high altitudes having fewer tubercle-like setae.

Etymology.

The specific name (luteola = yellow) refers to totally yellow body of the species.

Japanese name.

Kiiro-jagoke-hamoguribae.

Host plants.

Conocephalum salebrosum , C. orientalis and C. purpureorubrum ( Conocephalaceae ).

Mine.

Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus in early instars, later entering the midrib, and pupate in the mines (Fig. 51O ).

Biological notes.

The habitats of this species are stream banks, mesic slopes and stone wall in cool temperate deciduous forests dominated by Quercus crispula , Aesculus turbinata , and Pterocarya rhoifolia (Fig. 51N ). Our rearing records suggest that this species is univoltine, and that adults emerge from overwintered pupae in spring.

Distribution.

Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Fig. 50 ).

Remarks.

This species resembles P. pallidofasciata and P. helva in having wholly yellow body; it is distinguished from P. pallidofasciata by the absence of two pairs of pale brown lateral stripes, and from P. helva by the color of the 1st flagellomere (black in P. luteola ; yellow in P. helva ).

Figures

Figure 50. Locality records of three Phytoliriomyza species associated with Conocephalum spp.: P. pallidofasciata, P. luteola and P. helva.

Figure 51. Phytoliriomyza luteola sp. nov. A-E holotype male A habitus B dorsal C frontal D dorsal E posterior F paratype female (MK-AG-a 1), dorsal G-K male genitalia (G at type locality K-M at Mt. Horoiwa K at Sounkyo) G, H whole genitalia, ventral I epandrium, ventral J phallic complex, lateral K ejaculatory apodeme, lateral L, M female postabdomen L oviscape and spermatheca M tergite 10 N habitat at type locality O mined thallus of Conocephalum salebrosum P live female fly at Eniwa.