Levinsenia gracilis ( Tauber, 1879 )

Sikorski, Andrey, 2017, The Paraonidae (Annelida: Sedentaria) from Norway and adjacent seas, with two new species, four new records, and a redescription of Paraonides nordica Strelzov, 1968 based on type material, Zootaxa 4320 (1), pp. 41-67 : 54

Levinsenia gracilis ( Tauber, 1879)

Aonides gracilis Tauber, 1879: 115 .

Levinsenia gracilis .— Hartley 1981: 146; Gaston 1984: 2.51–2.53, fig. 2.52; Blake 1996: 33 –34, fig. 2.1; Hartmann-Schröder 1996: 386, fig. 183; Kirkegaard 1996: 28 –29, fig. 10; Aguirrezabalaga 2012: 241 –244, figs. 106–107.

Paraonis (Paraonis) gracilis .— Pettibone 1963: 301 –302, fig. 79 a–d.

Paraonis gracilis .— Eliason 1920: 55 –56, fig. 16; Hartman 1957; 330–331, pl. 44, figs 4–5; 1969: 74–75, figs 1–3.

Paraonis (Paraonides) gracilis .— Monro 1930: 150 –152, fig. 58.

Paraonis gracilis gracilis .— Day 1967: 566, fig. 24.4a–b.

Tauberia gracilis .— Strelzov 1973: 127 –133, figs 54–57.

Material examined. ZISP 2 /38028; Barents Sea ; 69.8250°N- 46.1833°E ; 77 m; 24.08.1959; one specimen (labelled as Tauberia multibranchiata ). 2876 Finnmark 593; 70.0860°N – 29.0608°E ; 161 m; 13.09.2003; one specimen. 3940 Askeladd Beta SA–02; 71.4750°N – 20.4476°E ; 278 m; 26.06.2007; one specimen. 3940 Askeladd Beta SA–09; 71.4778°N – 20.4462°E ; 274 m; 27.06.2007; one specimen. 5390 G7122/7-1; 71.05°N-22.05°E; 340 m; 08.09.2015; three specimens. 5390 E7122/4-1; 71.05°N-22.05°E; 340 m; 10.09.2015; three specimens.

Diagnosis. Antenna and secondary ciliary organs absent. Five to six prebranchial segments. Branchiae arranged in 10–15 pairs; about four times as long as wide. Modified notochaetae absent. Modified neurochaetae as long, gently curved hooks bearing a ridge on the convex edge.

Distribution. Eastern Atlantic, from Greenland ( Strelzov 1973) to Portugal ( Gil & Sardà 1999), including Northern Norway ( Oug 2000) and several locations of the North Sea close to Norway ( Hartley 1981). Barents Sea ( Bilyard & Carey 1980). Western Atlantic from Western Greenland ( Blake & Dean 1973) and New England ( Pettibone 1963) to Caribbean ( Díaz-Díaz et al. 2009) and Uruguay ( Strelzov 1973). Mediterranean ( Laubier & Ramos 1974). Eastern Pacific, from Oregon ( Fauchald & Hancock 1981) to Panama ( Aguado & López 2003); Japan ( Imajima 1997). Arctic, from Jan Mayen ( Bakken et al. 2010) to the Chukchi Sea ( Strelzov 1973) and Canadian Arctic ( Stewart et al. 1985). Antarctic ( Sicinski 2004). Southern Africa ( Day 1967).