Penthicodes Blanchard, 1845

Lin, You-Sheng, Liao, Jhih-Rong, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng & Ko, Chiun-Cheng, 2023, Lanternflies (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) of Taiwan., Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 62 (7), pp. 1-37 : 18-21

Genus Penthicodes Blanchard, 1845 Penthicodes pulchella ( Guérin-Méneville, 1838) ( Figs. 14 , 15 )

Aphaena pulchella Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 186 . Aphana confuscius White, 1846: 24 . Aphaena io Walker, 1851: 279. Aphaena confuscius Walker, 1851: 280 . Aphana nigroirrorata Stål, 1854: 244 . Aphaena nigroirrorata Walker, 1858b: 316 . Aphana pulchella Atkinson, 1885: 144 ; Kato, 1933: pl. 4, fig. 3. Penthicodes pulchella Distant, 1918: 198 ; Metcalf, 1947: 130;

Lallemand, 1963: 26; Nagai & Porion, 1996: 21; Constant, 2010:

14. Penthicodes wachsi Schmidt, 1930: 115 .

Type locality: Java ( Metcalf 1947).

Description: Measurements: body length, male (n = 5) 20.5 mm (18.2–22.5 mm), female (n = 6) 21.9 mm (20.4–24.6 mm); tegmen length, male (n = 5) 17.2 mm (15.8–18.7 mm), female (n = 6) 18.9 mm (17.6–21 mm).

Head: general color brown to dark brown ( Fig. 14A, B, C ); vertex bumpy, broader than long, with numerous tiny white granules, lateral margins slightly carinate ( Fig. 14A, C ); frons wrinkled, longer than broad, with 2 weak longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 14B ); antennae dark brown ( Fig. 14B, C ); clypeus longer than frons, with numerous tiny pits and tiny white granules ( Fig. 14B ); labium elongate, reaching apex of abdomen ( Fig. 14B ).

Thorax: ( Fig. 14A, C ) general color brown to dark brown; pronotum wrinkled, with several tiny pits near each lateral margin and numerous tiny white granules throughout; mesonotum with numerous small black irregular patches between lateral carinae and numerous tiny white granules throughout.

Tegmina: ( Fig. 14A ) basal 5/6 brown, with several black spots along anterior margin, numerous black transverse-heart-shaped patches varying in size on longitudinal veins, and numerous tiny dark brown spots throughout; apical 1/6 nearly white, with several small brown spots along apical margin and several dark brown irregular patches varying in size near apical margin, biggest one on apico-posterior angle.

Hindwings: ( Fig. 14A ) basal 2/3 marigold yellow, with 1 dark brown spot near base, 6–7 dark brown spots on CuP vein, 5–6 dark brown spots on A1 vein, 2–4 dark brown spots between A2 and A3 vein, and 4–6 white spots near apical brown area, basal margin red, posterior margin pale brown; apical 1/3 dark brown, sometimes with white powder on disc.

Legs: ( Fig. 14A, B, C ) general color dark brown to black; femora with several pale yellowish brown irregular patches; fore- and mesotibiae with 2 pale yellowish brown rings; metatibiae with 4–5 lateral spines.

Abdomen: ( Fig. 14A, B ) general color black; tergites sometimes red.

Male genitalia: 9th abdominal segment, in lateral view, with anterior margin flat, dorso-anterior margin obtuse, dorso-posterior margin rounded, ventro-posterior margin with a small obtuse projection ( Fig. 15A ); 10th abdominal segment with ventral margin flat in lateral view ( Fig. 15A ), apical margin nearly as broad as basal margin, medially concave as “V” shape dorsally but weakly concave ventrally in dorsal view ( Fig. 15B ); 11th abdominal sternite about 2 times longer than 11th abdominal tergite ( Fig. 15B ); genital styles as long as 10th abdominal segment in lateral view ( Fig. 15A ), suboval with a hook on each lateral margin at 1/3 from base in ventral view ( Fig. 15C ); lateral phallobasal lobes membranous ( Fig. 15D, E ); phallobasal conjunctival processes exposed, straight and sclerotized in basal 2/3, about 7 times longer than sheath, apexes obtuse ( Fig. 15D, E ).

Materials examined: 1 male, Gandaushi, Nantou, VI-08-1964, leg. S. L. C. (NCHU); 1 male, Kuraru, Formosa [= Kueitzuchiao, Hengchun, Pingtung], VIII-22-1935, leg. Y. Miwa (NTU); 2 males, same locality, III-(12-15)-1931, leg. T. Shiraki (NTU); 1 male, same locality, VII-31-1931, leg. T. Shiraki (NTU); 2 females, Takesaki, Formosa [= Zhuqi, Chiayi], IX-30-1922, leg. M. Kato (NTU); 1 female, Rikiriki [= Lichi, Taitung], XI-20-1930, leg. R. Takahashi (NTU); 1 female, Koshun [= Hengchun, Pingtung], II-08-1921, collector unknown (NTU); 1 female, Horisha [= Puli, Nantou], collecting date unknown, leg. T. Shiraki (NTU); 1 female, Baoli Forest Garden, Pingtung, I-29-2021, leg. K. W. Chan & Y. H. Lin (NTU).

Host plant: Acacia confusa Merr. ( Fabaceae ) ( Kato 1931).

Distribution: Taiwan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam ( Constant 2010).

Remarks: This species has only been recorded in southern Taiwan, while its major host (i.e., Acacia confusa ) is widely distributed through Taiwan. It seems that this species is more adapted to tropics or has certain habitat requirements.

Figures

Fig. 14. Penthicodes pulchella (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), adult female. A, Habitus, dorsal view. B, Habitus, ventral view. C, Habitus, left lateral view (not to scale).

Fig. 15. Penthicodes pulchella (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), male genitalia. A, Male genitalia, left lateral view. B, 10th–11th abdominal segments, dorsal view. C, Genital styles, ventral view. D, Phallic complex, ventral view. E, Phallic complex, dorsal view.