Gryon japonicum (Ashmead, 1904)

Komeda, Yoto, Mita, Toshiharu, Hirose, Yoshimi & Yamagishi, Kenzo, 2020, Taxonomic revision of charon -, floridanum - and muscaeforme - groups of Gryon Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species and host information, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80, pp. 99-135 : 99

Gryon japonicum (Ashmead, 1904)

Figs 1B , 2B , 3B , 4B , 5B, H , 6B , 7A, B , 8A, B , 9A, B

Hadronotus japonicus Ashmead, 1904b: Kieffer 1926. Gryon japonicus (Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968; Mineo 1979. Gryon japonicum (Ashmead): Mineo 1981; Noda and Hirose 1989; Noda 1989, 1990a, b; Johnson 1992; Noda 1993; Kikuchi et al. 1995; Teraoka and Numata 1997; Lê 2000; Kononova and Kozlov 2008.

Hadronotus hakonensis Ashmead, 1904b. Gryon hakonensis (Ashmead): Masner and Muesebeck 1968. Gryon hakonensis (Ashmead): Mineo 1981; Kikuchi and Kuranouchi 1985 (misidentification); Kikuchi et al. 1986 (misidentification).

Telenomus orestes Dodd, 1913. Liophanurus orestes (Dodd): Kieffer 1926. Gryon orestes (Dodd): Johnson 1988; Mineo 1990a (misidentification); Johnson 1992; Kononova and Kozlov 2008 (misidentification).

Hadronotus flavipes Ashmead, 1905: Kieffer 1926; Baltazar 1966. Gryon ferus Masner & Muesebeck, 1968. Gryon flavipes (Ashmead): Mineo 1979, 1981, 1990a (syn.); Johnson 1992.

Telenomoides flavipes Dodd, 1913. Hadronotus rufipes (Dodd): Dodd 1914. Plastogryon rufipes (Dodd): Dodd 1915. Hadronotus rufipes (Dodd): Kieffer 1926. Gryon rufipes (Dodd): Galloway 1976; Mineo 1990a (syn.); Johnson 1992.

Telenomoides giraulti Dodd, 1913. Hadronotus giraulti (Dodd): Dodd 1914; Dodd 1915; Kieffer 1926; Galloway 1976; Mineo 1990a (syn.); Johnson 1992.

Telenomoides bicolor Dodd, 1913. Hadronotus affinis Dodd, 1914: Dodd 1915. Hadronotus doddi Kieffer, 1926. Hadronotus affinis Dodd: Galloway 1976; Mineo 1990a (syn.); Johnson 1992.

Plastogryon fuscus Dodd, 1915. Gryon fuscus (Dodd): Galloway 1976; Mineo 1990a (syn.); Johnson 1992.

Hadronotus leptocorisae Nixon, 1934. Gryon nixoni Masner, 1965: Mineo 1979 (syn.); Mineo 1981; Mineo 1990a; Johnson 1992.

Gryon mischa Kozlov & Kononova, 1989: Kozlov and Kononova 1990; Johnson 1992; Kononova 1995; Kononova and Petrov 2002; Kononova and Kozlov 2008. syn. nov.

Diagnosis.

Frontal depression with strongly transversely irregular costate sculpture. Horizontal portion of occipital carina curved, reaching longitudinal extension line of inner margin of lateral ocelli. Coxae brown-black.

Description.

Female. Length 1.1-1.7 mm.

Color. (Figs 1B , 2B ). Body mainly black. A2-6 brown. A1, mandibles, and legs (excluding coxae) yellow.

Head. FCI = 1.06-1.27; LCI = 1.43-1.61; DCI = 1.76-1.94; HW/IOS = 1.67-1.87; head about 1.3 times as wide as mesosoma (HW/TSL = 1.16-1.34). Frons (Fig. 3B ) reticulate with setae; central carina present ventrally; frontal depression weakly developed, with strongly transverse irregularly costate sculpture. Vertex reticulate with setae; interocellar space reticulate; hyperoccipital carina absent; POL about 4.5 times as long as OOL (POL/OOL = 4.23-4.74); OOL about 0.4 times as long as LOL (OOL/LOL = 0.37-0.47). Clypeus trapezoidal, with rounded corners. Gena coriaceous with setae; medial genal carina absent. Occiput (Fig. 4B ) transversely costate with setae; occipital carina complete; angular point of occipital carina developed; horizontal portion of occipital carina curved, reaching longitudinal extension line of inner margin of lateral ocelli; postoccipital carina discontinuity present; postgena weakly costate along postoccipital carina; postgenal sulcus curved toward hypostoma; postgenal bridge smooth, weakly longitudinally costate beside median sulcus. Antennae (Fig. 5B ) clavate; A1 about 4.3 times longer than radicle, as long as clava; clava with five segments; claval sensilla formula A8-12/2-2-2-2-1; claval length about 3.6 times longer than width. Mandibles thin, tridentate, anterior tooth longer than other teeth.

Mesosoma. Cervical pronotal area granulate with dense setae; epomial carina strongly present, not reaching dorsal edge; pronotal suprahumeral sulcus foveolate, unclear mesad; lateral pronotal area smooth with transverse sparse carinae. Propleuron weakly transversely costate. Mesoscutum (Fig. 7A ) about 1.5 times as wide as long (TSL/ML = 1.39-1.67) with dense setae, reticulate anteriorly, longitudinally costate posteriorly; parascutal carina absent; notaulus absent. Mesoscutellum about 2.2 times as wide as long (SW/SL = 1.98-2.35), with dense setae, longitudinally costate mesad, granulate laterad. Mesopleuron (Fig. 7B ) smooth with weak transverse dense carinae above mesopleural canina, smooth with sparse setae below mesopleural canina; prespecular and mesepisternal sulci foveolate; prespecular sulcus with setae; mesopleural carina strongly present; postacetabular sulcus foveolate. Metascutellum (Fig. 8B ) weakly produced, longitudinally striate. Dorsal metapleural area (Fig. 7B ) smooth with setae dorsad; ventral metapleural area weakly rugulose with setae; anterior part of metapleural sulcus and upper paracoxal sulcus with setae. Propodeum foveolate with setae. Fore wing (Fig. 6B ): stigmal vein about 1.8 times longer than marginal vein; postmarginal vein about 3.3 times longer than marginal vein.

Metasoma. T1 (Fig. 9A ) longitudinally striate, setose laterally. S1 (Fig. 9B ) longitudinally striate. T2 longitudinally striate anteriorly, reticulate posteriorly, setose laterally. S2 with setae, granulate mesad, striate laterad. T3 reticulate, with setae laterad and posteriorly. S3-6 punctate with setae. T4 punctate-striate with setae. T5-6 punctate with setae.

Male. Almost same as female, but antennae (Fig. 5H ) filiform; A1 yellow, A2-11 brown.

Variation.

This species has a correlation between the size of specimens and the convexity of the frons: in small specimens the frons is more convex than in large specimens. This correlation is also known in G. pennsylvanicum (Ashmead, 1893) ( Masner 1983). Small (or minute) specimens of G. japonicum emerged from Riptortus pedestris (Linnaeus, 1758), Leptocorisa chinensis Dallas, 1852, Cletus punctiger (Dallas, 1852), and Acanthocoris sordidus (Thunberg, 1783). Hosts of large specimens are still unknown.

Host.

Coreidae : A. sordidus , Cletus trigonus (Thunberg, 1783), and C. punctiger new record; Alydidae : R. pedestris , Leptocorisa varicornis (Fabricius, 1803), L. acuta (Thunberg, 1783), and L. chinensis . Noda (1990b) reported that G. japonicum also emerged from sentinel eggs of C. schmidti (Kritshenko, 1916) ( Coreidae ).

Biology.

In spring, the female is found on blossoms of Acer palmatum ( Sapindaceae ).

Material examined.

Holotype. Gryon mischa : Япония, Каганихара. [= Japan: Gifu pref., Kakamigahara city] 19.X.1981. E. Sugonjaev leg. ♀ [ ZIN].

Other materials.

Iwate pref., Morioka city, Yamagishi. 8.VIII.1985. Yoshimi Hirose leg. (emerged from eggs of Riptortus pedestris on soybean plant) 2♂ 2♀ [ELKU]; Ibaraki pref., Mito city. Kami-kunii-chô. 25.VII.1986. Ryutaro Komori leg. (emerged from an egg of R. pedestris ) 1♀ [ELKU]; Hitachi-Ôta city, Chinone-chô. 2-. VII.1986. Ryutaro Komori leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 3♂ 18♀ [ELKU]; Hitachi-Ôta city, Zuiryû-chô. 2-. VII.1986. Ryutaro Komori leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 2♂ 7♀ [ELKU]; Tsuchiura city, Hitana. 2*. VII.1986. Ryutaro Komori leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 3♂ 12♀ [ELKU]; Tsuchiura city (near Tsukuba), Pond Shishituka-Ôike. 15.VII.1997. Victor Fursov leg. 2♀ [IZAN]; Tsukuba dist. , Yatabe town , Kan’nondai, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences. 22-24.VIII.1983. Takashi Noda leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 1♂ 1♀ [ELKU]; 16-23.VIII.1985. Takashi Noda leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 3♂ 8♀ [ELKU]; 12.VIII.1989. Takachi Noda leg. (emerged from eggs of L. chinensis ) 4♂ 8♀ [ELKU]; Tsukuba dist. , Yatabe town , Kan’nondai, National Agriculture Research Center. 27-28.VII.1984. Atsushi Kikuchi leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 1♂ 5♀ [ELKU]; Tsukuba dist. , Yawara vill., rice fields. 29.VII.1997. Victor Fursov leg. 2♀ [IZAN]; 22.VI.1999. Victor Fursov leg. 1♂ 2♀ [IZAN]; Inashiki dist. (near Tsukuba), Kukizaki town . 14.VI.1997. Victor Fursov leg. 1♂ [IZAN]; Saitama pref., Kitamoto city. 5-13.VI.1979. Kiyomitsu Ito leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 6♂ 12♀ [ELKU]; IX.1980. Kiyomitsu Ito leg. (emerged from eggs of Cletus punctiger ) 1♂ 8♀ [ELKU]; Chiba pref., Chiba city, Daizen’nochô, Chiba-Ken Agricultural Experiment Station (Soybean field) 3.X.1985. Masaaki Sawada leg. (emerged from eggs of Acanthocoris sordidus ) 5♂ 5♀ [ELKU]; Ishikawa pref., Nomi city, Mitsukuchi (paddy field) 28.V-8.I.2011, H. Fukutomi and R. Ishiguro leg. (MT) 2♀ [ELMU]; 19. VIII-7.IX.2011, H. Fukutomi and R. Ishiguro leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELMU]; 22.IX-5.X.2011, H. Fukutomi and R. Ishiguro leg. (MT) 2♂ [ELMU]; Fukui pref., Fukui city, Ryômachi, Fukui Agricultural Experiment Station . 6.IX.1983. Kazuo Imamura leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 1♂ 3♀ [ELKU]; Mt. Tenjosau. 24.VII.1956. Yozo Murakami leg. (with identification label; Gryon japonicus (Ashm.) det. G. Mineo, 1978); Gifu pref., Kani city, Katabira, 3-9.IX.2004. Kenzo Yamagishi leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELMU]; Aichi pref., Nagoya city, Chikusa ward, Higashiyama Park. IV-VI. 1997, Victor Fursov leg. 1♂ 22♀ [IZAN]; Tempaku ward, 24.IX.2012. Kenzo Yamagishi leg. 1♂ [ELKU]; Ichinomiya city, Tomida, Kiso river . 26.IX.2013. Y. Miyata leg. (YPT) 1♂ 1♀ [ELMU]; Kasugai city, Takagi. 29.VIII.2000. C. Mizuno and M. Suzuki leg. (MT) 1♀ [IZAN]; 20.IX.2000. C. Mizuno and M. Suzuki leg. (MT) 1♂ [IZAN]; 21.IX.2000. C. Mizuno and M. Suzuki leg. (MT) 1♂ [IZAN]; 22.IX.2000. C. Mizuno and M. Suzuki leg. (MT) 1♀ [IZAN]; 16.VII.2013. Y. Kamiya leg. (YPT) 1♂ 2♀ [ELMU]; 31.VII.2013. Y. Kamiya leg. (YPT) 4♂ [ELMU]; 13.VIII.2013. Y. Kamiya leg. (YPT) 1♂ 3♀ [ELMU]; 17.IX.2013. Y. Kamiya leg. (YPT) 1♀ [ELMU]; Nisshin city, Komenogi, 28. V-3.VI.2011. H. Seo and R. Mizutani leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELMU]; 3-10.IX.2011. H. Seo and R. Mizutani leg. (MT) 1♂ [ELMU]; 17-25.IX.2011. H. Seo and R. Mizutani leg. (MT) 1♂ [ELMU]; 16-22.X.2011. H. Seo and R. Mizutani leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELMU]; Nisshin city, Nokata, 3-10.IX.2011. H. Seo and R. Mizutani leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELMU]; 2-9.X.2011. H. Seo and R. Mizutani leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELMU]; Aichi dist. , Nagakute town , Yazako, Sagamine, Aichi Agricultural Research Center. 15-21.VIII.2008. Kenzo Yamagishi and K. Fukushima leg. (MT) 3♀ [ELMU]; 29.VIII-4.IX.2008. Kenzo Yamagishi and K. Fukushima leg. (MT) 3♀ [ELMU]; 12-18.IX.2008. Kenzo Yamagishi and K. Fukushima leg. (MT) 1♂ 6♀ [ELMU]; 26. IX-2.X.2008. Kenzo Yamagishi and K. Fukushima leg. (MT) 2♂ 2♀ [ELMU]; 9-16.X.2008. Kenzo Yamagishi and K. Fukushima leg. (MT) 1♂ [ELMU]; 23-29.X.2008. Kenzo Yamagishi and K. Fukushima leg. (MT) 2♂ [ELMU]; Nagakute town , near water channel. 7.VII.2004. Victor Fursov leg. 1♀ [IZAN]; Shiga pref. 1.VIII.1974. Y. Hasegawa leg. (emerged from an egg of Leptocorisa chinensis ) 1♂ [NIAES]; 2.VIII.1974. Y. Hasegawa leg. (emerged from an egg of C. punctiger ) 1♀ [NIAES]; 5.VIII.1974. Y. Hasegawa leg. (emerged from eggs of L. chinensis ) 1♂ 8♀ [NIAES]; 10.VIII.1974. Y. Hasegawa leg. (emerged from eggs of L. chinensis ) 6♀ [NIAES]; Ôtsu city, Dô. 10.VI.2018. Hiroya Higuchi leg. (emerged from sentinel eggs of C. punctiger ) 1♂ 1♀ [ELKU]; Kyoto pref., Kyoto city, Kurama. 13.VII.1992. Takeshi Teraoka leg. (emerged from eggs of R. pedestris ) 2♂ 2♀ [ELKU]; Tokushima pref., Zen’nyuji-toh ( River island in Yoshino River ), 13-22.V.2003. K. Ohara and H. Otsuka leg. (MT) 3♀ [ELMU]; 6-18.VI.2003. K. Ohara and H. Otsuka leg. (MT) 4♀ [ELMU]; 5-17.IX.2003. K. Ohara and H. Otsuka leg. (MT) 3♂ 2♀ [ELMU]; Ehime pref., Matsuyama city, Tarumi, Ehime University, 8.II.2016. Yu Hisasue leg. (sweeping of trees) 1♀ [ELKU]; Kôchi pref., Shimanto city, Tosa-Nakamura, Nyûta, Hiramoto. 33.004°N, 132.898°E; alt. 10 m. 6-9.IX.2017. Y. Komeda leg. (YPT) 1♀ [ELKU]; Fukuoka pref., Fukuoka city, Hakozaki. 26.V.1969. Osamu Yata leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Fukuoka city, Hakozaki, Tsuya-Honmachi. (paddy field) 15.VIII.1973. Chiyoko Okuma leg. 1♂ [ELKU]; Fukuoka city, East ward, Hakozaki, Kyushu Univ. Matsubara Farm. 16.X.1993. Hiroshi Honda leg. (YPT) 1♂ [ELKU]; 23.X.1993. Hiroshi Honda leg. (YPT) 3♂ [ELKU]; 30.X.1993. Hiroshi Honda leg. (YPT) 3♂ [ELKU]; Fukuoka city, Mt. Tachibana-yama , 6.V.1968. N. Yoshida leg. 1♀ [ELKU] (with identification label; Gryon japonicus det. G. Mineo); 25.VI.1994. Hiroshi Honda leg. (YPT) 1♂ [ELKU]; Fukuoka city, East ward, Tatara. 2.IX.1996. Yoshimitsu Higashiura leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Fukuoka city, Ropponmatsu, Gokoku-Jinja shrine. 18.VI.1969. Minoru Miyazaki leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Kasuya dist. , Sasaguri town , Mt. Wakasugi-yama. 13.V.1969. Minoru Miyazaki leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Tagawa dist. , Soeda town , Mt. Hiko-san. 26.VII.1966, Kôichi Takeno leg. 2♀ [ELKU]; 17.VII.1967, Kôichi Takeno leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; 18.VII.1968. Kenkichi Kanmiya leg. 2♀ [ELKU]; 11.VII.1969. Kenkichi Kanmiya leg. 2♂ 1♀ [ELKU]; 6.VIII.1969. Kenkichi Kanmiya leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; 16.X.1969, Kôichi Takeno leg. (MT) 1♀ [ELKU]; 25.VII.1970, Kôichi Takeno leg. (MT) 1♂ [ELKU]; 20.V.1971, Michitaka Chujo leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; 22-26.V.1979, Kaoru Maeto leg. 1♀ [NIAES]; Nagasaki pref., Minami-Takaki dist. , Kuchinotsu town . 23.IV.1954. S. Kato leg. 1♀ [NIAES]; Kumamoto pref., Aso dist. , Takamori town . 11.X.1993. N. Wasano leg. 1♂ [ELKU]; Hondo city, Nishinoku Lake , 5.VI.1999. Victor Fursov leg. 3♀ [IZAN]; Miyazaki pref., Koyu dist. , Takanabe town , Minami-Takanabe, Horinouchi. 16.VII.1964. K. Yasumatsu and T. Nishida leg. 1♀ [ELKU] (with identification label; Gryon flavipes (Ashm.) det. G. Mineo); Kagoshima pref., Kagoshima city, 18.VII.1969, Osamu Yata leg. 1♂ 1♀ [ELKU]; 20.VII.1969, Minoru Miyazaki leg. 2♀ [ELKU]; Kumage Dist. , Yaku-shima Isl. , Yaku town , Kurio, 8.VII.1975. Kenzo Yamagishi leg. 1♂ 2♀ [ELKU]; Oshima dist. , Toku-no-shima Isl., Amagi town , Nishi-Agina, Mikyo. 27.VII.1963. J. L. Gressitt leg. 1♀ [ELKU]; Okinawa pref., Okinawa Isl. , Kunigami dist. , Kunigami town , Yona. 18-21.X.1973. M. Owada leg. 1♀ [SEHU]; Yaeyama dist. , Iriomote Isl. , Taketomi town , Shirahama, 21.VII.1963, Yorio Miyatake leg., 1♀ [ELKU]; Taketomi town, Sonai. 12.X.1963. Shoichi Miyamoto leg. 1♀ [ELKU] (with identification label; Gryon flavipes (Ashm.) det. G. Mineo); Taketomi town, Komi (Paddy field). 24.330°N, 123.912°E; alt. 10 m, 22-25.VI.2015, Yoto Komeda leg. (YPT) 1♀ [ELKU] .

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu: Iwate, Ibaraki, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Ishikawa, Fukui, Gifu, Aichi, Shiga, and Kyoto; Shikoku: Tokushima, Ehime, and Kochi; Kyushu: Fukuoka, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima; Ryukyus: Yaku-shima Isl., Toku-no-shima Isl., Okinawa Isl., and Iriomote Isl.), South Korea (North Gyeongsang: Andong), Vietnam (Hanoi).

Remarks.

Talamas et al. (2017) provided photographs of the holotype of G. japonicum . Based on these photographs, morphological characters of specimens examined in this study are the same as the holotype. Gryon orestes (Dodd, 1913) is recorded from Japan as G. flavipes (Ashmead, 1905) in Mineo (1979) and G. nixoni (Masner, 1965) in Mineo (1981). We examined the voucher specimen determinated by Mineo, and found that the specimen is a small individual of G. japonicum . We also examined the holotype of G. mischa held at ZIN, and confirmed that it is also G. japonicum .

Figures

Figure 1. Japanese Gryon spp., dorsal view A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., holotype B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov., holotype F G. pennsylvanicum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 2. Japanese Gryon spp., lateral views A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., holotype B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov., paratype F G. pennsylvanicum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3. Frons of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 4. Occiput of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 5. Antennae of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., female B G. japonicum, female C G. yamagishii, female D G. philippinense, female E G. shisa sp. nov., female F G. pennsylvanicum, female G G. fulvicoxa sp. nov., male H G. japonicum, male I G. yamagishii, male J G. philippinense, male K G. shisa sp. nov., male L G. pennsylvanicum, male.

Figure 6. Forewing of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. fulvicoxa sp. nov. B G. japonicum C G. yamagishii D G. philippinense E G. shisa sp. nov. F G. pennsylvanicum.

Figure 7. Mesosoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, dorsal view B lateral view C G. philippinense, dorsal view D lateral view E G. pennsylvanicum, dorsal view F lateral view.

Figure 8. Mesosoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, anterior view B posterior view C G. philippinense, anterior view D posterior view E G. pennsylvanicum, anterior view F posterior view.

Figure 9. Metasoma of Japanese Gryon spp. A G. japonicum, dorsal view B ventral view C G. philippinense, dorsal view D ventral view E G. pennsylvanicum, dorsal view F ventral view.