Phyllomya

Shima, Hiroshi, Zhang, Wenxia & Tachi, Takuji, 2022, A systematic study of Old World Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), Zootaxa 5099 (4), pp. 401-449 : 405-406

Key to Old World species of Phyllomya

1. Arista pubescent, 2nd aristomere up to twice as long as wide, 3rd aristomere thickened on basal 1/2–2/5; parafacial with sparse fine short hairs on at most upper 1/2; abdomen without median discal setae; male claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; male head dichoptic; male with proclinate orbital setae as in female................................ procera (Meigen)

- Arista plumose, with plumosity distinctly longer than width of arista at base, usually more than 1/3 width of postpedicel; 2nd aristomere at most as long as wide, 3rd aristomere thickened on basal 1/4–1/5; parafacial either bare or haired; abdomen usually with median discal setae, if discal setae absent, then arista long plumose; male claws and pulvilli long or short; male head holoptic or dichoptic; male with or without proclinate orbital setae.............................................. 2

2. Parafacial bare, at most with a few minute setulae on upper portion just below lowest frontal seta; hind tibia with 2 preapical dorsal setae.......................................................................................... 3

- Parafacial haired on at least upper 1/2; hind tibia with 2 or 3 preapical dorsal setae................................. 5

3. Abdomen broadly reddish on sides of 3rd and 4th tergites; palpus dark brown; male head almost holoptic, without prevertical and proclinate orbital setae.......................................................... rufiventris Shima & Chao

- Abdomen black; palpus yellow or reddish-yellow on at most basal 1/2; male head dichoptic, with 1 prevertical and 1–2 proclinate orbital setae..................................................................................... .. 4

4. Postsutural acrostichal setae absent; 2 katepisternal setae; 4th and 5th abdominal tergites each with a pair of median discal setae; apical scutellar setae fine, only slightly longer than scutellum; arista short plumose, total width of plumosity about 1/2 as wide as postpedicel; abdomen with grayish-white pruinosity on anterior 1/4 of 3rd tergite and anterior 1/3 of 4th................................................................................................... sauteri (Townsend)

- Two postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 katepisternal setae; 3rd to 5th abdominal tergites without discal setae; apical scutellar setae about twice as long as scutellum; arista rather long plumose, total width of plumosity about as wide as postpedicel; abdominal pruinosity broad, on anterior 2/5 of each 3rd to 5th tergites....................................... pubiseta (Mesnil)

5. Two presutural and 2 postsutural dorsocentral setae.......................................................... 6

- Two or 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae....................................................... 7

6. Abdomen shiny black in ground color, with grayish-white pruinosity on anterior 2/5 of 3rd tergite in male, without pruinosity in female; palpus reddish-yellow; parafacial very wide, 2.0–2.5 times as wide as postpedicel at mid height; male head nearly holoptic, without prevertical and proclinate orbital setae; female head dichoptic, vertex about 1/3 of head width, with 1 prevertical and 1–2 proclinate orbital setae...................................................... gymnops (Villeneuve)

- Abdomen with whitish pruinosity on anterior 1/2–1/3 of 3rd to 5th tergites in both sexes, pruinosity with tessellate appearance; palpus black; parafacial subequal in width to postpedicel at middle height; vertex wide, about 1/3 of head width, with 1 outwardly-directed prevertical and 1–2 proclinate orbital setae in both sexes........................ elegans Villeneuve

7. Antennal pedicel with a long seta which is almost as long as postpedicel or longer; 2 or 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 without distinct median discal setae; usually 2, rarely 3, katepisternal setae....... 8

- Antennal pedicel with a long seta at most 3/5 as long as postpedicel or shorter; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 with or without a pair of strong median discal setae; 2 or 3 katepisternal setae............... 11

8. Two preapical dorsal setae on hind tibia; palpus black; male head almost holoptic; abdomen uniformly covered with very thin, bluish-gray pruinosity, slightly denser on anterior portion of each tergite..................... gibsonomyioides Crosskey

- Three preapical dorsal setae on hind tibia; palpus yellowish or black; male head holoptic or dichoptic; abdomen with a more or less distinct anterior whitish pruinose band on at least 3rd tergite................................................ 9

9. Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae, if with only 1 seta, then palpus reddish-yellow or reddish-brown, at most darkened apically.............................................................................................. 10

- Mid tibia with only 1 anterodorsal seta; palpus black...................................... angusta Shima & Chao

10. Palpus reddish-yellow; parafacial sparsely haired; gena 0.26–0.28 of eye height; antenna with postpedicel about 2.5 times as long as pedicel; 2 katepisternal setae................................................... palpalis Shima & Chao

- Palpus reddish-brown to brown, darkened apically in male; parafacial rather densely haired; gena wider, about 1/3 of eye height; antenna with postpedicel about 3.5 times as long as pedicel; katepisternum with 2, rarely 3, katepisternal setae.................................................................................... aristalis (Mesnil & Shima)

11. Abdomen with a complete row of discal setae on 3rd to 5th tergites; usually 2 katepisternal setae; male head almost holoptic, without prevertical and proclinate orbital setae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 with a pair of strong median discal setae...... 12

- Third to 5th abdominal tergites usually with a pair of median discal setae; 2 or 3 katepisternal setae; male head dichoptic, always with a prevertical seta and sometimes with proclinate orbital setae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 with or without median discal setae......................................................................................... 13

12. Face very short, about 3/5 as long as frons in profile in male, 5/ 8 in female; eye sometimes with rather dense fine long hairs; parafacial with very dense and long hairs in male, short but dense hairs in female................. annularis (Villeneuve)

- Face longer, about 2/3 as long as frons in male, 3/ 4 in female; eye almost bare; parafacial with shorter hairs in male.................................................................................. chaoi Shima & Zhang , sp. nov.

13. Three katepisternal setae; male usually with 1–2 proclinate orbital setae; lower calypter pale yellowish marginally or entirely pale brownish-yellow................................................................................. 14

- Two katepisternal setae; male with or without proclinate orbital setae; lower calypter whitish........................ 15

14. Gena about 1/2 of eye height in male, 3/ 7 in female; vertex 0.30–0.32 of head width in both sexes; lower calypter pale yellowish, slightly more darkened marginally; male claws and pulvilli slightly shorter than 5th tarsomere..... volvulus (Fabricius)

- Gena about 3/8 of eye height in both sexes; vertex 0.25–0.27 of head width in male, 0.29–0.33 in female; lower calypter entirely pale brownish-yellow; male claws and pulvilli distinctly longer than 5th tarsomere.................... .. japonica Shima

15. Hind tibia with 2 preapical dorsal setae; abdomen shiny black, without pruinosity; occiput shiny black, at most with very thin grayish pruinosity, bearing mainly black hairs; fore tibia with 1 posterior seta; mid tibia usually with 1 anterodorsal seta; male with 2 proclinate orbital setae; male claws and pulvilli short, distinctly shorter than 5th tarsomere.................... 16

- Hind tibia with 3 preapical dorsal setae; abdomen with whitish pruinosity on anterior portion of 3rd to 5th tergites; occiput with more or less dense grayish pruinosity and whitish hairs on at least lower portion; fore tibia with 2 posterior setae; mid tibia with 1–3 anterodorsal setae; male with or without proclinate orbital setae; male claws and pulvilli distinctly longer than 5th tarsomere.......................................................................................... 17

16. Basal scutellar setae present; gena narrow, 0.25–0.30 of eye height; parafacial well narrowed below, distinctly narrower than postpedicel at middle height; antenna with postpedicel about 4.5 times as long as pedicel in male, about 4.0 times in female; wing only weakly tinged with pale brown on apical portion........................ arctogena Shima & Tachi , sp. nov.

- Basal scutellar setae absent; gena wide, 0.37–0.40 of eye height; parafacial weakly narrowed below, at least as wide as postpedicel at mid height; postpedicel 5.0–5.5 times as long as pedicel in male, about 4.5 times in female; wing with distinct brownish tinge on apical portion, especially in female................................................... nobilis Mesnil

17. Hairs on thorax and abdomen all black, in some cases fine, whitish short hairs mixed with black hairs on parafacial, but not on katepisternum and venter of abdominal base............................................................... 18

- Parafacial, postgena, lower portion of katepisternum and ventral portion of abdominal base with whitish hairs......... .. 19

18. Mid tibia with 1 (uncommonly 2) anterodorsal setae in male, 2 in female; gena wide, 0.33–0.37 of eye height in both sexes; basal scutellar setae short, at most as long as scutellum; abdomen without lateral discal setae on 3rd and 4th tergites; male with or without proclinate orbital setae, when present, usually only 1; palpus brown to reddish-yellow.......... humilis Shima

- Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae in male, 3 in female; gena narrower, less than 0.3 of eye height; basal scutellar setae well developed, more than twice as long as scutellum; abdomen with lateral discal setae on 3rd and 4th tergites; male with 2 proclinate orbital setae; palpus black.............................................................. formosana Shima

19. Wing with costa bare above, at most with a few setulae on 1st or 2nd costal sector; inner vertical setae crossed; vertex narrow in male, about 0.2 of head width....................................................... albipila Shima & Chao

- Costa haired above; inner vertical setae parallel to each other; vertex wider, about 0.25 of head width in male, about 0.30 in female............................................................................................. 20

20. Zero or 1 presutural and no postsutural acrostichal seta; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae in male, 3 in female (uppermost seta fine).................................................................................... takanoi Mesnil

- One presutural and 1 postsutural acrostichal setae; mid tibia with only 1 anterodorsal seta in male, 2 in female................................................................................... sichuana Shima & Zhang , sp. nov.