Phyllomya gymnops ( Villeneuve, 1937 )

Shima, Hiroshi, Zhang, Wenxia & Tachi, Takuji, 2022, A systematic study of Old World Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), Zootaxa 5099 (4), pp. 401-449 : 424-425

Phyllomya gymnops ( Villeneuve, 1937)

( Figs 19 , 28 , 62 , 79 , 91 , 111 , 137–138 )

Macquartia gymnops Villeneuve, 1937: 7 . Lectotype male (USNM, examined), by designation of Crosskey (1976). Type locality: China, [Sichuan], Tatsienlu.

Gibsonomyia gymnops: Mesnil 1975: 1351 (key to species); Crosskey 1976: 72, 186 (conspectus of Oriental tachinids).

Phyllomya gymnops: Herting 1984: 156 (Palearctic catalog); Shima & Chao 1992: 639 (Yunnan tachinids); Herting & Dely- Draskovits 1993: 388 (Palearctic catalog); Richter 2004: 368 (tachinids of Russian Far East); O’Hara et al. 2009: 41 (Chinese catalog).

Diagnosis. Head almost holoptic in male, dichoptic in female; eye bare; palpus yellow; face very short, about 1/2 as long as frons in profile; arista rather short plumose; 0 presutural and 1 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 katepisternal setae; costa bare above, haired below; mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal setae; abdomen with a pair of median discal setae on syntergite 1+2 to 5th tergite; 5th abdominal sternite angulated but not pointed at postero-interior corner of posterior lobe.

Redescription. Body length: 7–9 mm.

Male. Head almost holoptic, eyes very close and fronto-orbital plate obliterated to a narrow line on upper 1/3, black in ground color, lower anterior portion of parafacial brownish, with dense, silvery-gray pruinosity, pruinosity dark gray on occiput; antenna black except brownish apical portion of pedicel and dark brown arista; palpus yellow. Frons at narrowest point less than 1/20 of head width; face very short, about 1/2 as long as frons in profile; parafacial wide, about 2.5 times as wide as postpedicel; gena about 1/3 of eye height. Inner vertical seta fine, about 1/3 as long as eye height; prevertical and proclinate orbital setae absent; 8–12 frontal setae on lower 3/5 of fronto-orbital plate, lowest seta nearly level with base of scape; fronto-orbital plate with rows of dense, fine, long, black hairs outside row of frontal setae; parafacial with 5–6 rows of dense, long, black hairs that descend to level of lower eye margin; gena with genal dilation on posterior 1/2 and lower 4/5, bearing dense, fine, long, black hairs; occiput with dense, black hairs, pale yellowish-white hairs confined to posteromedian and ventral portions. Base of antenna nearly level with lower 1/3 of eye height; antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about length of pedicel; pedicel with a long seta subequal in length to postpedicel; postpedicel 2.0–2.5 times as long as pedicel; arista rather short plumose, total width including plumosity less than 2/3 width of postpedicel. Palpus about as long as pedicel and postpedicel combined. Eye almost bare, at most with very short sparse hairs.

Thorax black in ground color, with grayish-white pruinosity on dorsal portion of postpronotal lobe and notopleural area, a narrow, very thin, grayish transverse band visible on posterior portion of presutural area of scutum along transverse suture, transverse band interrupted mid-dorsally. Zero presutural and 1 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2 presutural and 2 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 1–2 postsutural intra-alar setae, if 2 then anterior seta very fine; 2 katepisternal setae; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae, basal setae about twice as long as scutellum, subapical setae about 2.5 times as long as scutellum and apical setae slightly shorter than basal setae. Wing hyaline, tinged with pale brown on basal and anterior portions; lower calypter pale yellowish-brown; costal spine indistinct; costa bare above, haired below on basal portion and bare beyond apex of subcosta; relative lengths of costal sectors 2, 3 and 4 approximately 2:5.5:2.5; bend of vein M 1 2 times closer to wing margin than to dm-cu crossvein; last section of vein CuA 1 about 1/2 as long as dm-cu crossvein. Legs black; fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae and 2 posterior setae; mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3 preapical dorsal setae; claws and pulvilli elongate, fore claws and pulvilli longer than 5th tarsomere.

Abdomen rather short fusiform, shiny black in ground color, 3rd tergite with a transverse band of whitish pruinosity on anterior 1/3–2/5, pruinose band broadly interrupted mid-dorsally. Syntergite 1+2 to 4th tergite each with a pair of median discal setae, 1–2 lateral discal setae and a row of marginal setae; 5th tergite with rows of strong discal and marginal setae; 5th sternite with posterior lobe rather strongly angulated but not pointed on postero-interior corner. Terminalia: Sixth tergite entire, broadly concave on mid-dorsal portion of anterior margin, without hairs; surstylus broad, narrowed to a blunt apex, with dense hairs; cerci in dorsal view broad along basal portion and narrowed at basal 1/3, parallel-sided to apex, with a distinct suture, in lateral view concave at middle and narrowed to a pointed apex; pregonite flat; postgonite nearly reaching apex of epiphallus; epiphallus long and broad, about 2/3 as long as basiphallus; distiphallus with dorsal sclerite flat, distal membranous area very short, at most 1/5 as long as basal sclerotized portion.

Female. Differing from male as follows: Head dichoptic, vertex about 1/3 of head width; 1 outwardly-directed prevertical and 2 strong proclinate orbital setae; 5–8 frontal setae; fronto-orbital plate with sparse, short hairs; frons 1.7 times as long as face in profile; parafacial about twice as wide as postpedicel at mid height, with 4–5 rows of short fine hairs; gena about 1/2 as wide as eye height, with genal dilation on its posterior and lower 1/2; claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; abdomen almost entirely shiny black, without pruinosity. Terminalia: 6th tergite long, entire, anterior margin weakly concave, with rows of strong setae on posterior portion; 6th sternite rather long, with fine hairs on submedian portion and a row of short marginal setae; 7th tergite narrowly divided into 2 hemitergites, with a row of short hairs marginally; 7th sternite shorter than 6th sternite, with short hairs on posterior 1/2; 8th hemitergite short, narrowly separated from hypoproct on median portion, curved anteriorly on lower portion and fused with 8th sternite; 8th sternite at most as long as 7th sternite.

Description of first instar larva. Body length 0.75–1.25 mm; cephaloskeleton narrow on apical 1/3, dorsal margin weakly concave on apical 2/5 and very weakly convex near middle; 2nd thoracic segment without distinct spinules; 2nd to 7th abdominal segments each with 6–7 rows of posteroventral bands of spinules; 7th abdominal segment with several spinules on posterolateral margin.

Type material examined. Lectotype ♂: [ China, Sichuan] Tatsienlu / 8000–9000 ft / viii. 10.30 // China-Tibet Border / DC Graham ( USNM).

Additional material examined. China, Shaanxi: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, SSW of Banfangzi, Shuimoping, 1500–1800 m, 6.vii.1997, H. Shima & T. Saigusa ; Sichuan: 1 ♂, Jiuzhaigou, Ta-zhan , 1.viii.1993, X. Lin ; 2 ♀ ♀, Jiuzhaigou , Dao- ban, 2400 m, 3.viii.1993, H. Shima & A. Nakanishi ; 2 ♀♀, Songfan [= Songpan], Huanlong , 2900 m, 7.viii.1993, H. Shima (all KUM) ; 12 ♀♀, Kanding, Yulin , 3000 m., 20.viii.1993, H. Shima & W. Zhang ( KUM, IZCAS) ; Yunnan: 1 ♀, Zhongdian, Xiaozhongdian , 24.viii.1983, X. Liang ( KIZ) .

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan).

Remarks. The head profile of this species was well illustrated by Villeneuve (1937), showing the short face and dense hairs on the parafacial. As Villeneuve (1937) mentioned, this species resembles P. annularis in general appearance, from which it is easily distinguished by the longer body shape, bare eye and yellowish palpus.

Figures

FIGURES 12–20. Epandrium, surstylus and cerci of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 12. P. albipila Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 13. P. angusta Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 14. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 15. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima) (after Mesnil & Shima 1978). 16. P. elegans Villeneuve. 17. P. formosana Shima (after Shima 1988). 18. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 19. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 20. P. humilis Shima (after Shima 1988). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 21–29. Epandrium, surstylus and cerci of Phyllomya spp., dorsal view. 21. P. albipila Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 22. P. angusta Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992). 23. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 24. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima) (after Mesnil & Shima 1978). 25. P. elegans Villeneuve. 26. P. formosana Shima (after Shima 1988). 27. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 28. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 29. P. humilis Shima (after Shima 1988). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 59–63. Hypandrium, pre- and postgonite and phallus of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 59. P. elegans Villeneuve. 60. P. formosana Shima (after Shima 1988). 61. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 62. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 63. P. humilis Shima (after Shima 1988). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 79–83. Male 5th sternite of Phyllomya spp., ventral view. 79. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 80. P. humilis Shima (after Shima 1988). 81. P. japonica Shima (after Shima 1998). 82. P. nobilis Mesnil (after Shima 1998). 83. P. palpalis Shima & Chao (after Shima & Chao 1992).

FIGURES 91–94. Female terminalia of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 91. P. gymnops (Villeneuve). 92. P. humilis Shima. 93. P. japonica Shima. 94. P. nobilis Mesnil. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 101–111. Adult habitus/male head of Phyllomya spp., left lateral view. 101. P. albipila Shima & Chao. 102. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 103–104. P. arctogena Shima & Tachi, sp. nov. 105. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima). 106–107. P. chaoi Shima & Zhang, sp. nov. 108. P. elegans Villeneuve. 109. P. formosana Shima. 110. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey (female). 111. P. gymnops (Villeneuve).

FIGURES 127–138. First instar larva and cephaloskeleton of Phyllomya spp., lateral view. 127–128. P. annularis (Villeneuve). 129–130. P. arctogena Shima & Tachi, sp. nov. 131–132. P. aristalis (Mesnil & Shima). 133–134. P. chaoi Shima & Zhang, sp. nov. 135–136. P. gibsonomyioides Crosskey. 137–138. P. gymnops (Villeneuve).Abbreviations: T2 and T3 = thoracic segments 2 and 3. A1 to A7 = abdominal segments 1 to 7.