Zolus carinatus ( Broun, 1882 )

Larochelle, Larivière, Marie-Claude, Larochelle & Larivière, 2017, Synopsis of the tribe Zolini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Insecta Mundi 2017 (594), pp. 1-110 : 11-12

Zolus carinatus ( Broun, 1882) , reinstated

Fig. 21 , 68 , 154

Oöpterus carinatus Broun, 1882: 224 (near Wellington; redescribed in 1883: 224 and 1886: 754). Holotype: male (BMNH) labeled: “[Male symbol] (hand-written) / 1339. (typed) / Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Zolus carinatus (hand-written).”

Zolus atratus Broun, 1893: 1002 . Holotype: female (BMNH) labeled: “Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / [female symbol] (hand-written) / 1796. (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / [TK] Mount Egmont [= Taranaki] (typed) / Zolus atratus (hand-written).” New synonym

Zolus femoralis Broun, 1894: 311 . Holotype: female (BMNH) labeled: “ Type (circular red-bordered label; typed) / 2658. [male symbol] (hand-written) / Wellington (typed) / 2.9.1893. J. H. Lewis (hand-written) / New Zealand. Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922–482. (white label with red horizontal line; typed) / Zolus femoralis (hand-written).” New synonym

Zolus carinatus: Hutton 1904: 148 . Combination reinstated

Pseudoopterus carinatus: Csiki 1928: 225 .

Oopterus atratus: Jeannel 1940: 92 .

Oopterus femoralis: Jeannel 1940: 92 .

Zolus femoralis: May 1967: 177 .

Zolus atratus: Townsend 1997: 12 .

Oopterus carinatus: Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 45 .

Oopterus atratus: Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 45 .

Oopterus femoralis: Larochelle and Larivière 2007: 45 .

Description. Body length 7.3–9.2 mm. Head, pronotum, and elytra mostly piceous black; abdomen mostly dark brown, yellow laterally and apically; lateral margins of elytra reddish; antennae, palpi, and legs reddish; femora pale yellow basally. Microsculpture moderately strong and isodiametric on head, very strong and transverse (with microlines) on pronotum and elytra. Iridescence absent on head, very strong on pronotum and elytra. Very shiny, without metallic luster. Head. Labrum moderately transverse, slightly emarginate anteriorly. Antennae subfiliform, very long: segment 1 (scape) moderately long, about 2x longer than its maximum width. Frontal furrows wide, shallow, convergent. Eyes moderately convex; a single setiferous puncture on inner side of each eye (posteriorly). Tempora not inflated. Mentum: medial tooth entire, acute apically, moderately shorter than lateral lobes. Paraglossae membranous, prominent, about as long as ligula. Thorax. Pronotum strongly convex, finely punctate across base, wrinkled (discally, medioapically, and between laterobasal foveae), subquadrate, widest before middle; apex subtruncate; anterolateral angles poorly developed, rounded; anterior bead complete; sides moderately rounded, moderately sinuate posteriorly; lateral grooves very deep, very long (about as long as adjoining foveae); setiferous punctures absent on each side; posterolateral angles subrectangular; posterolateral carinae sharp, very long (about as long adjoining foveae); laterobasal foveae well defined, finely punctate, very deep and wide, square, prolonged forward, simple; posterior bead absent; base emarginate, much narrower than pronotal apex, about as wide as elytral base. Legs. Very long. Elytra. Moderately convex, ovate, widest about middle (wider at base than in other Zolus species ). Basal margin complete, reaching about scutellum. Shoulders obtuse. Sides strongly rounded. Scutellar striole present. Striae complete, moderately deep, impunctate or finely punctate; stria 3 or interval 3 with three setiferous punctures. Recurrent stria long, sharp, directed apically toward stria 5, 6 or 7. Intervals subdepressed. Sutural apices obtusely rounded. Abdomen. Last visible sternum (sternum VII): male with two apical ambulatory setae; female with four apical ambulatory setae. Aedeagus. Lateral view ( Fig. 68 ): strongly arcuate, not widened in apical half; base slightly convex dorsally; middle subparallel, almost straight dorsally, moderately concave ventrally, with dorsal membranous area moderately wide and very long; apex subtriangular, slightly convex dorsally, slightly concave ventrally, with extreme tip narrow and long. Dorsal view: very wide, asymmetrical (ostium of membranous area deflected to right); apex straight; basal orifice wide, closed anteriorly, moderately distant from membranous area. Parameres with five to seven apical setae.

Material examined. 545 specimens ( BMNH, CMNH, CMNZ, JNNZ, LUNZ, MONZ, NZAC).

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 154 ). North Island: AK, BP, GB, HB, RI, TK, TO, WA, WI, WN, WO.

Ecology. Lowland, montane, subalpine. Epigean-arboreal. Wet or dry forests (beech, broadleaf, podocarp). Shaded ground. Nocturnal; active at night on trees and logs; hides during the day in fallen branches and in rotten logs. Gregarious.

Biology. Seasonality: throughout the year, except June. Predacious (based on mouthpart morphology).

Dispersal power. Subapterous (incapable of flight). Fast runner. Occasional climber on trees and logs.

Collecting techniques. Breaking rotten branches and logs; pitfall trapping.

References. Larochelle and Larivière 2001: 78 (as Zolus carinatus , Z. atratus , Z. femoralis ; catalogue; biology, dispersal power, ecology, geographic distribution, references), 2007: 45, 118 (as Oopterus carinatus , O. atratus , O. femoralis ; taxonomy), 2016: 20 (as Oopterus carinatus , O. atratus , O. femoralis ; list).

Remark. Examination of the types of Zolus atratus and Z. femoralis revealed them to be conspecific with Z. carinatus .

Figures

Figures 19–22. Dorsal habitus. 19) Zolus subopacus. 20) Z. kauriensis new species, teneral. 21) Z. carinatus. 22) Z. helmsi. Scale line = 1 mm.

Figures 66–73. Aedeagi, lateral. 66) Zolus subopacus. 67) Z. kauriensis new species. 68) Z. carinatus. 69) Z. helmsi. 70) Z. wongi new species. 71) Oopterus suavis. 72) O. laevicollis. 73) O. quadripunctatus new species.

Figures 154–158. Species distribution maps. 154) Zolus carinatus. 155) Z. helmsi. 156) Z. kauriensis new species. 157) Z. subopacus. 158) Z. wongi new species.