Lycoris insularis S.Y.Zhang & J.W.Shao, 2022

Zhang, Si-Yu, Wang, Hao-Tian, Hu, Ying-Feng, Zhang, Wei, Hu, Song & Shao, Jian-Wen, 2022, Lycoris insularis (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from eastern China revealed by morphological and molecular evidence, PhytoKeys 206, pp. 153-165 : 153

Lycoris insularis S.Y.Zhang & J.W.Shao sp. nov.

Fig. 6

Type.

China. Zhejiang, Zhoushan City, Dinghai District, Damao Island , 29°56'55.4"N, 122°3'9.46"E, under the broad-leaved forest near the water on the Island, 22 m a.s.l., 18 August 2019, S.Y. Zhang, ZSY201908001 (holotype: ANUB008515!; isotypes: ANUB008516!, ANUB008517!, CSH0192378!, NPH001410!) .

Diagnosis.

The new species resembles Lycoris sprengeri by young leaves swirling and rising, tepals usually pink with blue apex and tepals length substantially similar, but differs in significantly longer perianth tube (1.5-2.5 cm vs. 0.5-1.3 cm).

Description.

Perennial herb. Bulb subglobose or ovate, 3-5 cm in diameter, covered brown epidermis, with fine lines on the epidermis. Leaves linear, often 6-9, blunt apex, appearing in winter or early spring, 40-60 cm long, 6-15 mm wide, pale green, mid-rib slightly sunken, covered with a little white powder. Inflorescence scapose, 40-60 cm high, green or reddish-brown; two spathe bracts, lanceolate, about 3 cm long, 8-12 mm wide; 5-7 flowers per umbels, pedicels 1.5-3 cm long, diameter about 3 mm; flowers usually pink with blue apex, occasionally white, blue or all pink; perianth lobes oblanceolate, 4.5-7 cm long, about 0.9-1.5 cm wide, apex slightly reversed; perianth tubes cream or pink, about 15-25 mm long. Filaments 5-7 cm long, pink, slightly longer than tepals; anther yellow, 3-5 mm long; pistil length 6-10 cm, pink or with purple apex. Ovary 5 mm in diameter, spherical and green. Capsules three-lobed, green or with light brown when mature; seeds black, spherical, about 7 mm in diameter.

Phenology.

Flowering from late July to late September; fruiting in September to October; leaves growing in winter or early spring (December to February of the following year).

Distribution and habitat.

Most of the populations grow on the hillsides or island slopes near the sea (the coastal areas of Shanghai City, Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province) and sporadic populations grow around the inland hills and valleys (Fig. 7 ).

Chinese Name.

Hăi bīn shí suàn (海滨石蒜).

Etymology.

Latin insula, island, and -aris, belonging to; the specific epithet alludes to occurrence of the new species in Damao Island.

Reproduction.

This species can reproduce asexually by duplication of bulbs (about three times per two years) and also can sexually reproduce through seeds, taking about five years from seed germination to flowering.

Conservation status.

Compared with other species in Lycoris , L. insularis has a wider distribution area and many populations grow on inaccessible islands. After our field investigation, a large number of bulbs in Yixing and Huzhou were excavated for greening and landscaping, but there are still a large number of L. insularis populations in the wild in other areas. Thus, we classified its conservation status as LC (Least Concern), according to the IUCN Red List Criteria ( IUCN 2019).

Additional specimen examined (paratypes).

China. Jiangsu Province: Yixing City, Shanjuan Cave, 25 Aug 1960, Wen-zhe Fang 00110645 (PE); Shanghai City: Songjiang District, Tianma Mountain, 8 Sept 1963, Guang-jin Fan 00110641 (PE); Songjiang District, Tianma Mountain, alt. 59 m, 14 Sept 2013, Ting Zhang 1393054 (KUN); Songjiang District, Dongshe Mountain, alt. 21 m, 28 Jul 2015, Bin-jie Ge, Tian Li CSH0098245 (CSH); Zhejiang Province: Putuo District, Taohua Island, alt. 19 m, 18 Sept 2017, Yong-jie Guo, Li Huang, Zheng-yu Zuo & Ting Guo 1446199 (KUN); Jiaojiang County, Jiangshan Island, alt. 3 m, 25 Oct 2016, Yong-jie Guo, Qiao-rong Zhang, Li Huang, Lian-yi Li, Pei Li, De-ming He, Ying-hong Yang 1451350 (KUN); Ruian County, Shuangfengshan Island, alt. 46 m, 11 Oct 2017, Y ong-jie Guo, Qiao-rong Zhang, Yun-hua Fang, Xing-xu Sun 1450112 (KUN); Putuo District, Putuo Mountain, alt. 62 m, 24 Aug 2015, Bao-cheng Wu NAS00591943, NAS00591944, NAS00591945 (NAS); Putuo District, Xiaomayi Island, 26 Jul 2011 Qi Tian, Zheng-wei Wang CSH0116798 (CSH); Putuo District, Daqing Mountain, alt.18 m, 21 Sept 2015, Bin-jie Ge, Xu Yuan CSH0101312 (CSH); Daishan County, Yushan Village, 21 Sept 2012, Xi-yang Ye CSH0032460 (CSH).

Figures

Figure 6. Morphology of Lycoris insularis S. Y. Zhang & J. W. Shao, sp. nov. A inflorescence B habitat C plants in leaf stage D, E, F different individuals G anatomy of the flower H fruit I bulbs G was photographed by Cheng-sheng Li.

Figure 7. Distribution map of Lycoris insularis S. Y. Zhang & J. W. Shao, sp. nov. and L. sprengeri Comes ex Baker. Distribution information is based on specimen inspections and actual surveys. Xiangyang City is the origin of the type specimen of L. sprengeri.