Hieracium australe Fries (1848: 120)

Orsenigo, Simone, Gottschlich, Günter & Galasso, Gabriele, 2019, The typification and identity of Hieracium australe Fr. (Asteraceae), Phytotaxa 388 (2), pp. 207-211 : 208-209

Hieracium australe Fries (1848: 120)

Type (neotype, here designated):— ITALY. Lombardia: Mediolanum (Milano) in moenis occidentalibus oppida sfortiensis (Castello Sforzesco), obvium, alt. 127 m., 15 July 1926, Luigi Fenaroli [Flora Italica Exsiccata n. 2999] ( FI barcode FI 051944! sub H.

australe Fr. subsp. mediolanense Fen. & Zahn ( Figure 1); isoneotypes CAT-000919 [digital image!], FI051943 !, LAU!, MI!, PAD!, RO!, TO!, WU !).

– Hieracium insuetum subsp. mediolanense Fen. & Zahn in Fenaroli (1925a: 97), nom. inval. (nom. prov., nom. nud.)

– Hieracium australe subsp. mediolanense Fenaroli & Zahn [1927: 27 (–28)] [15 June 1927], nom. inval. (Art. 26.2 of the ICN)

The name Hieracium australe subsp. mediolanense Fenaroli & Zahn was subsequently re-used in at least two different publications by Luigi Fenaroli (Fenaroli 1927, Fenaroli 1929). At that time, but also in the XIX century, it was quite common in Italy to republish (even several times) the same name in different journals, in order to better spread new species or research among botanists.

Description: — Stem (20–)40–80(–120) cm, robust, reddish green, with numerous simple eglandular hairs, few stellate hairs, glandular hairs absent. Leaves (10–)15–25(–30), all cauline, the lower with a 3–5(–7) cm long winged petiole, a little crowded in the middle of the stem, ovate lanceolate to elliptical, acute, the upper gradually reduced in size upwards, ovate, serrate, subpetiolate or sessile with a rounded base. Synflorescence paniculate with 8–12(–15) branches, 5–15(–20) cm long, each with 1–3(–5) capitula. Peduncles suberect with dense stellate hairs, numerous pale simple glandular hairs absent, upwards with 4–7 bracts. Capitula (10–)12–14(–16) mm in diameter, rounded at base. Involucral bracts 10–12 mm, gradually extended from the outside to inside, dark green with broad pale margin, acute at apex, with numerous white simple eglandular hairs with black base, few glandular hairs 0.4–0.7 mm long and few stellate hairs along the margin. Ligules yellow, glabrous. Styles yellow with black papillas. Receptacular pits with margins fibrillous-dentate. Achenes 3.0– 3.5 mm, blackish-brown. Flowering time from June to September.

Distribution: — Hieracium australe in its present taxonomical scope is distributed in France, Italy, Hungary and Romania ( Greuter & Raab-Straube 2008); subsp. australe is endemic to Milan in Italy.

Ecology: —The majority of subspecies of Hieracium australe grows in woods and forest clearings; Hieracium australe subsp. australe grows on the ancient walls of the city of Milan and in particular on the walls of the Sforza castle ( Fenu et al. 2016; Zahn 1910).