Augochlora australis, Lepeco & Gonçalves, 2020

Lepeco, Anderson & Gonçalves, Rodrigo Barbosa, 2020, A revision of the bee genus Augochlora Smith (Hymenoptera; Apoidea) in Southern South America, Zootaxa 4897 (1), pp. 1-97 : 8-10

Males (males of A. australis sp.nov., A. helena sp. nov, A. hirsuta sp.nov., and A. jugalis are unknown)

1 T1 medially punctate subapically ( Fig. 3D ) or entirely weakly punctate; hind basitarsus pale yellowish; metapostnotum usually as long as or longer than scutellum; F1 always as long as F2; T2 with premarginal setae almost reaching apical margin on sublateral surfaces; gonostylus, outer lobe of ventral process with setae longer than inner lobe (as in Figs. 51K, L ); body usually green with golden reflections, blue iridescences usually faint or absent........................... 2 ( Oxystoglossella )

- T1 medially with an impunctate area subapically ( Fig. 3E ); hind basitarsus light brown to black, rarely pale yellowish; metapostnotum shorter than scutellum; F1 sometimes shorter than F2; T2 with premarginal setae apex ending far before apical margin on sublateral surfaces; gonostylus, outer lobe of ventral process with setae shorter than inner lobe (as in Figs. 50 A–I and 51A, J) body color variable, usually with blue iridescences................................ 5 ( Augochlora s. str.)

2(1) S4 with a tuft of thick setae on medioapical margin; S5 depressed transversally on median surface; hind basitarsus about 5x longer than maximum width, slightly narrowed apically; clypeus apex and labrum creamy white...... A. mendax sp. nov.

- S4 without a distinct tuft of thick setae on medioapical margin; S5 not depressed transversally on median surface; hind basitarsus more than 6.5x longer than maximum width, parallel sided; clypeus apex and labrum color variable ............... 3

3(2) Preepisternum rugose, without distinct punctures; mesoscutum anterior border rugulose; metasoma with copper-red reflections........................................................................... A. morrae Strand, 1910

- Preepisternum punctate near pronotal lobe; mesoscutum anterior border not rugulose; metasoma usually without copper-red reflections.......................................................................................... 4

4(3) Clypeus apex with yellowish band; metapostnotum concave, apex microreticulate; S5 with a glabrous patch medially.................................................................................... A. aurinasis (Vachal, 1911)

- Clypeus apex without yellowish band; metapostnotum not concave, entirely carinate; S5 without glabrous patch medially............................................................................. A. iphigenia Holmberg, 1886

5(1) Metasoma with strong copper-red reflections; hind-basitarsus about 5x longer than maximum width; mesoscutum disc contigu- ously punctate......................................................................... A. hestia sp. nov.

- Metasoma never with strong copper-red reflections; hind basitarsus more than 6.5x longer than maximum width; mesoscutum disc densely to sparsely punctate........................................................................ 6

6(5) T1 apex not inflexed ( Fig. 2A ); F1 as long as F2; F3 usually wider than long; hind tibia anterior surface always with abundant tiny setae among long setae; mesoscutum densely punctate (I <PD)............................................ 7

- T1 apex inflexed ( Fig. 2B ), stronger and forming a tubular border in A. mulleri ; F1 shorter than F2; F3 never wider than long; hind tibia anterior surface usually without abundant tiny setae among long setae (sparse tiny setae in A. atlantica sp. nov.); punctation on mesoscutum variable ...................................................................... 9

7(6) Clypeus distinctly longer than wide, pronounced, giving an elongated aspect to the head ( Fig. 16B ); S1 without elevation (as in Fig. 1H ).......................................................................... A. esox (Vachal, 1911)

- Clypeus about as long as wide, not pronounced; S1 with a slight tuberculate elevation (as in Fig. 1I ).................. 8

8(7) Preepisternum crowded punctate; T1 and T2 with tiny punctures; body usually green with golden reflections and brownish areas on metasomal terga...................................................... A. braziliensis (Vachal, 1911)

- Preepisternum contiguously punctate; T1 and T2 with average size punctures; body usually green with blue iridescences, although entirely blue or black specimens are common..................................... A. daphnis Smith, 1853

9(6) Mesoscutum and mesepisternum with foveate punctation ( Figs. 18A, C and 35A, C ); propodeum lateral carinae ending above propodeum half, mixing with foveate punctures; fore and mid femora strongly swollen............................ 10

- Mesoscutum and mesepisternum punctation variable, small to coarse punctures, never foveate; propodeum lateral carinae ending below propodeum half; fore and mid femora usually not swollen, if swollen then body never with foveate punctures.. 11

10(9) Preepisternum densely to contiguously punctate near pronotal lobe; posterior margin of fore femur regularly rounded; postgena densely pubescent; lateral areas of mesosoma mostly black or dark blue; head usually copper-red.................................................................................................. A. perimelas Cockerell, 1900

- Preepisternum crowded punctate near pronotal lobe, without well-defined punctures; posterior margin of fore femur angulate; postgena pubescence forming a distinctly dense brush; lateral areas of mesosoma with green reflection; head usually green with golden reflection............................................................... A. foxiana Cockerell, 1900

11(9) With the following combination: clypeus apex without yellowish band, apical border hidden below ( Figs. 20B and 41C ); labrum black; preepisternum crowded punctate to rugose; T2 marginal area with punctate portion as long as or shorter than impunctate apical black band (as in Fig. 3G ).............................................................. 12

- Without the combination above........................................................................ 13

12(11) T1 anterior surface without abundant tiny setae among long setae, dorsal surface usually with purplish iridescences; hypoepimeral area contiguously to crowded punctate......................................... A. francisca Schrottky, 1902

- T1 anterior surface with abundant tiny setae among long setae, dorsal surface without purplish iridescences; hypoepimeral area densely punctate..................................................................... A. scabrata sp. nov.

13(11) T1 densely punctate, punctures coarse ( Fig. 31D ), apex inflection forming a tubular border; T2 disc strongly protuberant; mesoscutum disc densely punctate (I <PD)............................................. A. mulleri Cockerell, 1900

- T1 sparsely punctate, tiny to average size punctures, apex not forming a tubular border ( Fig. 2B ); T2 disc not strongly protuberant; mesoscutum disc punctation variable ................................................................ 14

14(13) T1 anterior surface with abundant tiny setae among long setae; mesoscutum dorsally darkened, sparsely punctate posterior to median line; hind tibia anterior surface with sparse tiny setae among long setae; metapostnotum medially almost as long as scutellum........................................................................... A. atlantica sp. nov.

- T1 anterior surface without abundant tiny setae among long setae; mesoscutum usually not darkened, punctation variable; hindtibia anterior surface without tiny setae among long setae; metapostnotum usually far shorter than scutellum........... 15

15(14) Clypeus apex without yellowish marks.................................................................. 16

- Clypeus apex with yellowish band, sometimes restricted to corners............................................ 18

16(15) Sublateral surface of T2 marginal area with punctate portion usually as long as or longer than impunctate apical dark band ( Fig. 3F ); preepisternum contiguously punctate; pronotum dorsolateral angle obtuse and reflexed upwards (as in Fig. 3C )........................................................................................... A. genalis sp. nov.

- Sublateral surface of T2 marginal area with punctate portion shorter than apical dark band ( Fig. 3G ); preepisternum densely punctate; pronotum dorsolateral angle usually not reflexed upwards........................................... 17

17(16) Mesoscutum with sparser punctation on disc (I> PD), microreticulate in between, usually with copper reflections; labrum, flagellum ventral surface, tibiae and tarsi yellow to brown............................. A. cydippe (Schrottky, 1910)

- Mesoscutum punctation on disc not so sparser (I <PD), smooth in between, usually without copper reflections; labrum, flagellum ventral surface, tibiae and tarsi black.......................................... A. nausicaa ( Schrottky, 1909)

18(15) Mesoscutum disc punctate to densely punctate (I <PD)..................................................... 19

- Mesoscutum disc sparsely punctate (I> PD).............................................................. 21

19(18) Clypeus wider than long; F1 with the same color as F2; body usually blue, without golden reflections.................................................................................................. A. laevicarinata sp. nov.

- Clypeus not wider than long; F1 distinctly lighter than F2; body frequently with golden reflections................... 20

20(19) T3 coarsely punctate near base, loosely imbricate on disc; T2 smooth near marginal area....... A. seitzi (Cockerell, 1929)

- T3 weakly punctate near base, strongly imbricate on disc; T2 loosely imbricate near marginal area.............................................................................................. A. phoemonoe ( Schrottky, 1909)

21(18) Mesoscutum disc darkened, punctures coarse; scape usually with green reflection; metapostnotum posterior surface slightly protuberant and with transversal carinae............................................ A. pyrgo (Schrottky, 1910)

- Mesoscutum disc not darkened, average size punctures; scape without green reflection; metapostnotum posterior surface not protuberant, transversal carinae absent................................................................... 22

22(21) Antennae brownish and with elongate aspect (F3 usually much longer than wide); S3 entirely with dense pubescence; hind basitarsus brownish; mesoscutum usually with golden reflection...................... A. thusnelda ( Schrottky, 1909)

- Antennae dark and with shortened aspect (F3 usually about as long as wide); S3 with dense pubescence only on apical third; hind basitarsus pale yellowish; mesoscutum usually without golden reflection............. A. caerulior Cockerell, 1900

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–C) Female mandible, anterior view. A) Augochlora aurinasis (Vachal); B) Augochlora daphnis Smith; C) Augochlora genalis sp. nov. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. D–G) Female mid trochanter, anterior view. D) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); E) Augochlora francisca (Schrottky); F) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky); G) Augochlora mulleri Cockerell. H–L) Female metasoma, anterior portion (T1 and S1), lateral view. H) Augochlora thusnelda (Schrottky); I) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); J) Augochlora braziliensis (Vachal); K) Augochlora francisca Schrottky; L) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky). D–L not in scale.

FIGURE 2. Male T1. A) Augochlora braziliensis Vachal; B) Augochlora thusnelda (Schrottky). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3. A–C) Female pronotum, dorsal view. A) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky); B) Augochlora australis sp. nov.; C) Augochlora genalis sp. nov. D–E) Male T1, dorsal view. D) Augochlora morrae Strand; E) Augochlora caerulior Cockerell. F–G) Female T2, dorsal view. F) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky); G) Augochlora mulleri Cockerell. A–C and F–G at same scale. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 16. Male of Augochlora esox (Vachal). A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 18. Male of Augochlora foxiana Cockerell. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 20. Male of Augochlora francisca Schrottky. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 31. Male of Augochlora mulleri Cockerell. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 35. Male of Augochlora perimelas Cockerell. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 41. Male of Augochlora scabrata sp. nov. A) habitus, B) frontal view of head, C) dorsal view of mesosoma, D) dorsal view of metasoma. Scale bar: 1.0 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 50. Male genitalia, ventral view. A) Augochlora genalis sp. nov., B) Augochlora foxiana Cockerell, C) Augochlora francisca Schrottky, D) Augochlora mulleri Cockerell, E) Augochlora seitzi Cockerell, F) Augochlora pyrgo (Schrottky), G) Augochlora thusnelda (Schrottky), H) Augochlora caerulior Cockerell, I) Augochlora hestia sp. nov. Scale bar: 0.5 mm, all at same scale.

FIGURE 51. Male genitalia, ventral view. A) Augochlora daphnis Smith, B) Augochlora perimelas Cockerell, C) Augochlora scabrata sp. nov., D) Augochlora braziliensis Vachal, E) Augochlora cydippe (Schrottky), F) Augochlora nausicaa (Schrottky), G) Augochlora esox Vachal, H) Augochlora atlantica sp. nov., I) Augochlora laevicarinata sp. nov., J) Augochlora phoemonoe (Schrottky), K) Augochlora mendax sp. nov., L) Augochlora iphigenia Holmberg. Scale bar: 0.5 mm, all at same scale.