Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Niceville , 1889 (new record to China)

Xue, Gou-Xi, Inayoshi, Yutaka, Li, Meng, Zhang, Fu-Ming, Lai, Da-Kun & Tian, Hai-Ying, 2020, New records of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Niceville, 1889 and C. munda (Moore, 1884) from China (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), ZooKeys 985, pp. 61-70 : 61

Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Niceville, 1889 (new record to China) Figs 1-3

Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889: 181. Type locality: Bhutan; Evans 1949: 95; Eliot 1959: 383; Osada et al. 1999: 188; Kimura et al. 2011: 33; Ek-Amnury 2012: 798; Nakamura and Wakahara 2012: 57; Monastyrskii and Devyatkin 2015: 72.

Material examined.

Material dissected and sequenced: 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID CQ164, CQ165; DNA voucher ID A58, A59]; 1♂, China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Jinzhuzhai, 27 April 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID YN25, DNA voucher ID A56]. Material dissected: 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 17 June 2007, 23 September 2007, 500-1,000 m [Dissection ID CQ125, CQ67]; 1♂ 1♀, Thailand, Nan, Doi Phu Kha, 4, 18 October 1991, leg. Inayoshi Yutaka [Dissection ID Th1, Th2]. Material sequenced: 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [DNA voucher ID A57, A60]. Other material examined: China • 1♀, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue; 2♀♀, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 17 June 2007, 23 September 2007, 500-1,000 m. Vietnam • 1♂, Lam Dong Province, near Dalat City, Nong Trai, 1,200 m, 16 August 2003, leg. Kotaro Saito; 1♂, Dalat City, Nong Trai, 10 September 2008, leg. T. Saito; 2♂♂, Dalat City, Nong Trai, 1,200 m, 12 April 2009, 24 May 2009, leg. Kotaro Saito.

Molecular analysis.

A 658 bp partial COI sequence was successfully generated from each specimen used for DNA extraction (Table 1 ) via PCR and sequencing. The alignment of all the sequences used to perform a phylogenetic analysis is provided in Suppl. material 1. In the NJ tree (Fig. 5 ), the five voucher specimens were clustered into one clade, within which the mean K-2-P distance is 0 (Table 2 ), indicating they belong to the same species.

Description.

Male genitalia (Fig. 6 ). In lateral view, tegumen protruding anteriorly; a small triangular plate at base of uncus; basal half of uncus pointed downwards at approximately 45°, distal half of uncus upturned and then slightly bent downwards, tapered into a sharp point; gnathos sickle-shaped, basal portion wide and elongated; saccus upturned, length about one third of the height of genitalia capsule. In dorsal view, basal half of tegumen semicircular; distal part of uncus widely bifid, tapered and bluntly pointed. In ventral view, left and right parts of gnathos separated. Distal half of valva bifid with a slender, sharply pointed dorsal branch curving downwards in lateral view and inwards in dorsal view, and a short blunt ventral branch. Aedeagus very robust; cornuti anchor shaped, extremely developed and sclerotized. Juxta V-shaped.

Female genitalia (Fig. 7 ). Papillae anales trapezoidal, covered with short setae. Apophyses posteriors twice as long as papillae anales. Lamella postvaginalis, lamella antevaginalis and antrum merged together, with an elongated plate on each side of ostium. Ostium round, rather large. Ductus bursae short. Bursa copulatrix decorated with longitudinal striae, composed of two big bursae, dorsal side of first one coriaceous, with a longitudinal ridge and a number of transversal grooves.

Discussion.

According to our years of field surveys, and records in the literature ( Evans 1949; Eliot 1959; Osada et al. 1999; Kimura et al. 2011; Ek-Amnury 2012; Monastyrskii and Devyatkin 2015), Celaenorrhinus pyrrha is a rather rare species throughout its distribution range (Fig. 8 ). In the present study, it is reported from two localities in China: Yingjiang in southwestern Yunnan, adjacent to northern Myanmar; and the Simian Mountain in southwestern Chongqing. The latter is isolated from the known distribution range of C. pyrrha ( Evans 1949; Eliot 1959; Osada et al. 1999; Kimura et al. 2011; Ek-Amnury 2012; Monastyrskii and Devyatkin 2015) and the discovery of this species there is totally unexpected. In the present study, some minor external variations are recognized based upon examined specimens, for example: forewing length ranges from 22.4 cm to 26.0 cm; spaces C and Sc on the dorsal side of forewing may be unmarked, or with one or two small dots above the cell spot. However, we consider these as individual variations rather than intersubspecific differences because they exist in specimens from both Chongqing and Indochina. Genitalia characters of specimens from Chongqing, Yunnan, Thailand and Vietnam are compared for both sexes. According to our observations, the specimens from Chongqing cannot be distinguished by morphological characters, and thus do not represent a separate subspecies. Even so, the geographical isolation of Chongqing compared to other localities is worthy of attention, and C. pyrrha can possibly be expected from Guizhou, Guangxi and eastern Yunnan.

Figures

Figure 5. NJ tree based on Kimura- 2 - Parameter distances for the partial mitochondrial COI sequences of Celaenorrhinus, values at nodes represent the bootstrap support (BP) values.

Figure 6. Male genitalia of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha from Chongqing [Dissection ID CQ 125] A genital capsule, lateral view B genital capsule, dorsal view C genital capsule, ventral view D genital capsule, lateral view, valva and aedeagus removed E tegumen and gnathos, ventral view F right valva, inner surface G aedeagus, lateral view I aedeagus, with cornuti pulled out H aedeagus, dorsal view J juxta, posterior view.

Figure 7. Female genitalia of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha from Chongqing [Dissection ID CQ 67] A ventral view B dorsal view a papillae anales b apophyses posteriors c lamella postvaginalis-lamella antevaginalis-antrum complex d ostium e ductus bursae f bursa copulatrix.

Figure 8. Distribution map of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha and C. munda. Triangle C. pyrrha a Yingjiang (Yunnan Province) b Simian Mountain (Chongqing) Circle C. munda Red C. munda munda Blue C. munda maculicornis Black C. munda joka c Cuona County (Tibet Autonomous Region) d Simla (Type locality of ssp. munda) e Khasi (Type locality of ssp. maculicornis).

Figures 1 - 4. Adults of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha and C. munda munda. 1 - 3 C. pyrrha 1 male, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID CQ 164, DNA voucher ID A 58] 2 male, China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Jinzhuzhai, 27 April 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID YN 25, DNA voucher ID A 56] 3 female, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [DNA voucher ID A 60] 4 C. munda munda, male, China, Tibet, Cuona County, Lebugou, 19 June 2013, leg. Songyun Lang [Dissection ID Tib 1] a dorsal side b ventral side. Scale bars: 1 cm.