Cnemacantha muscaria (Fallén 1823), Fallen, 1823

Semelbauer, Marek & Kozánek, Milan, 2014, The immatures of lauxaniid flies (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) and their taxonomical implications, Zootaxa 3780 (3), pp. 401-454 : 404-408

Cnemacantha muscaria (Fallén 1823)

The living larvae with marked crevices, white, dull due to hairy integument, the Malpighian tubules extended. Egg ( Figs 1, 2 ). Length 0.61–0.65 mm. Ridges well developed; ribs slightly indicated; Chorion smooth in close view but often perforated; posterior tubercle with well developed perforation.

First instar ( Figs 33, 34 ). Length 1.04–1.64 mm. Facial mask moderate, (25 scraping cirri per row); the second row of scraping cirri medially shortened. The peristomal cirri filamentous. The ventral organ lobe-like, with two digitiform processes.

Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 162 ). Length 0.36– 0.27 mm. Mouth hooks with 4–5 apical teeth, the teeth more or les directed laterally; stalked part hyaline.

Second instar ( Figs 35, 36 ). Length 1.57–2.23 mm. Facial mask narrow, up to 10 scraping cirri per row; the scraping cirri in first row very short. The peristomal cirri of two types. Thoracic segments with comb spines anterodorsally. Abdominal segments and anal division covered by stout spines. Anterior spiracles simple, oval.

Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 177 ). Length 0.42–0.45 mm. Mouth hooks robust, strongly converging, ending in 3 robust teeth; dental sclerite massive. Intermediate sclerite strong. Epistomal sclerite semilunar from dorsal view, posterior hyaline plate with two corners at posterior margin. Subhypostomal sclerites stalked, subparallel, anterior tips opposite. Dorsal bridge trapezoid, as long as wide. Dorsal and ventral cornua roughly equal; posterior third of ventral cornua hyaline. Cibarium hyaline.

Third instar ( Figs 37, 38 ). Length 2.23–3.15 mm. The facial mask as in second instar. First thoracic segment dorsally and laterally with comb spines; second and third ones with comb spines all around anterior border. Body segments evenly covered by stout spines. Anterior spiracles with 4 papillae.

Cephaloskeleton ( Fig. 192 ). Length 0.68–0.78 mm. Mouth hooks strong, converging. Intermediates sclerite short, straight from lateral view, tips arched and converging; ventral bridge narrow and arched from ventral view. Epistomal sclerite shorter than broad, posterior hyaline plate with two corners. Subhypostomal sclerites stalked, converging. Dorsal bridge semilunar. Ventral cornua posteriad weakly sclerotised. Cibarium hyaline.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Eggs of Cnemacantha muscaria, Homoneura biumbrata and H. limnea. 1. C. muscaria, dorsal view. 2. Same, detail of egg chorion. 3. H. biumbrata, dorsal view. 4. Same, lateral view of posterior tubercle. 5. Same, detail of the egg chorion. 6. H. limnea, ventral view. 7. Same, detail of the posterior tubercle. 8. Same, detail of the egg chorion.

FIGURES 33 – 38. Cnemacantha muscaria, first (33, 34), second (35, 36) and third (37, 38) instars. 33. Cephalic segment. 34. Detail of the ventral organ. 35. Cephalic segment. 36. The anal division, dorsal view. 37. Cephalic segment. 38. Detail of the facial mask showing the ventral organ. A, antenna; AD, anal division; A 7, seventh abdominal segment; DP, dorsal process; LL, labial lobe; LP, lateral process; MH, mouth hooks; MP, maxillary palpus; PC, peristomal cirri; PS, posterior spiracles; SC, scraping cirri; SC 1, first row of scraping cirri; VO, ventral organ.

FIGURES 162 – 167. Cephaloskeletons of first larval instar, dorsal (top), lateral (middle) and ventral (bottom) view. 162. Cnemacantha muscaria. 163. Homoneura biumbrata. 164. H. limnea. 165. Minettia austriaca. 166. M. fasciata. 167. M. flaviventris. c, cibarium; db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornua; dmh, distal part of mouth hook; es, epistomal sclerite; is, intermediate sclerite; lb, labrum; ls, ligulate sclerite; smh, stalked part of mouth hook; pb, parastomal bar; ss, subhypostomal sclerite; vb, ventral bridge; vc, ventral cornua; vp, vertical plate.

FIGURES 177 – 182. Cephaloskeletons of second larval instar, dorsal (top), lateral (middle) and ventral (bottom) view. 177. Cnemacantha muscaria. 178. Homoneura biumbrata. 179. H. limnea. 180. Minettia austriaca. 181. M. fasciata. 182. M. flaviventris. a, apodeme of ventral cornu c, cibarium; db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornua; ds, dental sclerite; es, epistomal sclerite; is, intermediate sclerite; lb, labrum; ls, ligulate sclerite; mh, mouth hook; pb, parastomal bar; r, rami; ss, subhypostomal sclerite; vb, ventral bridge; vc, ventral cornua; vp, vertical plate.

FIGURES 192 – 197. Cephaloskeletons of third larval instar, dorsal (top), lateral (middle) and ventral (bottom) view. 192. Cnemacantha muscaria. 193. Homoneura biumbrata. 194. H. limnea. 195. Minettia austriaca. 196. M. fasciata. 197. M. flaviventris. a, apodeme of ventral cornu; c, cibarium; db, dorsal bridge; dc, dorsal cornua; es, epistomal sclerite; is, intermediate sclerite; lb, labrum; ls, ligulate sclerite; mh, mouth hook; pb, parastomal bar; r, rami; ss, subhypostomal sclerite; vb, ventral bridge; vc, ventral cornua; vp, vertical plate.