Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii Hoyos-Gómez, 2024

Hoyos-Gómez, Saúl E., Callejas Posada, Ricardo & Wahlert, Gregory A., 2024, Seven new species of Rinorea (Violaceae) from the Neotropics, PhytoKeys 242, pp. 241-271 : 241-271

6. Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii Hoyos-Gómez sp. nov.

Type.

Colombia. Dept. Caldas: La Dorada, vereda la Atarraya , finca los Achiles , relictos de bosque al margen trasera de la finca, 5 ° 40 ' 20.3 " N, 74 ° 44 ' 26.4 " W, 214 m elev., 3 Aug 2021 (fl), D. Sanín et al. 7966 (holotype: HUA [acc. 225716 ]!; isotype: FAUC!) .

Description.

Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii is similar to R. hirsuta by the elliptic lamina with symmetrical base and lacking domatia, inflorescence racemose, capsule symmetrical and pubescent with velutinous trichomes and one glabrous seed per valve, but it differs by the abaxial surface of the lamina glabrescent (vs. abaxial surface of the lamina pubescent with ferruginous trichomes in R. hirsuta ), filaments fused at the base forming a staminal tube (vs. filaments free not forming a staminal tube), anthers with pubescence between the thecae (vs. anthers glabrous between the thecae) and style proximally pubescent (vs. style proximally glabrous).

Treelets 1.5–4 m tall, terminal branchlets pubescent with erect golden trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long. Leaves opposite, petiolate; petiole 4–13 mm, pubescent with erect golden trichomes 0.2 mm long, glabrescent; stipules deciduous, free, elliptic, 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 mm, pubescent with appressed golden trichomes, 0.3–0.5 mm long; lamina elliptic, 7–19 × 2.5–8 cm, adaxially pubescent on the mid-vein with appressed golden trichomes 0.1 mm long, glabrescent, abaxially pubescent with appressed golden trichomes 0.3–0.5 mm long, glabrescent, semi-craspedodromous, with 6–8 major secondary vein pairs, secondary vein spacing decreasing proximally between them, base symmetrical, cuneate, margin subcrenate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5–1 cm, mucronate, leaf domatia absent. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, racemose, 3–10 cm, 1.5–3 cm diam., axis pubescent with erect golden trichomes 0.2 mm long; pedicels 3–6 mm, pubescent with erect golden trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long, articulated at the base, peduncle bracts deciduous, triangular, 1.5–1.8 × 1.5–1.8 mm, herbaceous, pubescent with appressed golden trichomes 0.3–0.5 mm long, margin ciliolate, bractlets persistent, 1 × 1 mm, herbaceous, pubescent with appressed golden trichomes 0.1 mm long, margin ciliolate. Flowers 3–4 × 3–4 mm, sepals subequal in size and shape, triangular, 1.6–2 × 1–1.5 mm, 1–5 - veined, pubescent on the distal part of the costa with appressed golden trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long, margin ciliolate, apex apiculate; petals elliptic, 3–4 × 1.4–2 mm, costa pubescent with spreading golden trichomes 0.1 mm long, margin ciliolate, apex acute, white; stamens 2.5–3 mm long, all filaments united at the base forming a staminal tube, tube glabrous, filaments 0.4–0.5 mm, anthers elliptic, 1.1–1.4 × 0.4–0.6 mm, pubescent between the thecae adaxially with spreading golden trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long, apex rounded, connective 0.7–0.8 mm, dorsal connective scale conspicuous, lanceolate, 2.3–2.5 × 0.8–1 mm, margin entire, orange-brown; ovary globose, 0.8–1 × 0.9–1 mm, pubescent with appressed golden trichomes 0.1–0.2 mm long; style filiform, curved, 1.5–2 × 0.1 mm, pubescent proximally with appressed trichomes 0.1 mm long, stigma acute. Fruit a symmetrical, subligneous capsule dehiscent along three sutures, ellipsoid, 1–2 × 0.5–0.8 cm, apex acuminate, tomentose with golden trichomes 0.1 mm long. Seeds one per valve, globose, 5–7 mm diam., glabrous, with maculae, brown when dry. (Fig. 10 )

Distribution and habitat.

Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii is apparently endemic to Colombia, where it occurs in the Departments of Antioquia, Caldas and Santander. Its distribution corresponds to the Biogeographical Province of Magdalena in the Pacific Dominion (sensu Morrone (2014)). It grows in lowland tropical rainforest at elevations of 192– 500 m. (Fig. 9 )

Etymology.

Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii is named in honour of the late Dr. Gloria Galeano Garcés (1958–2016) and Dr. Rodrigo Bernal, a husband-wife botanical team who contributed greatly to the knowledge of the Colombian flora and the taxonomy of Neotropical palms, Cyclanthaceae and Marantaceae . As professors and mentors, they inspired many of their students to pursue a botanical career studying the flora of Colombia.

Phenology.

The species flowers between July and October; fruiting specimens were collected in January, April, July and September through November.

Conservation status.

Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii has a geographic range in the form of an EOO of 9,409 km 2 and AOO of 48 km 2. It is known from 11 locations that are not included in any protected area. The locations in the middle Magdalena River Valley are heavily impacted by deforestation for grazing and agriculture, especially for cultivation of Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), while some known locations in Antioquia Department are threatened with limestone extraction for concrete production. Given ongoing habitat disturbance and projected continuing decline in the quality and extent of habitat, it is likely that the species will qualify in the near future for a threatened status and, thus, it is preliminarily assessed with a status of “ Near Threatened ” ( NT).

Notes.

Hekking noted the unusual glabrous lamina in at least one specimen which he had identified as Rinorea hirsuta (e. g. E. Rentería et al. 1779). Based on the discrete biogeographic distributions of R. galeanoae-bernalii and R. hirsuta (Magdalena Valley vs. Chocó-Darien, respectively) and the morphological characters that differentiate the two (e. g. the presence of a staminal tube and the patterns of pubescence on the anther connectives and style), we hypothesise that R. galeanoae-bernalii is a separately evolving lineage worthy of recognition at the rank of species.

Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii is sympatric with R. cogolloi , but it can be differentiated by the racemose inflorescence and glabrous seeds (vs. thyrsoid inflorescence and pilose seeds in R. cogolloi ). Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii is also sympatric with R. pubiflora var. pubiflora , but it can be differentiated by the valves that each contain one glabrous seed (vs. valves that each contain three pubescent seeds in R. pubiflora var. pubiflora ); see Table 2 for a comparison of key diagnostic characters differentiating R. galeanoae-bernalii , R. cogolloi and R. pubiflora var. pubiflora .

Additional specimens examined.

Colombia. Dept. Antioquia. Mpio. Puerto Triunfo: corregimiento Puerto Perales, hacienda Cerritos , 7.65833, - 74.81861, 192 m elev., Nov 2009 (fr), L. Londoño et al. 938 ( HUA) . Mpio de Sonsón: Corregimiento de Jerusalén, Vía Medellín-Bogotá , predios de Sumicol , cuenca del Río Claro , 5.915969. - 74.850459, 370 m elev., 16 Mar 2021 (fl), J. M. Vélez et al. 7621 ( MEDEL, HUA) . Mpio de Yondó: ciénaga de Barbacoas, Hacienda Java , bosque Catanga , 6 ° 43 ' N, 74 ° 19 ' W, 100–130 m elev., 18 Apr 2011 (fr), J. Betancur 15261 et al. ( COL, HUA, NYBG, US) . Dept. Caldas. Mpio. La Dorada: vereda la Atarraya , finca los Achiles , relictos de bosque de la finca, 5 ° 41 ' 03.9 " N, 74 ° 44 ' 16.4 " W, 30 Jan 2021 (fr), D. Sanín et al. 7704 ( HUA, FAUC) . Mpio. La Dorada: Vda. La Habana , 250 m elev., 16 Jan 2000 (fr), M. V. Bustos Giraldo 62 ( COL) ; predio el palmar , 5 ° 18.551 ' N, 74 ° 47.839 ' W, 305 m elev., 4 Nov 2012 (fl, fr), J. M. Vélez 4303 ( MEDEL) . Dept. Santander. Mpio. Cimitarra: Potrero Quito, 6 ° 28.285 ' N, 74 ° 21.116 ' W, 3 Mar 1999 (st), Á. Idárraga et al. 902 ( HUA) ; corregimiento Puerto Olaya, Hacienda el Bosque , Puerto Arturo , 6 ° 27.576 ' N, 74 ° 21.034 ' W, 4 Aug 1999 (fl), Á. Idárraga et al. 1491 ( JAUM) ; corregimiento Puerto Olaya, Hacienda Piamonte , 6 ° 26 ' 17.8 " N, 74 ° 22 ' 07.6 " W, 29 May 2015 (fr), Á. Idárraga et al. 6034 ( HUA) ; ibid., 6 ° 26 ' 25.3 " N, 74 ° 22 ' 22 " W, 123 m elev., 22 Jul 2015 (fl), Á. Idárraga et al. 6116 ( HUA) ; ibid., 23 Jul 2015 (fl, fr) Á. Idárraga et al. 6138 ( HUA) ; Puerto Araujo , 500 m elev., 18 Sep 1979 (fr), E. Rentería et al. 1779 ( COL, HUA, JAUM, US) ; ibid., 700 m elev., 20 Sep 1979 (fr), E. Rentería et al. 1809 ( COL) ; corregimiento Puerto Olaya, Hacienda el Bosque , fragmento Monte Cristo , 6 ° 28 ' N, 74 ° 21 ' W, 19 Sep 2001 (fl), A. Rivas et al. 152 ( HUA, JAUM) ; vereda los Ranchos, Hacienda Monterrey , 6 ° 15 ' 42 " N, 74 ° 27 ' 51 " W, 123 m elev., 1 Oct 1998 (fl, fr), W. Rodríguez et al. 1070 ( JAUM) ; ibid. (fl, fr), W. Rodríguez et al. 1505 ( JAUM) . Mpio. Girón: vereda Sogamoso, hacienda Trigueros , 7 ° 05 ' 27.1 " N, 73 ° 21 ' 41.4 " W, 332 m elev., 25 Feb 2011 (fl, fr), E. Y. Rodríguez-Ch. 1989 ( COL) .

Figures

Figure 9. Distribution of Rinorea cogolloi (squares), R. galeanoae-bernalii (bolts), R. hirsuta (triangles).

Figure 10. Rinorea galeanoae-bernalii Hoyos-Gómez A habit B detail of leaf, abaxial surface C leaf architecture D infructescence E flower F detail of filaments fused at the base forming a staminal tube G sepals, abaxial surface H petals, abaxial surface I stamens, adaxial and abaxial surfaces J detail of anthers showing pubescence between the thecae K gynoecium L fruit M detail of fruit showing one seed per valve N seed. (A – E, N: D. Sanin 7704 [HUA]; D. Sanin 7966 [HUA]).