Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 47-52

Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.

( Figs 23–25 , 30 , 42–46 )

Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis Stichel, 1904 . Ins.-Börse 21 (3): 21; 2 males, 1 female, Chanchamayo, [Junín], Peru merid., W. Hoffmann leg.; collection Stichel.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 19.— Stichel, 1907. Soc. ent. 22 (13): 99.— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 69, 72, fig. 17 (female d, v).— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 297.— Hughes, 1959. Entomol. 92 (1151): 84; ecol.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 408.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 225, 227, 231, 284, figs 9e (female d, v), 10b (male d, v); LECTOTYPUS.—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204; syn.: peruanus, f. profana, douglasi.

Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 . Novit. Zool. 23 (3): 311; 1 male [holotype], IV-1901, Oroya, [ Rio ] Inambari, [Puno], Peru, 3000 ft., dry season, G. Ockenden [leg.].— Stichel, 1925. Neue Beitr. syst. Insektenkunde. 3 (8/9): 68.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 408.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 227, 232, fig. 10a (male d, v).—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204. Syn. rest.

Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothschild, 1916 . Novit. Zool. 23 (3): 311; 9 males, Chanchamayo, [Junín], Peru, 1 female, Peru, collection Felder.— Stichel, 1925. Neue Beitr. syst. Insektenkunde. 3 (8/9): 68.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 408.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 234, fig. 12f (male d, v); LECTOTYPUS.

Opsiphanes incolumis ; Fassl, 1920. Ent. Rdsch. 37 (12): 45.

Opsiphanes bogotanus incolumis ; Stichel, 1925. Neue Beitr. syst. Insektenkunde. 3 (8/9): 67; syn.: peruanus.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 39; syn.: peruanus, f. latifascia.— Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l‘École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 178; biogeogr.

Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana Stichel, 1936. Mitt. deutsch. ent. Ges. 6 (5/10): 63; [holo] type male, XII-[19]34, Juanjin [recte Juanjuí], Río Seco , tributary of Río Huallaga , [San Martín], north-central Peru; collection Stichel.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 230.

Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953 . Ark. Zool. 5 (1): 67; [holo] type male, Roque, SE Moyobamba, [San Martín], Peru, Douglas Melin & Abraham Roman leg; Riksmuseum, Estocolm [RMS].— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 408, 415 (figs male d, female d).— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 227, 230, 237, figs 10d (male d, v), 13a (female d, v).—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387.

Opsiphanes tamarindi peruanus ; Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 227, fig. 10c (male d, v).

Taxonomic history. When describing Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis, Stichel (1904) compared it to Opsiphanes tamarindi bogotanus . Stichel (1925) proposed a new combination, Opsiphanes bogotanus incolumis , and considered Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus a synonym. In addition to Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus, Stichel (1932) also considered Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia a synonym of Opsiphanes bogotanus incolumis . Blandin (1977) followed Stichel (1925, 1932). Bristow (1991) returned to the original combination, Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis , this decision was followed by Casagrande (2004), who also synonymized with this Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus , Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana, and Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi . Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. has been cited in reviews and catalogs, except for the ecological study by Hughes (1959).

Type material. Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis Stichel, 1904 was described based on two males and one female from Chanchamayo, [Junín], Peru merid., collected by W. Hoffmanns, deposited in the Stichel collection. Bristow (1991) designated a male as the lectotype, deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Typus/ Type/ LECTOTYPE / Süd-Peru Chanchamayo e. c. H. Stichel/ O. tam . incolumis Stich. Type./ Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1./.

Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 was described based on a male [holotype] from Oroya, [ Río ] Inambari, [Puno], Peru, 3000 ft., dry season, IV-1901, G. Ockenden [leg.], deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ Oroya, Inambari. 3000’, IV.[19]01. dry (Ockenden)./ Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothsch. /. In order to clarify the status of the type specimen, the following labels will also be attached: / HOLOTY- PUS/ Holotypus Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 , Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/.

Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothschild, 1916 was described based on nine males from Chanchamayo, [Junín], Peru, and one female from Peru, deposited in the Felder collection. Bristow (1991) designated a male as the lectotype, deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ LECTOTYPE / Chanchamayo Peru. (Schuncke) [leg.]./ Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothsch. /.

Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana Stichel, 1936 was described based on a male “ type ” from Juanjin [recte Juanjui], Río Seco , tributary of Río Huallaga , [San Martín], Peru, collected on XII-[19]34 and deposited in the Stichel collection, currently deposited at the MfN, with the following labels: / Typus / Opsiph. tamarindi incolumis fa. profana Stich./. Infrasubspecific names are excluded from the provisions of the ICZN (Art. 1.3.4) and thus have no name-bearing types.

Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953 was described based on a male [holo]type, from Roque, SE Moyobamba, [San Martín], Peru, Douglas Melin & Abraham Roman leg. The male [holo]type is deposited at the RMS, with the following labels: / Typus/ PERU, Roque 5/IV/1925 Douglas Melin/ 81/ Opsiphanes tamarindi ssp./. In or- der to clarify the status of the type specimen, the following labels will also be attached: / HOLOTYPUS / Holotypus Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953 , Piovesan, Casagrande & O. Mielke det. 2022/.

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. differs from Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae and Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi stat. nov. in having the DFW with the oblique band ranging from white to light-yellow, on M 3 - CuA 1 without constriction, usually comma-shaped. VFW with the oblique band the same color throughout its length ( Figs 23–25 ).

Variation. FW, length: male: 49–53 mm (n=4), female: 58–59 mm (n=2).

Comments. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. is recognized by the predominantly whitish oblique FW band, a character also observed by Stichel (1909). Probably the color of this band was sufficient to consider this subspecies as closely related to Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi stat. nov. or to Opsiphanes bogotanus bogotanus . Blandin (1977) suggested that Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. was the cis-Andean representative of Opsiphanes bogotanus . Here, barcode DNA analyses recovered Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. with practically no genetic distance from other specimens of Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Supplementary Information 1). The proposed subspecies for specimens similar to Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. were based on the color and width of the DFW oblique band, which are extremely variable characters ( Figs 23–25 ). After examination of the type material ( Figs 42–46 ) and the morphological variation found in a series of specimens, we consider synonymous with Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis stat. nov. the following names: Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 syn. rest., Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothschild, 1916 , Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana Stichel, 1936, and Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953 .

Natural history. Unknown.

Geographic distribution. Peru (San Martín, Huánuco, Pasco, Junín, Ayacucho, Cuzco). Fassl (1920) collected this subspecies at the Zongo River, La Paz, Bolivia. Hughes (1959) mentioned that it is relatively common in Tingo María, Peru ( Fig. 30 ). It occurs at altitudes between 550 and 1,200 m.

Temporal distribution. Throughout the year.

Etymology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. Photos of the lectotypus of Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.; [holotypus] of Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 syn. rest.; lectotypus of Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothschild, 1916 ; “type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana Stichel, 1936; [holo]typus of Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953 , and the following specimens: PERU: no data, 29-I-1968, 1 female, P. Heineman leg., AMNH_IZC 00115470 (AMNH). no department — Río Huallaga , 1 male, Schunke leg., DZ

40.521 (DZUP), 5 males, 1 female, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115441, 00115442, 00115444, 00115447, 00115468, 00115451 ( AMNH), V-1985 , 1 male, Natives leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092316 ( MGCL); Cuzco — Río Mapitunari , 700 m, 16-VII-1972 , 1 male, 17-VII-1972, 1 male, C. A. Pilecki leg., AMNH_IZC 00115466, 00115474 ( AMNH). Pasco — El Porvenir, 900 m , 1 male, MN 1.946 ( MNRJ). San Martín — Tarapoto , 1 male, A. Vásquez leg., AMNH_IZC 00115462 ( AMNH); J[u]anjuí , 2 males, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USNMENT01590745, 01590748 ( USNM); Moyobamba ( Jepelacio ) , 7 males, 3 females, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115446, 00115448, 00115449, 00115453, 00115458, 00115459, 00115463, 00115469, 00115471, 00115472 ( AMNH). Huánuco — Tingo María , VIII-1975 , 2 males, 670 m, 28-XII-1983, 1 male, 25-II-1987, 1 male, 28-XII-1987, 1 male, 18-IV-1988, 1 male, V-1990, 1 male, M. Büche leg., OM 12.482, 12.483, 35.736, 35.343, 35.763, 35.383, 35.446 ( DZUP —OM), 700 m, X-1981 , 1 male, XI-1981, 2 males, XII-1981, 1 male, Schunke leg., DZ 48.768, 48.778, 48.788, 48.798 ( DZUP), 14-VII-174 , 1 female, ex-coll. C. Porter, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092288 ( MGCL), VII-1980 , 10 males, 30-VII-1980, 5 males, III-1981, 6 males, D. & J. Jenkins leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092289–1092299, 1092300–1092309 ( MGCL), 21-V-1962 , 1 male, 12-VIII-1981, 1 male, J. J. Bowe leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092311, 1092315, ( MGCL), (5 km vic.), 23–30-III-1981 , 3 males, J. Y. Miller leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092312, 1092313, 1092314 ( MGCL), (5–7 km W—second growth & cacao), 9º18′S, 75º58′W, 700 m, 18-XII-1996 , 1 male, 19-XII-1996, 1 male, A. V. Z. Brower leg., AMNH_IZC 00115439, 00115440 ( AMNH), (Cueva de las Pavas ), 650 m, VII-1981 , 1 male, DZ 42.898 ( DZUP); Aucayacu (70 km NE Tingo María), 650 m, VI-1981 , 1 female, 1 male, ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 42.896, 42.897 ( DZUP); Parque Nacional Cueva de las Lechuzas , 600 m, 24-VIII-1981 , 1 female, ex-coll. L. D. Miller, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092287 ( MGCL). Junín —no locality, X-1987 , 2 males, L. Kassarov leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092318, 1092320 ( MGCL); Río Perené , 300–800 m, IX– XI-1987 , 13 males, Tello leg., OM 18.532–18.539, 18.541–18.545 ( DZUP —OM), 550 m, XII-1981 , 1 male, Schunke leg., DZ 32.798 ( DZUP); Satipo , XI-1942 , 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092317, 1 male, J. & F. Preston leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092321, 10-IV-1979, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092319 ( MGCL) , 4 males, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115456, 00115452, 00115455, 00115457 ( AMNH), 700 m, V-1981 , 1 male, Schunke leg., DZ 40.511 ( DZUP), 750 m, IX-1981 , 1 female, Schunke leg., DZ 42.899 ( DZUP) , 1 male, OM 58.680 ( DZUP —OM); Chanchamayo , 1 female, ex-coll. Julius Arp, MN 18.289 ( MNRJ) , 1 male, DZ 48.808 ( DZUP) , 1 male, Schunke leg., DZ 48.818 ( DZUP) , 1 male, ex-coll. B. P. Clark , USNMENT01590749 , 1 male, 01590750 ( USNM) , 3 males, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115450, 00115464, 00115465, 1 female, J. D. Rivas leg., ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115473 ( AMNH), ( San Ramón ), 1,200 m, III-1981 , 1 male, Schunke leg., DZ 40.501 ( DZUP). Ayacucho — Río Piene , 1 male, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00115454 ( AMNH) .

Figures

FIGURE 23. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.545- DZUP—OM), b. (OM 18.541-DZUP—OM) Rio Perené, IX–XI-1987.

FIGURE 24. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.529- DZUP—OM; CMBUT1215-19), b. (OM 18.540-DZUP—OM; CMBUT1218-19) Rio Perené, IX–XI-1987.

FIGURE 25. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Peru: a. (OM 18.536- DZUP—OM) Rio Perené, b. (OM 35.383-DZUP—OM) Tingo Maria.

FIGURE 30. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes cassiae cassiae (Linnaeus, 1758), Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. and Opsiphanes cassiae tamarindi C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861 stat. nov.

FIGURE 42. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 43. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. [Holotype] of Opsiphanes tamarindi latifascia Rothschild, 1916 syn. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 44. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. Lectotype of Opsiphanes bogotanus peruanus Rothschild, 1916; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 45. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. “Type” of Opsiphanes tamarindi incolumis f. profana Stichel, 1936 nom. nud.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 46. Opsiphanes cassiae incolumis Stichel, 1904 stat. nov. [Holo]type of Opsiphanes tamarindi douglasi Bryk, 1953; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.