Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 205-206

Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012

( Figs 187–191 )

Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012 , in Chacón et al. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 3, figs 1–2 (male d, v), 3–4 (female d, v), 9–11 (male gen.), 12,13 (female gen.), 14 (scent organs), 15–26 (larva, pupa), 27 (genetic distance), 28 (geogr. distr.); holotype male, larva found 11-IX-2006, prepupa 12-XI-2006, adult eclosed 8-XII-2006, Pasmompa, Sector Pitilla, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, lat 11.01926, long -85.40997, 440 m, Manuel Ríos leg.— Neves & Paluch, 2016. Neotrop. Ent. 45 (1): 13, 17, 18; cit.—S. Miller et al., 2016. Phil. Trans. r. Soc. B 371 (1702)(20150339): 2.—Shirai et al., 2017. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 110 (2): 149, 155; biol., phylog.— Checa & Torres, 2019. Trop. Lep. Res. 29 (1): 59; cit.— Matos-Maraví et al. 2021, Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133 (3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog.

Type material. Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012 was described based on the holotype male from Costa Rica, deposited at INBio, with the following information: Holotype ♂: Costa Rica: Guanacaste: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Pasmompa, 11.01926, -85.40997, 440 m, larva found 11 September 2006, prepupa 12 November 2006, adult eclosed 8 December 2006, Manuel Ríos, 6-SRNP-34098 ( INBio); for images see Chacón et al. (2012).

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes jacobsorum is sympatric with Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii and Opsiphanes periphetes stat. nov.; males and females of Opsiphanes jacobsorum differ from both these species in having the HW with a crenulated outer margin, although this crenulation is not as marked as in the “ sallei ” and “ quiteria ” subgroups. Additionally, the male of Opsiphanes jacobsorum differs from males of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii and Opsiphanes periphetes stat. nov. in having the DFW with an irregular oblique band, which borders the discal cell at most until the anterior half of M 3 -CuA 1 and DHW with a submarginal, generally zigzag band, evident up to CuA 1 and two-thirds the width of the oblique band of DFW, on CuA 1 -CuA 2. The female of Opsiphanes jacobsorum differs from the females of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii and Opsiphanes periphetes stat. nov. in having the DFW bands varying from whitish to yellowish and the DHW submarginal band entirely rusty red ( Figs 187a – 188a ). The female genitalia of Opsiphanes jacobsorum differ from other known Opsiphanes species, in that the lamella antevaginalis is not connected to the lamella postvaginalis ( Fig. 190 ). Molecular analyses recovered Opsiphanes jacobsorum as closely related to Opsiphanes fabricii , Opsiphanes merianae stat. rest. and Opsiphanes periphetes stat. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) (genetic distance 0.9–1.2%, 1.2–1.6%, and 1.4–1.7%, respectively).

Male genitalia. Tegumen in dorsal view with anterior margin anteriorly projected, shorter than the uncus; anterior projection of saccus in lateral view twice as long as dorsal arms of saccus ( Fig. 189 ).

Female genitalia. Lamella antevaginalis as a narrow, sclerotized arch; lamella postvaginalis rounded medially, tapering in the distal region, and not fused to the lamella antevaginalis; ostium membranous; corpus bursae shorter than the ductus bursae ( Fig. 190 ).

Variation. FW, length: male: 37–42 mm (n=5), female: 44–45 mm (n=3). DFW, the width of the band inside the discal cell, and the anterior and posterior margins of this band may have varied indentations; in females, this band ranges from defined to nearly imperceptible; the width and length of the oblique band; in females, the color of the bands ranges from whitish to yellowish, which may have different shades in the same specimen. DHW, the width and color of the submarginal band. VFW, the width, length, and color of the oblique band. VHW, the size and shape of the eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1, and the width of its dark-brown ring; the size and shape of the eyespot between M 3 and CuA 2; the zigzag EIII submarginal line is not always evident ( Figs 187–188 ).

Natural history. Chacón & Montero (2012) described the last larval instar and the pupa of Opsiphanes jacobsorum .

Host plants: Arecaceae : Cryosophila warscewiczii (H. A. Wendl.) Bartlett , Astrocaryum alatum H. F. Loomis , Prestoea decurrens (H. Wendl. ex Burret) H. E. Moore (Chacón & Montero 2012) .

Geographic distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Alajuela) ; Panama (Panamá, Colón) ( Fig. 191 ). It occurs at altitudes between 380 and 640 m (Chacón & Montero 2012) .

Temporal distribution. March, May–October.

Etymology. Named in honor of Irwin and Joan Jacobs, who contributed funds to maintain the “Área de Conservación Guanacaste ”.

Specimens examined. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste — Área de Conservación Guanacaste ( Coneja ), 11.01525, -85.39766, 415 m, 1-IX-2012, 1 male, R. Calero leg., USNMENT01589074 ( USNM), (Sendero Cuestona) , 10.99455, -85.41461, 640 m, 25-VI-2006, 1 male, C. Moraga leg., USNMENT01590011 ( USNM), (Medrano) , 11.01602, -85.38053, 640 m, 25-VI-2006, 1 female, R. Calero leg., USNMENT01590013 ( USNM), (Quebradona) , 1099102, -85.39539, 475 m, 10-V-2010, 1 female, R. Calero leg., USNMENT01590014 ( USNM), (Pasmompa) , 11.0193, -85.41, 440 m, 3-III-2017, 1 male, M. Ríos leg., USNMENT01590780 ( USNM) , 10-IX-2016, 1 male, 12- IX-2016, 2 females, C. Moraga leg., USNMENT01590783–01590785 ( USNM) . Alajuela — Área de Conservación Guanacaste, ( Piedrona ), 11.0162, - 85.359, 340 m, 11-VI-2013, 1 female, D. Briceño leg., USNMENT01590771 ( USNM), (Sendero Huerta) , 10.9305, -85.3722, 520 m, 29-VIII-2016, 1 male, C. Cano leg., USNMENT01590812 ( USNM), (Sendero Colegio) , 10.893, -85.3788, 520 m, 9-VIII-2016, 1 male, E. Araya leg., USNMENT01590813 ( USNM), (Estación Llanura) , 10.93332, -85.25331, 135 m, 22-III-2012, 1 male, 1 female, C. Umaña leg., USN- MENT01590012, 01590015 ( USNM), (Sendero Rincón) , 10.8962, -85.2777, 430 m, 4-VI-2015, 1 male, A. Córdoba leg., USNMENT01590799 ( USNM) , 6-V-2015, 1 male, J. Hernández leg., USNMENT01590801 ( USNM) . PANA- MA: Panamá — Lago Bayano , 19-X-1974, 1 male, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590040 ( USNM) . Colón — Piña , 1-VII-1970, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107067 ( MGCL) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood) inferred with IQ-TREE based on six molecular markers: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (mitochondrial), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), ribosomal protein S5 (RpS5), wingless (wg), Car- bamoylphosphate synthase domain protein (CAD), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (nuclear), rooted in Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]). Asterisk (*) indicates SH-aLRT> = 80% and UFboot> = 95%. The scale bar represents the expected number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Data of the specimens used are described in table 2.

FIGURE 187. Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012: Male, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USN- MENT01590011-USNM) Guanacaste, b. (USNMENT01590012-USNM) Alajuela; Panama: c. (USNMENT01590040-USNM) Panamá, d. (FLMNH MGCL 1107067-MGCL) Piña. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 188. Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012: Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USN- MENT01590014-USNM), b. (USNMENT01590784-USNM) Guanacaste.

FIGURE 189. Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012: Male: a. abdomen, lateral view; genitalia: b. dorsal view, c. ventral view, d. lateral view (USNMENT01590012-USNM).

FIGURE 190. Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01590014-USNM).

FIGURE 191. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes jacobsorum Chacón & Montero, 2012.