Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii ( Boisduval, 1870 )

Piovesan, Mônica, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, 2022, Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach, Zootaxa 5216 (1), pp. 1-278 : 183-196

Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii ( Boisduval, 1870)

( Figs 169–175 , 179–184 )

Caligo fabricii Boisduval, 1870 . Cons. Lép. env. Guatemala, p. 54; Southern and Central America; syn.; cassiae Fabricius , cassiae Cramer , pl. 106 a [male d]; Central and South America.

Opsiphanes fabricii ; Aurivillius, 1882. Kongl. Svenska Akad. Handl. 19 (5): 76.— Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 163, 174, 179, 185, 206; biogeogr.—Bristow, 1981. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 72 (2): 159, 285.— Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 2, 5, 8, 10, figs 5, 6 (male d, v), 7, 8 (female d, v), 15, 17, 19 (larva), 23, 25 (pupae), 27 (phylogenetic tree), 28 (geogr. distr).

Opsiphanes cassina fabricii ; Stichel, 1902. Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 516, 523.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 21.— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 90, 92, fig. 23 (male d, v).— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 302, 304, pl. 61d (male, female d).— Bates, 1932. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 27 (3): 155, 158; biol.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 49.—Gibson & Carrillo, 1959. Secr. Agric. Ganad. Oficina Est. Esp., México, 9: 146.—J. A. Comstock & Vázquez, 1961. An. Inst. Biol., Mexico, 31 (1/2): 380, 382, figs 20 (egg), 21 (larva, head capsule), 22 (larva), 23 (pupa); biol.— Biezanko & Ruffinelli, 1962. Rev. Fac. Agron., Montevideo, 50: 146.— Young & Muyshondt, 1975. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna 10: 19, 39, figs 8a, b (eggs), 8c–e, 9c, d (larvae), 9a, b (larvae, head capsule), 10a–d (prepupae, pupae), 11 (female d, v); biol, host plant.—Boos, 1986. Living World 1985-1986: 32.—DeVries, 1986. Jour. Res. Lep. 24: 326; host plant.— D’Abrera, 1987. Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3, p. 412.— DeVries, 1987. Butt. Costa Rica, p. 251, pl. 42, figs 5 (male v); biol., ecol.—R. F. de la Maza R., 1987. Marip. Mexicanas, p. 96, pl. 27, fig. 7 (male d).—R. G. de la Maza E. et al., 1989. Rev. Soc. Mex. Lep. 12 (2): 61.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 270, 273, 285, figs 27a, b (male d, v), 28a, b (female d, v); LECTOTYPUS.—Luis-Martínez et al., 1991. Publ. esp. Mus. Zool., Mexico, 3: 91.—Raguso & Llorente-Bousquets, 1991. Jour. Res. Lep. 29: 132.—R. G. de la Maza E. & J. de la Maza E., 1993. Marip. Chiapas, p. 104, fig. 1 (female d), 183.—Berghe et al., 1995. Rev. Nica. Ent. 34: 39.—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387; biol., ecol.— Penz et al., 1999. Jour. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 149; host plant.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204.—Santin, 2004. Répert. plantes-hôtes subst. chen. lépid. monde (2 nd ed.), 2, p. 1738; host plant.— Vargas-Fernández et al., 2008. Nymph. Mexico 2, p. 62, 185, pl. 19, figs 6, 7 (male d, v), 10, 11 (female d, v).—Hernández-Baz et al., 2010. Marip. Veracruz, p. 95, pl. 46 (male, female d, v).— Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 2.—J. Miller et al., 2012. Insecta Mundi 205: 57.—J. de la Maza E. & R. G. de la Maza E., 2015, in Carabias, J. de la Maza E. & Cadena (eds.). Conserv. Desarr. sust. Selva Lacandona, p. 639.—Shirai et al., 2017. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 110 (2): 149, 155; biol., phylog.

Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis Stichel, 1902 . Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46 (4): 517, 523; types 6 males, 1 female, Chiriquí, Panamá, collection Stichel.— Stichel, 1904, in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 20, p. 22.— Stichel, 1909. Das Tierreich 25: 90, 93.— Fruhstorfer, 1912, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 303, 304.— Stichel, 1932. Lep. Cat. 51, p. 49.—Fulton, 1967. Rev. Biol. Trop. 14 (2): 289.— DeVries, 1987. Butt. Costa Rica, pl. 42, figs 4 (male d), 6 (female d); biol., ecol.— Bristow, 1991. Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 270, 272, 284, figs 27c (male d, v), 28c (female d, v); LECTOTYPUS.—Maes, 1999. Cat. Ins. Art. Terr. Nicaragua 3, p. 1387.—Andrade, 2002, in Costa et al. Monogr. Terc. Milenio, Zaragoza, 2: 162.— Casagrande, 2004. Brassolini , in Lamas (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A, p. 204; syn.: aiellae.— Chacón & Montero, 2007. Marip. Costa Rica, pl. 170 (figs male, female d); biol.— Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 2, 12.—Giraldo et al., 2015. Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de Caldas 19 (2): 90. Syn. nov.

Opsiphanes fabricii chiriquensis ; Blandin, 1977. Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup., Paris, 9: 179, 217; biogeogr.

Opsiphanes cassina aiellae Bristow, 1991 . Zool. Jour. Linn. Soc. 101 (3): 268, 270, 285, figs 26f (female d, v), 27d (male d, v); holotype female, 23-XI-1930, Barro Colorado, C[anal] Z[one, Panama], E. I. Huntington [leg.]; AMNH.— Penz et al., 1999. Jour. Lep. Soc. 53 (4): 149; host plant.— Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 12.

Opsiphanes invirae fabricii ; Llorente-Bousquets et al., 1996. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat. 46: 45.—Warren et al., 1996. Dugesiana 3 (1): 14.—Warren et al., 1998. Jour. Lep. Soc. 52 (1): 63.—Monteagudo-Sabaté et al., 2001. Shilap Revta. lepid. 29 (115): 215.—Salinas-Gutiérrez et al., 2004. Jour. Lep. Soc. 58 (3): 136.

Opsiphanes cassina [misidentification]; Corrales, 1999. Marip. Tempisque, p. 60, 61 (fig. female d); biol., ecol.—Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America (1 st ed.), p. 133 (figs male, female d, v).—Garwood et al., 2007. Butt. South. Amaz., p. 108 (figs female d, male d).—Garwood et al., 2009. Butt. South. Amaz. (2 nd ed.), p. 230 (figs female d, male d).—Glassberg, 2018. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America (2 nd ed.), p. 153 (figs male, female d, v).

Opsiphanes invirae [misidentification]; Garwood & Lehman, 2005. Butt. Northeastern Mexico 2, p. 55 (figs male d, female d).—Glassberg, 2007. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America (1 st ed.), p. 133 (figs female d, v).—Glassberg, 2018. Swift Guide Butt. Mexico and C. America (2 nd ed.), p. 153 (figs female d, v).

Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii ; Chacón et al., 2012. Bull. Allyn Mus. 166: 3.

Taxonomic history. When describing Opsiphanes fabricii, Boisduval (1870) noted that “ cassiae ” mentioned by Fabricius (1775, p. 483) and Cramer (1777, pl. 106 a), are synonymous with Opsiphanes fabricii , as Fabricius (1775) referred to a specimen with “fascia ferruginea apice bifida” and Cramer (1777) illustrated a male with the DFW with a fully developed band inside the discal cell; notably Fabricius (1775, p. 483) cited the plate of Merian (1705, p. 32, pl. 32), i.e., a specimen from Suriname, corresponding to Opsiphanes merianae stat. rest. and Cramer (1777, pl. 106 a) mentioned only that the illustrated specimen came from the Baron Rengers collection. Stichel (1902) states that the name Opsiphanes fabricii should be applied to specimens in Guatemala, since the description of this species was based on butterflies collected by M. de l’Orza in Guatemala, although Boisduval (1870) did not clarify the type locality in the description of Opsiphanes fabricii . Stichel (1909) illustrated the male and Fruhstorfer (1912) the male and female of Opsiphanes fabricii .

Blandin (1977) suggested that there would be taxonomic problems if he considered Opsiphanes fabricii as a subspecies of Opsiphanes cassina syn. nov., as Opsiphanes fabricii has a fully developed band that crosses the DFW discal cell, with a bifurcated appearence, whereas Opsiphanes cassina syn. nov. has an isolated spot on the DFW discal cell. Therefore, Blandin (1977) considered Opsiphanes fabricii as a species and grouped under this name all the specimens with a fully developed band inside the DFW discal cell. He also stated that it was possible to find specimens with a fully developed band and others with an isolated spot in the DFW discal cell, from the same location ( Ecuador).

Bristow (1991) disregarded the arguments of Blandin (1977), maintained Opsiphanes fabricii as a subspecies of Opsiphanes cassina syn. nov., and designated as lectotype of Opsiphanes fabricii a female from the Boisduval collection, without locality. Although Boisduval’s (1870) study focused on the Lepidoptera of Guatemala, he alleged that Opsiphanes fabricii occurs in Central and South America, so the “ Guatemala ” locality provided by Bristow (1991) for the lectotype must be treated with caution. Llorente-Bousquets et al. (1996) proposed a new combination: Opsiphanes invirae fabricii . Casagrande (2004) considered Opsiphanes fabricii as a subspecies of Opsiphanes cassina C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 syn. nov. Chacón et al. (2012) followed Blandin (1977).

Type material. Caligo fabricii Boisduval, 1870 was described based on an unspecified number of specimens. Bristow (1991) designated a female as the lectotype, deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ LECTOTYPE / fabricii Boisd ?/ EX MUSAEO Dris BOISDUVAL/ Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3./. This lectotype agrees with the phenotype of specimens of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii that occur from Mexico (San Luis Potosí) to Panama (Darién). Consequently, since Boisduval (1870) mentioned that Caligo fabricii occurs “presque toute l’Amérique méridionale et centrale”, its type locality should be somewhere in Central America.

Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis Stichel, 1902 was described based on six males and one female from Chiriquí, Panama, deposited in the Stichel collection. Bristow (1991) designated a syntype male as the lectotype, deposited at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Typus/ Type/ LECTOTYPE / Panama Bugaba e. c. H. Stichel/ O. c. chiriquensis Stich. Type./ Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1./.

Opsiphanes cassina aiellae Bristow, 1991 was described based on the holotype female, deposited at the AMNH, with the following labels: / Barro Colorado, C. Z. Nov. 23 1930 / E. I. Huntington Collector / Ops cassina aiellae Bristow ♀ HOLOTYPE Det. C. R. Bristow /.

Diagnosis. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii differs from Opsiphanes fabricii camposi Bristow, 1991 stat. nov. and Opsiphanes fabricii numatius stat. nov. in that the female has on the DFW an oblique yellow band, and the DHW has the submarginal band, from M 2, with rusty red shades and a diffused appearance that merges with the ground color. Males of these subspecies are indistinguishable ( Figs 169–175 ).

Variation. FW, length: male: 35–39 mm (n=10), female: 40–47 mm (n=10). In females, the color of the bands on the DFW ranges from light-yellow to yellow and may have different shades in the same specimen; on the DHW, near the distal margin of the humeral cell, with or without a spot of variable length that sometimes reaches and merges with the submarginal band. In males, the VFW may have a triangular orange spot on CuA 2 -2A, near the discal cell ( Fig. 170f ), and the EIII submarginal line may or may not reach CuA 2. Males and females vary in the width, length, and color of the oblique band, and there may be eyespots on CuA 1 -CuA 2 on the VFW; VHW, the size and shape of the eyespot between Sc+R 1 and M 1, and the width of its dark-brown ring; and the size and shape of the eyespot between M 3 and CuA 2 ( Figs 169–175 ).

Comments. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii is sympatric with Opsiphanes jacobsorum and Opsiphanes periphetes stat. nov. After examination of the type material ( Figs 182–184 ) and the variation in the color and width of the DFW oblique band and the width of the DHW submarginal band in a series of specimens of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii , no characters were found to justify maintaining Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis Stichel, 1902 syn. nov. and Opsiphanes cassina aiellae Bristow, 1991 as a subspecies.

Natural history. Bates (1932), J. A. Comstock & Vázquez (1961), and Young & Muyshondt (1975) described and illustrated the immature stages of Opsiphanes fabricii .

Host plants: Arecaceae : Guilielma utilis Oerst. ( Bates 1932) , “palmeira” (J. A. Comstock & Vázquez 1961), Brahea salvadorensis H. Wendl. ex Becc. , Roystonea regia (Kunth) OF Cook ( Young & Muyshondt 1975). Acrocomia vinifera Oerst. , Cocos nucifera L. (DeVries 1986). Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd ( Chacón et al. 2012) , Bactris guineensis (L.) H. E. Moore, Erythea salvadorensis (H. Wendl. ex Becc.) H. E. Moore , Roystonea regia (Kunth) OF Cook ( Penz et al. 1999).

Geographic distribution. Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Jalisco, Colima, Morelos, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatán, Quintana Roo) ; Belize (Stann Creek, Orange Walk, Cayo, Corozal) ; Guatemala (El Petén, Alta Verapaz) ; Honduras (Atlántida, Cortés, Graças a Dios) ; El Salvador (San Salvador, La Libertad) ; Nicaragua (Managua, Rivas, Chontales, Río San Juan, Jinotega) ; Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Alajuela, Heredia, San José , Cartago, Limón, Puntarenas) ; Panama (Chiriquí, Panamá, Colón, Darién) ( Fig. 181 ). It occurs at altitudes between sea level and 1,400 m ( DeVries 1987) .

Temporal distribution. Throughout the year.

Etymology. Likely a tribute to Johan Christian Fabricius.

Specimens examined. Photos of the lectotypus of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii ( Boisduval, 1870) ; lectotypus of Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis Stichel, 1902 syn. nov.; holotypus of Opsiphanes cassina aiellae Bristow, 1991 , and the following specimens: MEXICO: no state —Buena Ventura, 1 male, USNMENT01590952 (USNM); Pajaritos, 20 m, VII-1944, 2 males, M. Guerra, leg., ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00352716, 00352734 (AMNH). Sierra Blanca , 1 male, 1 female, ex-coll. J. C. Hopfinger, USNMENT01590955, 01590959 (USNM), VIII-1943, 1 female, ex-coll. F. Justus Jr., DZ 2475 (DZUP). San Luis Potosí —El Banito, 60 m, 28-VI-1940, 1 female, 2 males, Hoogstraal & Knight leg., ex-coll. F. M. Brown, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092745, 1092910, 1092911 (MGCL); Ciudad Valles, 22-VI-1967, 2 males, 20-VI-1967, 1 female, H. A. Freeman leg., AMNH_IZC 00352720, 00352724, 00352741 (AMNH), 1959, 1 female, R. Stende leg., AMNH_IZC 00352746 (AMNH); Xilitla, (Vencidor Station), 7-XI-1973, 1 male, 2-XI-1973, 1 female, ex-coll. Howe, USNMENT01590957, 01590958 (USNM); Tamazunchale, 73 m, 19-VI-1964, 1 male, H. A. Freeman leg., AMNH_IZC 00352722 (AMNH), (Cañóon Tlacuilola), 100 m, 25- VIII-1978, 1 female, 12-IX-1978, 1 female, W. Howe leg., AMNH_IZC 00352737, 00352744 (AMNH). Jalisco — Mismaloya (S of Puerto Vallarta), 16-I-1979, 1 female, E. C. Olson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092733 (MGCL). Colima —no locality, 2 females, 1 male, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00352747, 00352748, 00352712 (AMNH), 27-VII-1915, 1 male, 8-XII-1915, 1 male, 18-XII-1915, 1 male, ex-coll. C. C. Hoffmann, AMNH_IZC 00352723, 00352726, 00352727 (AMNH); Colima, 14-XI-1982, 1 female, 2 males, D. W. Jenkins leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092734, 1092908, 1092909 (MGCL), (San Jerónimo), 900 m, 2-VII-1967, 1 male, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092907 (MGCL). Morelos —Cuernavaca, I-1999, 1 female, II-1991, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092732, 1092947 (MGCL). Guerrero —Acapulco, 1-I-1954, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092754 (MGCL), 4-IX-1967, 1 male, L. D. Miller leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092901 (MGCL), 13-VIII-1977, 2 females, D. & J. Jenkins leg., UF- FLMNH MGCL 1092746, 1092747 (MGCL). Oaxaca —no locality, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092757 (MGCL), X-19[70], 1 male, USNMENT00941157 (USNM), San Felipe Jalapa de Díaz, VIII-1953, 1 female, T. Escalante leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092714 (MGCL), IX-1969, 2 males, IX-1964, 1 female, A. Díaz-Francés leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092755, 1092935, 1092936 (MGCL), IX-1964, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092937 (MGCL), Sierra de Juárez (La Esperanza) , 25-VII–10-VIII-1977, 2 males, Natives leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092903, 1092943 (MGCL); Candelaria Loxicha, 500 m, 1-VIII-1983, 1 male, 3-VIII-1978, 1 male, 7-VIII- 1978, 1 male, 8-VIII-1983, 1 male, 13-VIII-1983, 1 male, 16-VIII-1983, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 41.577 –41.582 (DZUP), 500 m, VII– VIII-1990, 1 male, 1 female, Sergio, Lot & Carmelo leg., USNMENT00941528, 00941529 (USNM); Santiago Comaltepec (Soyolapán el Bajo), 200 m, 24-VII-1961, 1 female, VII-1963, 1 male, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352711, 00352719 (AMNH); San José Chiltepec (San Isidro Naranjal), 25-VIII-1982, 1 female, 2 males, Kata leg., DZ 41.572 –41.574 (DZUP), 18-X-1951, 1 male, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092902, 1092763 (MGCL), 25-VIII-1969, 2 males, 26-VIII-1969, 1 male, 2-IX-1969, 1 male, 3-IX-1969, 1 male, 3-IX-1969, 1 males, 4-IX-1969, 1 male, 5-IX-1969, 1 female, 10-IX-1969, 2 females, 3-X-1969, 1 female, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092926, 1092927, 1092929–1092933, 1092756, 1092759–1092761 (MGCL), 20 m, 20-IX-1961, 1 male, 28-IX-1961, 1 female, 1-X-1961, 1 male, 12-X-1961, 1 female, 13-X-1961, 1 male, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352718, 00352745, 00352713, 00352743, 00352735 (AMNH); Tuxtepec, 1 female, Canielo leg., USN- MENT01590962 (USNM), V-1960, 2 females, 3 males, T. Escalante leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092711, 1092713, 1092939–1092941 (MGCL); Santa María Chimalapa , IX-1963, 3 females, T. Escalante leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092712, 1092758, 1092762 (MGCL), VIII-1965, 1 female, IX-1965, 1 male, Tangerini leg., DZ 41.575, 41.576 (DZUP); Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, 27-VI-1974, 1 male, M. Bell leg., ex-coll. E. C. Olson, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092934 (MGCL), 20-VI-1973, 1 male, I. L. Finkelstein leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092942 (MGCL). Veracruz — no locality, 1 male, USNMENT01590950 (USNM), 21-VII-1962, 1 female, 2-VIII-1962, 1 female, 20-III-1962, 1 female, 12-IX-1962, 1 female, 15-VIII-1962, 1 female, 4-X-1962, 2 males, 16-VII-1962, 1 male, 23-IX-1962, 1 male, 16-IX-1962, 1 female, G. N. Ross leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092718, 1092724–1092728, 1092882–1092885 (MGCL), IX-1964, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092888 (MGCL); (Motel Playa Azul), 10-VIII-1975, 1 female, E. C. Olson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092720 (MGCL); (Dos Amates), XI-1969, 1 female, 1 male, XI- 1969, 1 male, 17-IX-1969, 1 male, 18-IX-1969, 1 male, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092721, 1092877– 1092880 (MGCL); Presidio, VIII-1952, 1 male, XI-1951, 1 male, VII-1951, 1 male, 1 female, VI-1950, 1 female, VI-1951, 1 male, VI-1952, 1 female, T. Escalante leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092922–1092925, 1092715–1092717 (MGCL), VIII-1940, 1 female, C. C. Hoffmann leg., AMNH_IZC 00352738 (AMNH); Alvarado (16 km N), 2-VIII- 1960, 1 female, G. N. Ross leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092719 (MGCL); Los Tuxtlas Biological Station (31 km NE of Catemaco), 3–15-V-1981, 1 male, C. M. & O. S. Flint leg., USNMENT01590956 (USNM); Catemaco, VIII- 1969, 1 male, DZ 41.591 (DZUP), VIII-1968, 1 female, 1 male, Tangerini leg., DZ 41.589, 41.590 (DZUP), 25- VIII-1979, 1 male, E. C. Olson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092892 (MGCL), 12-VII-1984, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092894 (MGCL), (2 mi NE), 300 m, 5-VIII-1962, 1 male, 9-VIII-1962, 1 male, G. N. Ross leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092881, 1092895 (MGCL), (130 km SE Veracruz), 18º25′N, 95º8′W, 350 m, VII-1957, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092893 (MGCL); Minatitlán, 20-VIII-1926, 1 male, ex-coll. C. C. Hoffmann, AMNH_ IZC 00352717 (AMNH); Córdoba, 1 female, AMNH_IZC 00352740 (AMNH); Fortín de las Flores, 9–11-VIII- 1981, 1 female, 1 male, P. F. Milner, leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092723, 1092891 (MGCL), 23-VI-1976, 1 male, D. & J. Jenkins leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092890 (MGCL); Jalapa, 1 male, 1 female,AMNH_IZC 00352731, 00352739 (AMNH), 4 males, ex-coll. H. Edwards, AMNH_IZC 00352599, 00352715, 00352721, 00352732 (AMNH); Tierra Blanca, VI-1941, 1 female, 1 male, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 2508, 41.588 (DZUP); Santa Rosa , 6-VIII, 1 male, 1 female, ex-coll. W. Schaus, USNMENT01590951, 01590960 (USNM); Misantla, IX-1911, 2 males, Gugelmann leg., ex-coll. C. C. Hoffmann, AMNH_IZC 00352596, 00352714 (AMNH). Chiapas —no locality, 1 male, 1 female, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00352595, 00352709 (AMNH), 18-XI-1976, 1 female, D. & J. Jenkins leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092740 (MGCL); Mapastepec, 1 male, ex-coll. J. C. Hopfinger, USNMENT01590953 (USNM); Río Chixoy (Lacandona) , 26-VIII-1987, 1 male, 2 females, J. de la Maza E. leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092920, 1092738, 1092739 (MGCL); Tuxtla Gutiérrez (15 km N), 27-VIII-1956, 1 male, M. Douglas leg., UF- FLMNH MGCL 1092946 (MGCL); Motozintla (San Jerónimo), 600 m, 20-IX-1978, 1 female, Welling leg., DZ 41.571 (DZUP); Ocosingo (San Quintín), 1–5-X-1971, 2 males, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092918, 1092919 (MGCL), 13–17-VIII-1971, 1 male, 29-VIII–2-IX-1971, 1 male, 1 female, 3–5-IX-1971, 1 male, 25–28-IX-1971, 1 male, 8–11-VIII-1972, 1 female, 1 male, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092741, 1092742, 1092912–1092916 (MGCL); Boca del Chajul, 26-IX-1995, 2 females, 3 males, DZ 41.566 –41.570 (DZUP); Pichucalco, 5–8-VII-1973, 1 male, R. Wind leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092917 (MGCL). Tabasco —Tenosique, 200 m, 7-VIII-1962, 1 male, 17-VIII-1962, 1 male, 28-VIII-1962, 1 male, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352594, 00352597, 00352598 (AMNH). Yucatán —no locality, 16-VIII-1981, 2 females, 1 male, 23-VII-1981, 1 male, 27-VIII-1981, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 41.583 –41.587 (DZUP); Pisté, 3-X-1961, 1 female, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352710 (AMNH); Uxmal, XI- 1965, 1 female, T. Escalante leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092729 (MGCL). Quintana Roo —Lázaro Cárdenas (Nuevo X-Can), 2-X-1960, 1 female, 1-X-1968, 1 male, 26-IX-1974, 1 male, Welling leg., ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 41.539 – 41.541 (DZUP), 1-X-1968, 1 male, 26-IX-1974, 1 male, 28-IX-1978, 2 males, 1 female, 12-IX-1979, 2 females, 15- IX-1979, 1 male, 1 female, 19-IX-1979, 1 male, 23-IX-1979, 1 female, 2-X-1979, 2 males, 4-IX-1980, 1 female, 1-X-1980, 1 female, 6 males, 4-X-1980, 1 male, 10-X-1980, 1 male, 1 female, 13-X-1980, 1 female, 3 males, 20-X- 1980, 2 males, 30-X-1980, 1 male, 27-VII-1981, 1 female, 12-IX-1981, 2 males, 12-IX-1981, 2 males, VIII-1982, 1 female, 14-VIII-1983, 1 female, 5-IX-1988, 1 male, Welling leg., DZ 41.527–41.538, 41.540–41.565 (DZUP), 7-XI-1963, 1 male, 13-IX-1958, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092904, 1092905 (MGCL), (Yucatan Border), 19–23-V-1959, 1 male, T. C. Emmel leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092906 (MGCL); José Maria Morelos (Polyuc), 15-IX-1956, 1 female, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092744 (MGCL). BELIZE: no data, 2 females, AMNH_IZC 00352736, 00352763 (AMNH), 2 males, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00352729, 00352730 (AMNH). Stann Creek — Middlesex, 30-IX-1965, 1 female, 11-X-1965, 1 female, 21-VIII-1965, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092962, 1092771, 1092772 (MGCL). Orange Walk —San Luis, 31-VIII-1965, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092963 (MGCL). Cayo —Augustine (Pine Ridge), 500 m, 24–25-IX-1973, 1 female, V. O. Becker leg., DZ 41.592 (DZUP). Corozal — no locality, 28-II-1990, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092764 (MGCL), 10-IX-1962, 1 female, R. H. C. leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092770 (MGCL), XII-1989, 1 male, L. Kassarov leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092953 (MGCL). GUATEMALA: El Petén —Parque Nacional Tikal, 19– 22-IX-1973, 3 females, V. O. Becker leg., DZ 41.593 –41.595 (DZUP), 300 m, 17-IX-1969, 1 female, ex-coll. J. Baker, USNMENT01590961 (USNM), 4-V-1992, 1 male, 3-III-1992, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092960, 1092957 (MGCL), 28-III-1992, 1 male, 31-V-1992, 1 female, N. M. Haddad leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092956, 1092768 (MGCL), 19-V-1993, 1 female, 24-VI-1993, 2 males, Ivo leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092958, 1092959, 1092769 (MGCL), 2-VIII-1993, 1 female, Gao leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092767 (MGCL); Flores (Vic Villa Maya Resort — 12 km N), 30-X-1999, 2 females, J. Masters leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092765, 1092766 (MGCL); Sayaxché, 19-IX-1963, 1 male, 26-XI-1963, 1 male, Welling leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092954, 1092955 (MGCL), 3-IX- 1963, 1 male, 21-IX-1963, 1 male, 9-IX-1963, 1 male, 24-VIII-1963, 1 male, 1-IX-1963, 2 males, 22-IX-1963, 1 male, 16-XI-1963, 1 female, 25-VIII-1963, 1 female, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352749, 00352750, 00352752, 00352753, 00352755–00352759 (AMNH). Alta Verapaz —Tamahú, 1,100 m, 31-X-1963, 1 male, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352751 (AMNH); San Cristóbal Verapaz (Baleu), 1,350 m, 10-IX-1966, 1 male, Welling leg., AMNH_IZC 00352754 (AMNH). HONDURAS: no data, 1 male, 1 female, USNMENT01590963, 01590968 (USNM), 1 male, B. Neumögen leg., USNMENT01590964 (USNM), 1 male, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USN- MENT01590965 (USNM), 1 female, USNMENT01590972 (USNM). Atlántida — La Ceiba (18 km W), 28-VII- 1973, 1 male, 16-II-1974, 1 female, 7-III-1980, 1 male, R. Lehman leg., USNMENT01590966, 01590967, 01590973 (USNM). Cortés —San Pedro Sula, 20-III-1963, 1 male, R. Monroe leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092961 (MGCL), 30-XII-1972, 1 female, 31-XII-1972, 1 male, 14-I-1972, 1 male, 1 female, R. Lehman leg., USNMENT01590969– 01590971, 01590974 (USNM). Gracias a Dios —Brus Laguna , 17-IV-1940, 1 male, A. & C. Cook leg., ex-coll. F. M. Brown UFFLMNH MGCL 1092964 (MGCL). EL SALVADOR: San Salvador — San Salvador, 31-X-1969, 1 female, A. M. leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092775 (MGCL), 600 m, 20-IX-1968, 1 male, 17-IX-1968, 1 female, 14- IX-1968, 1 female, S. & L. Steinhauser leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092965, 1092773, 1092774 (MGCL). La Libertad— no locality, 14-II-1970, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092776 (MGCL). NICARAGUA: no data, 1 male, ex-coll. H. Edwards, AMNH_IZC 00352760 (AMNH). Managua —no locality, 25-IX-1976, 1 male, USN- MENT01590979 (USNM), 2-IV-1976, 1 female, P. Scharf leg., USNMENT01590998 (USNM), 24-IV-1976, 1 male, 10-II-1976, 1 male, P. Scharf leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092971, 1092972 (MGCL), 25-I-1974, 1 female, 7- IX-1975, 1 female, 31-XII-1975, 1 male, 1-I-1976, 1 female, 2-I-1976, 1 male, 13-I-1976, 1 male, 1-II-1976, 1 female, 10-II-1976, 1 male, 25-IX-1976, 1 male, 9-VIII-1976, 1 female, R. Anderson leg., USNMENT01590975, 01590977, 01590980, 01590981, 01590985, 01590989, 01590993–01590996 (USNM), 22-XII-1973, 1 male, 11- VIII-1975, 1 female, 28-XII-1975, 2 females, 1-I-1976, 1 male, 3-I-1976, 1 male, 11-I-1976, 1 female, 15-I-1976, 1 female, 1-II-1976, 1 male, 10-II-1976, 1 male, 8-VI-1976, 1 male, 13-IX-1975, 1 male, 25-IX-1976, 1 male, R. Anderson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107041, 1107043–1107046, 1092778–1092782, 1092966, 1092968, 1092973 (MGCL); (13 km S), 24-IV-1976, 1 male, 2 females, 23-III-1976, 1 male, P. Scharf leg., USNMENT01590978, 01590982, 01590991, 01590997 (USNM), 23-II-1976, 1 female, 5-III-1976, 1 male, P. Scharf leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092777, 1107042 (MGCL); (13–15 km S), 10-II-1976, 1 male, 1 female, R. Anderson leg., USN- MENT01590986, 01590988 (USNM), 28-III-1976, 1 male, 15-X-1976, 1 male, R. Anderson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092969, 1092970 (MGCL); (11 km SE) 1-IX-1976, 1 male, 21-IX-1975, 1 female, 26-XII-1976, 1 male, R. Anderson leg., USNMENT01590976, 01590983, 01590992 (USNM), 23-IX-1975, 1 female, 15-IX-1976, 1 male, R. Anderson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092783, 1092967 (MGCL). Rivas —Escamequita (NicaDev), 26-IX, 2 males, J. M. Maes leg., DZ 41.601, 41.602 (DZUP). Chontales —Santo Tomás (4,8 km N), 7-III-1976, 1 male, US- NMENT01590984 (USNM). Río San Juan —Los Guatuzos Natural Reserve, 60 m, 21–24-X-2003, 1 female, R. Leuschner leg., USNMENT01590987 (USNM). Jinotega —(El Jaguar), 4–8-XII-2005, 1 female, M. G. Douglas leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092784 (MGCL). COSTA RICA: no data, 2 males, 1 female, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USN- MENT01590018, 01590019, 01590029 (USNM), 2 males, 1 female, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00352761, 00352762, 00352765 (AMNH), VIII-1929, 1 female, ex-coll. F. E. Church, AMNH_IZC 00352764 (AMNH), 1 female, ex-coll. E. C. Olson, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092804 (MGCL). Río Sarapiquí , 19-XII-1986, 1 female, E. C. Olson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092809 (MGCL). Guanacaste —Cañas (9,6 km S– 9 km W), 10º19′N, 85º9′W, 28- I-1968, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107040 (MGCL), (Finca La Pacífica — 5 km NW), 17-XI-1968, 1 female, T. C. Emmel leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092806 (MGCL), 16-XII-1984, 1 male, G. T. Austin & D. Murphy leg., UF- FLMNH MGCL 1107038 (MGCL), ( Finca Taboga — 10 km SW), 14-II-1968, 2 males, T. C. Emmel, leg., UF- FLMNH MGCL 1107036, 1107037 (MGCL); Río Piedras ( Ruta 1– 1km W), 24-IX-1987, 1 male, G. & A. Austin leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107035 (MGCL); Santa Rosa National Park, 9-XII-1972, 1 male, 22-IX-1972, 1 male, Becker leg., DZ 41.599, 41.600 (DZUP), 10.50371, -85.37115, 300 m, 24–26-VI-2008, 1 male, J. Sullivan leg., USNMENT01590024 (USNM); Área de Conservación Guanacaste (Bosque San Emilio), 10.84389, -85.61384, 300 m, 22-VIII-2006, 2 males, 1 female, 22-VIII-2005, 1 male, 26-VIII-2006, 1 female, D. Rivera leg., USN- MENT01589002, 01589043, 01589232, 01589040, 01589216 (USNM), 22-VIII-2006, 3 males, 1 female, 4-IX- 2004, 1 female, L. Vargas leg., USNMENT01589028, 01589042, 01589100, 01589221, 01589210 (USNM), 4-IX- 2004, 1 female, J. Pérez leg., USNMENT01589190 (USNM), 13-XII-1990, 1 female, gusaneros leg., USNMENT01590004 (USNM), (Área Administrativa), 10.83764, -85.61871, 295 m, 14-XII-1990, 2 males, 13-VII- 1990, 1 male, gusaneros leg., USNMENT01589274, 01589284, 01589282 (USNM), 24-I-2007, 1 female, 8-XI- 2006, 1 male, D. Rivera leg., USNMENT01589029, 01589041 (USNM), 5-VIII-1982, 1 male, D. Janzen leg., USN- MENT01589289 (USNM), 13-VII-2003, 1 female, 13-XII-2003, 1 female, F. Quesada leg., USNMENT01590000, 01589182 (USNM), 31-VIII-2003, 2 males, G. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589283, 01589287 (USNM), ( Cabrera ), 11.00891, -85.40977, 500 m, 15-II-2008, 2 males, 1 female, M. Ríos leg., USNMENT01589153, 01589155, 01589260 (USNM), ( Casa Mariano Pereira ), 7-I-2008, 1 male, 26-IX-2007, 1 female, M. Pereira leg., USN- MENT01589148, 01589177 (USNM), (Cafetal), 10.85827, -85.61089, 280 m, 25-IX-1983, 1 female, D. Janzen leg., USNMENT01590002 (USNM), (Camino Estrella), 10.77561, -85.41458, 95 m, 26-I-2007, 1 male, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589103 (USNM), (Estación Cacao), 10.92691, -85.46822, 1,150 m, 16-II-2003, 1 female, F. Quesada leg., USNMENT01590003 (USNM), 25-III-1997, 1 male, gusaneros leg., USNMENT01589275 (USNM), ( Casa Potrero Grande ), 10.84918, -85.77315, 20 m, 8-IX-2004, 1 male, 9-IX-2004, 2 females, 1 male, 14-VIII- 2004, 1 male, 20-VII-2004, 1 female, G. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589067, 01589189, 01589193, 01589126, 01589114, 01589195 (USNM), 27-IV-2004, 1 female, 1 male, F. Quesada leg., USNMENT01589186, 01589113 (USNM), (Entrada Santa Elena ), 10.9257, - 85.608, 270 m, 4-XI-2003, 1 female, 23-VI-2004, 2 females, 5-VIII- 2004, 1 female, 18-VIII-2004, 1 male, 29-VII-2004, 1 female, 9-VIII-2004, 2 females, 2 males, 30-VIII-2004, 1 female, 15-VII-2006, 1 male, 1 female, 9-X-2008, 1 male, E. Cantillano leg., USNMENT01590001, 01590006, 01590007, 01590009, 01589050, 01589088, 01589099, 01589128, 01589143, 01589172, 01589184, 01589188, 01589227, 01589236 (USNM), (Estación Góngora ), 10.887, -85.47443, 570 m, 17-X-2006, 1 female, Y. Ruiz leg., USNMENT01589014 (USNM), 29-II-2008, 1 female, D. García leg., USNMENT01589037 (USNM), (Estación La Perla), 10.76737, -85.43313, 325 m, 9-VIII-2007, 1 female, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589209 (USNM), (Estación Murciélago), 10.90092, -85.72902, 40 m, 15-VIII-2006, 1 female, L. Vargas leg., USNMENT01589219 (USNM), (Estación Los Almendros), 11.03226, -85.52776, 290 m, 6-I-2001, 1 male, E. López leg., USN- MENT01589280 (USNM), (Estero Naranjo), 10.80426, -85.68285, 2 m, 10-V-2006, 1 male, E. Camacho leg., USNMENT01589023 (USNM), (Finca La Pacífica ) 3–12-II-1969, 1female, D.H.Janzen leg., USNMENT01590028 (USNM), (Estación Pitilla), 10.98931, -85.42581, 675 m, 28-XI-2006, 1 male, C. Moraga leg., USNMENT01589075 (USNM), 21-XI-2006, 1 male, M. Ríos leg., USNMENT01589135 (USNM), (Mamones), 10.77074, -85.42874, 365 m, 17-X-2006, 1 male, 2 females, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589080, 01589235, 01589169 (USNM), 17-X- 2006, 1 female, 2 males, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589036, 01589046, 01589049 (USNM), 11-I-2015, 1 male, 14-IX-2006, 1 male, 27-VIII-2006, 1 male, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01590800, 01589089, 01589139 (USNM), ( Góngora Bananal ), 10.88919, -85.47609, 600 m, 19-IX-2004, 1 female, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589179 (USNM), ( Laguna Escondida ), 10.84867, -85.63046, 285 m, 26-XII-1990, 1 male, gusaneros leg., USN- MENT01589277 (USNM), ( Margarita ), 11.03234, -85.43954, 380 m, 26-IV-2003, 1 male, E. Cantillano leg., USN- MENT01589288 (USNM), (Puente Góongora), 10.88489, -85.47203, 540 m, 18-II-2008, 1 male, H. Ramírez leg., USNMENT01589132 (USNM), 18-IX-2006, 1 female, 18-II-2008, 1 female, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589217, 01589265 (USNM), 18-IX-2006, 1 male, 1 female, D. García leg., USNMENT01589025, 01589170 (USNM), (Puente Mena), 11.04562, -85.45742, 280 m, 29-XII-2002, 1 female, L. Ríos leg., USNMENT01590010 (USNM), 1-I- 2003, 1 male, E. Cantillano leg., USNMENT01589290 (USNM), (Portón Rivas), 10.75864, -85.37269, 570 m, 11-V-2007, 1 female, 1 male, 11-VIII-2007, 1 male, 1 female, 1-VII-2007, 1 male, 15-IV-2008, 2 females, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589032, 01589058, 01589054, 01589164, 01589053, 01589254, 01589255 (USNM), 19- V-2007, 1 male, 7-VIII-2007, 1 male, 23-VIII-2007, 2 females, 27-VIII-2007, 1 female, 6-IV-2008, 2 females, 4-VI- 2008, 3 males, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589142, 01589047, 01589223, 01589242, 01589212, 01589258, 01589259, 01589146, 01589149, 01589157 (USNM), 4-VI-2008, 3 females, 3-VIII-2008, 1 male, 4-VI-2007, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589196, 01589257, 01589263, 01589051, 01589145 (USNM), (Puerta Tajo), 10.87241, -85.62844, 285 m, 19-VIII-2006, 3 males, 2 females, 4-X-2006, 1 male, E. Camacho leg., USN- MENT01589004, 01589006, 01589030, 01589031, 01589098, 01589108 (USNM), (Quebrada Aserradero), 10.89857, -85.56419, 160 m, 25-VII-1992, 1 male, 14-V-1992, 1 male, gusaneros leg., USNMENT01589272, 01589279 (USNM), ( Punta Plancha ), 10.7416, -85.42734, 420 m, 10-VII-2005, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USN- MENT01589064 (USNM), 26-VIII-2006, 2 females, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589207, 01589168 (USNM), 14-VIII-2006, 2 females, 4-VIII-2007, 1 female, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589205, 01589208, 01589213 (USNM), (Quebrada Tibio Perla), 10.76261, -85.42979, 330 m, 18-VII-2006, 1 male, 1 female, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589086, 01589017 (USNM), (Quebrada Raíz), 11.02865, -85.48669, 280 m, 23-XI-2006, 1 male, E. Cantillano leg., USNMENT01589084 (USNM), 21-IV-2003, 1 male, L. Ríos leg., USNMENT01589278 (USNM), (Quebrada Otilio), 10.88996, -85.47966, 550 m, 14-II-2005, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589107 (USNM), (Quebrada Grande), 7-VIII-2006, 1 male, L. Sihezar leg., USNMENT01589094 (USNM), 10.8435, -85.4987, 350 m, 3-V-2015, 2 males, E. Araya leg., USNMENT01590821, 01590822 (USNM), ( Río Chon ), 11.04118, -85.4417, 320 m, 18-IX-2002, 1 female, F. Quesada leg., USNMENT01590005 (USNM), ( Santa Cecilia ), 11.06262, - 85.41486, 335 m, 10-XI-2008, 1 male, M. Ríos leg., USNMENT01589144 (USNM), ( Río Azufrado ), 10.81224, - 85.54438, 95 m, 18-XII-2006, 4 males, 1 female, 17-XII-2006, 1 male, G. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589007, 01589065, 01589085, 01589104, 01589214, 01589105 (USNM), (Sendero Aguacate), 10.76901, -85.43465, 335 m, 9-II-2007, 1 male, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589021 (USNM), 14-IX-2006, 1 male, 10-X-2006, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589022, 01589060 (USNM), 10-X-2006, 1 male, 1 female, J. Cortez leg., USN- MENT01589024, 01589038 (USNM), (Sendero Bejuquilla), 11.03004, -85.52699, 280 m, 27-IX-2001, 1 male, 1- IX-2000, 1 male, L. Ríos leg., USNMENT01589281, 01589285 (USNM), (Sendero Pajarito), 10.88989, -85.47427, 600 m, 7-VIII-2005, 1 female, H. Ramírez leg., USNMENT01589008 (USNM), (Sendero Naciente), 10.98705, - 85.42816, 700 m, 18-V-2008, 1 female, M. Ríos leg., USNMENT01589247 (USNM), (Sendero Mora ), 10.76828, -85.42567, 480 m, 27-VII-2006, 2 males, 3 females, 18-VII-2006, 2 females, 14-VI-2007, 2 females, 1 male, 18- VII-2007, 1 male, 27-VII-2007, 1 male, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589087, 01589115, 01589175, 01589233, 01589238, 01589225, 01589229, 01589239, 01589243, 01589056, 01589097, 01589111 (USNM), 14-VI-2007, 1 male, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589141(USNM), ( Sendero Ponderosa ), 10.9146, -85.46262, 1,060 m, 8-XI- 2003, 1 male, 10-X-2003, 1 male, 4-X-2003, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589001, 01589020, 01589273 (USNM), 8-XI-2003, 1 female, H. Ramírez leg., USNMENT01589013 (USNM), (Tajo Ángeles), 10.86472, - 85.41531, 480 m, 20-IV-2007, 1 female, O. Espinoza leg., USNMENT01589240 (USNM), (Sendero Valentin), 27- X-2005, 1 female, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589011 (USNM), (Vado Agria), 10.75876, -85.37543, 560 m, 10-VIII-2008, 1 female, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589245 (USNM), 11-I-2008, 1 female, D. Guadamuz leg., USNMENT01589249 (USNM), 11-VIII-2008, 1 female, 11-VIII-2006, 4 males, 3 females, J. Sánchez leg., USN- MENT01589091, 01589167, 01589171, 01589199, 01589204, 01589106, 01589110, 01589119 (USNM), 11-I- 2008, 1 male, 2 females, 8-XI-2006, 1 male, 6-III-2005, 1 male, 7-VII-2008, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USN- MENT01589055, 01589248, 01589160, 01589095, 01589120, 01589150 (USNM), (Vado Chamaedorea ), 10.77638, -85.40024, 570 m, 21-IV-2005, 2 males, 1 female, 12-VIII-2008, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589062, 01589068, 01589192, 01589044 (USNM), 21-IV-2005, 1 male, 1 female, 3-VII-2006, 5 males, 1 female, 7-IX- 2006, 2 females, 10-VI-2007, 1 male, 1 female, 6-X-2007, 2 females, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589010, 01589012, 01589035, 01589063, 01589082, 01589083, 01589109, 01589122, 01589131, 01589140, 01589191, 01589224, 01589237, 01589244 (USNM), (Vado Chepón), 10.77816, -85.41629, 440 m, 18-II-2005, 1 female, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589198 (USNM), (Vado Ficus), 10.7709, -85.42455, 375 m, 8-IV-2006, 2 males, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589096, 01589134 (USNM), (Vado Licania), 10.77222, -85.41225, 470 m, 14-III-2006, 1 male, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589000 (USNM), 20-VI-2006, 1 male, 23-IX-2008, 1 female, 23-I-2007, 1 female, 1 male, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589130, 01589220, 01589034, 01589027 (USNM), 23-I-2007, 2 females, 1 male, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589026, 01589033, 01589180 (USNM), (Vado Lonchocarpus ), 10.76229, -85.39997, 490 m, 25-VI-2007, 1 male, 1 female, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589052, 01589241 (USNM), (Vado Miramonte), 10.77175, - 85.434, 305 m, 3-II-2008, 2 females, 22-IV-2008, 1 female, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589161, 01589162, 01589251 (USNM), (Vado Ocotea), 10.76387, -85.3784, 565 m, 11-VIII- 2006, 2 males, 2 females, 10-X-2006, 1 female, M. Pereira leg., USNMENT01589072, 01589093, 01589178, 01589202, 01589039 (USNM), 14-VIII-2008, 1 male, 1 female, J. Cortez leg., USNMENT01589045, 01589165 (USNM), (Vado Quebrada Calera), 10.86677, -85.6465, 305 m, 1-VIII-2007, 1 female, G. Pereira leg., USN- MENT01589256 (USNM), (Vado Zanja Tapada), 10.7648, -85.38445, 550 m, 22-I-2007, 1 female, J. Sánchez leg., USNMENT01589218 (USNM), (Vado Río Calera ), 10.80274, -85.67423, 10 m, 8-X-1994, 1 male, 1 female, gusaneros leg., USNMENT01589276, 01590008 (USNM). Alajuela —Área de Conservación Guanacaste (Buenos Aires), 10.89565, -85.31227, 400 m, 1-IX-2000, 1 female, C. Cano leg., USNMENT01589009 (USNM), ( Casa Keyner ), 10.9564, -85.2661, 120 m, 6-V-2016, 1 female, K. Aragón leg., USNMENT01590811 (USNM), ( Casa Andrés ), 11.01015, -85.35084, 330 m, 5-X-2007, 1 male, 3 females, 6-VI-2007, 1 male, 10-X-2007, 1 male, 10-V- 2007, 1 female, D. Briceño leg., USNMENT01589057, 01589266, 01589267, 01589269, 01589005, 01589059, 01589261 (USNM), (Estación Llanura), 10.93332, -85.25331, 135 m, 20-IV-2009, 2 females, 19-VI-2008, 1 male, M. Moraga leg., USNMENT01589230, 01589231, 01589078 (USNM), 27-V-2009, 2 females, 19-VI-2008, 3 males, 17-IV-2009, 1 female, 20-VII-2009, 1 female, 6-XII-2010, 1 female, C. Umaña leg., USNMENT01589215, 01589222, 01589070, 01589079, 01589081, 01589211, 01589234, 01589174 (USNM), (Estación Wege), 10.9689, -85.3202, 350 m, 28-XII-2015, 1 female, J. Hernández leg., USNMENT01590798 (USNM), (Finca Esmeraldas), 10.9355, -85.2531, 120 m, 26-I-2016, 1 male, C. Umaña leg., USNMENT01590806 (USNM), (Jacobo), 10.94076, -85.3177, 460 m, 13-XI-2010, 1 male, E. Apu leg., USNMENT01589077 (USNM), (Finca Aurita), 10.88409, - 85.25728, 460 m, 27-X-2008, 1 female, A. Córdoba leg., USNMENT01589173 (USNM), 5-XII-2005, 1 female, 21-X-2008, 1 female, 3-IV-2007, 1 female, J. Pérez leg., USNMENT01589181, 01589183, 01589246 (USNM), (Finca San Gabriel), 10.87766, -85.39343, 645 m, 16-V-2006, 2 females, 1 male, 23-V-2006, 4 females, 2 males, 27-V-2006, 2 males, 30-V-2006, 1 male, 20-VI-2006, 1 female, E. Araya leg., USNMENT01589018, 01589019, 01589121, 01589015, 01589076, 01589117, 01589129, 01589200, 01589203, 01589090, 01589092, 01589071, 01589228 (USNM), 12-VI-2006, 2 males, O. Espinoza leg., USNMENT01589073, 01589112 (USNM), 19-VI- 2006, 1 male, C. Cano leg., USNMENT01589116 (USNM), 12-VI-2006, 1 female, A. Córdoba leg., USN- MENT01589201 (USNM), (Laureles), 10.93319, -85.25335, 95 m, 15-VI-2007, 1 male, 22-X-2006, 1 female, 9-IV- 2008, 1 male, 13-IV-2008, 1 female, 12-V-2008, 1 male, 14-V-2008, 2 males, 15-V-2008, 2 males, 1 female, 16-V-2008, 1 female, 18-V-2008, 1 female, 19-V-2008, 1 female, 21-V-2008, 2 females, J. Pérez leg., USN- MENT01589102, 01589226, 01589125, 01589271, 01589152, 01589124, 01589133, 01589118, 01589136, 01589197, 01589194, 01589253, 01589264, 01589163, 01589206 (USNM), 8-IV-2008, 1 female, 1 male, 24-IV- 2008, 1 male, 26-IV-2008, 1 female, 28-IV-2008, 1 male, 1-V-2008, 1 female, 15-V-2008, 1 male, 20-V-2008, 1 male, C. Umaña leg., USNMENT01589262, 01589048, 01589156, 01589270, 01589138, 01589252, 01589154, 01589147 (USNM), (Palmital), 10.88264, -85.25164, 420 m, 21-XI-2003, 1 female, 1-XII-2003, 1 female, 23-XI- 2003, 1 male, J. Pérez leg., USNMENT01589016, 01589185, 01589286 (USNM), (Puente Palma), 10.9163, - 85.37869, 460 m, 2-VI-2007, 1 male, E. Araya leg., USNMENT01589061 (USNM), 5-VIII-2008, 1 female, C. Cano leg., USNMENT01589123 (USNM), 3-I-2014, 1 male, A. Córdoba leg., USNMENT01590792 (USNM), (Puente Río Negro ), 10.90376, -85.30174, 340 m, 19-VI-2008, 1 male, M. Carmona leg., USNMENT01589069

(USNM), 19-VI-2008, 1 female, 19-XI-2008, 2 females, A. Córdoba leg., USNMENT01589158, 01589159, 01589166 ( USNM), ( Quebrada Garcia ), 10.86069, -85.42558, 495 m , 23-IV-2012, 1 male, G. Sihezar leg., USN- MENT01590999 ( USNM), ( Río Blanco Abajo ), 10.90037, -85.37254, 500 m , 14-IV-2003, 1 male, O. Espinoza leg., USNMENT01589066 ( USNM) , 20-V-2002, 1 male, G. Sihezar leg., USNMENT01589127 ( USNM) , 26-V-2005, 1 female, E. Araya leg., USNMENT01589187 ( USNM), ( Vochysia ), 10.86666, -85.24528, 320 m , 2-IX-2005, 1 female, J. Pérez leg., USNMENT01589176 ( USNM), ( Vado Agria ), 10.9305, -85.37223, 500 m , 18-V-2007, 1 female, A. Córdoba leg., USNMENT01589250 ( USNM); Heredia —Barva , 1,200 m , VII-1988, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107034 ( MGCL). San José —no locality, 1,200 m , 24-VII-1979, 1 female, 1 male, R. Hesterberg leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092826, 1107032 ( MGCL) , 16-VIII-1976, 1 male, USNMENT00948623 ( USNM), 1 female, ex-coll. E. T. Owen, USNMENT01590026 ( USNM) , 6-VIII-1976, 1 female, USNMENT00941165 ( USNM) , XI-1903, 1 male, 1,160 m, XII-1905, 1 female, P. Biolliy leg., USNMENT01590021, 01590027 ( USNM); Montes de Oca ( San Pedro ), 1,150 m , 11-III-1978, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107033 ( MGCL) , 25-VI-1980, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590030 ( USNM); Desamparados , 1,200 m , 2-X-1978, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092803 ( MGCL); San Sebastián , 1-I-1996, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092807 ( MGCL), ( Paso Ancho ) , 31-XII-1986, 1 female, R. Chacón leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092805 ( MGCL). Cartago — no locality, 1 female, ex-coll. W. Schaus, USNMENT01590031 ( USNM); Turrialba , 16–30-IV-1972, 1 female, 1 male, 1–15-X-1972, 1 male, V. O. Becker leg., DZ 41.596 –41.598 ( DZUP); La Fuente , 17-III-1940, 1 male, A. Alfaro leg., USNMENT01590016 ( USNM). Limón —Guápiles , 300 m , V-1907, 1 male, 1 female, ex-coll. W. Schaus, USNMENT01590022, 01590025 ( USNM); Siquerres (7 km E) , 24-I-1982, 1 female, E. C. Olson leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092808 ( MGCL). Puntarenas —San Vito , 1,300 m , 29-IV-1978, 1 male, 22-IX-1977, 1 male, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590017, 01590020 ( USNM), ( Fila Cruces ) , 21-IX-1977, 1 male, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590023 ( USNM); Jaco Beach , 27-III-1985, 1 male, G. T. Austin leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107039 ( MGCL). PANAMA: no data, 1 male, ex-coll. R. C. Shannon, USNMENT01590035 ( USNM) , 1-VII-1970, 1 male, 15-VII-1970, 1 male, H. L. King leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107061, 1107062 ( MGCL). Chiriquí — Tierras Altas ( Volcán ) , 20-II-1936, 1 male, 18-II-1936, 1 female, W. J. Gertsch leg., AMNH_IZC 00352766, 00352767 ( AMNH). Panamá —no locality, 1 male, USNMENT01590037 ( USNM) , 1-II-1968, 4 males, 1 female, S. S. Nicolay leg., USNMENT01590034, 01590036, 01590042, 01590046, 01590050 ( USNM) , 2-I-1968, 1 female, UFFLMNH MGCL 1092849 ( MGCL) , 3-X-1971, 1 male, T. Taylor leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107049 ( MGCL) , 18-III-1977, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107058 ( MGCL) , IX-1975, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590049 ( USNM); Las Cumbres , 20-X-1968, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107066 ( MGCL); Cerro Campana , 700 m , 18-IX-1966, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590055 ( USNM) , 18-VI-1970, 1 female, H. L. King leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092847 ( MGCL); Madden Forest , 19-VIII-1969, 1 male, G. B. Small leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107057 ( MGCL), 23-VIII-[19]69, 1 female, USNMENT01590048 ( USNM); Arraiján ( Santa Clara ) , 31-VII-1975, 1 male, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107060 ( MGCL), 1,200 m , 20-VII- 1976, 1 female, 20-XI-1976, 1 female, 21-VII-1976, 1 female, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590052–01590054 ( USNM). Colón — Gatún , 1-XI-1972, 2 males, 1 female, H. L. King leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107064, 1107065, 1092848 ( MGCL); Piña , 100 m , VIII-1958, 2 females, 10-IV-1970, H. L. King leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1092846, 1092850 ( MGCL); Barro Colorado , 28-IV-1933, 1 male, F. E. Lutz leg., AMNH_IZC 00352768 ( AMNH); Donoso , 2-VII-1972, 1 male, H. L. King leg., UFFLMNH MGCL 1107063 ( MGCL). Darién — Cana , 400 m , 16-VII-1981, 1 male, G. B. Small leg., USNMENT01590041 ( USNM) .

Figures

FIGURE 169. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Male, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: a. (FLMNH MGCL 1092904-MGCL), b. (FLMNH MGCL 1092906-MGCL) Quintana Roo, c. (FLMNH MGCL 1092915-MGCL), d. (FLMNH MGCL 1092918-MGCL), e. (FLMNH MGCL 1092919-MGCL) Chiapas; Belize: f. (19.711-CGCM) Cayo District. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 170. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Male, dorsal and ventral views: Guatemala: a. (AMNH_ IZC 00352751-AMNH) Alta Veracruz; Nicarágua: b. (FLMNH MGCL 1107041-MGCL) Manágua; Costa Rica: c. (USN- MENT01589023-USNM), d. (USNMENT01589048-USNM) e. (USNMENT01589075-USNM) Guanacaste; Panama: f. (US- NMENT01590034-USNM) Colón.

FIGURE171.Opsiphanesfabriciifabricii (Boisduval, 1870):Male,dorsal andventral views:Panama:a. (USNMENT01590042- USNM), b. (AMNH_IZC 00352768-AMNH) Colón. Female, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: c. (USNMENT00941529- USNM) Oaxaca. White arrows indicate diagnostic characters of the species.

FIGURE 172. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Female, dorsal and ventral views: Mexico: a. (USN- MENT01590957-USNM) San Luíz Potosí, b. (FLMNH MGCL 1092711-MGCL) Oaxaca.

FIGURE 173. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Guatemala: (FLMNH MGCL 1092766-MGCL) Petén; b. El Salvador (FLMNH MGCL 1092774-MGCL) San Salvador.

FIGURE 174. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Female, dorsal and ventral views: Costa Rica: a. (USN- MENT01589011-USNM), b. (USNMENT01589012-USNM) Guanacaste.

FIGURE 175. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Female, dorsal and ventral views: a. Costa Rica: (USN- MENT01589171-USNM) Guanacaste; b. Panama: (USNMENT01590049-USNM) Colón.

FIGURE 179. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Male: a. abdomen, lateral view, b. detail of the scent organ, lateral view; genitalia: c. dorsal view, d. ventral view, e. lateral view; aedeagus: f. dorsal view, g. ventral view, h. lateral view (19.711-CGCM); valva: i. (DZ 41.542-DZUP), j. (DZ 41.563-DZUP), k. (DZ 41.600-DZUP) variations of the dorso-distal portion.

FIGURE 180. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 2475-DZUP).

FIGURE 181. Geographical distribution of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870), Opsiphanes fabricii camposi Bristow, 1991 stat. nov. and Opsiphanes fabricii numatius Fruhstorfer, 1912 stat. nov.

FIGURE 182. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870). Lectotype of Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870); a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 183. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870). Lectotype of Opsiphanes cassina chiriquensis Stichel, 1902 syn. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.

FIGURE 184. Opsiphanes fabricii fabricii (Boisduval, 1870). Holotype of Opsiphanes cassina aiellae Bristow, 1991; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view.