Galesus Haliday, 1829

MASNER, LUBOMÍR & GARCÍA R, JOSÉ LUIS, 2002, The Genera Of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) In The New World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (268), pp. 1-138 : 37-39

Galesus Haliday, 1829 .

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium to large­sized (3–6 mm) individuals, rarely body size smaller (about 2 mm); body color deep black with appendages sometimes lighter, body predominantly smooth, highly shining, with abundant pilosity, usually with hairy cushions but no foamy structures; occiput gradually rounded posteriorly, not steplike; labrum exposed, sclerotized, sharply triangular; oral carina moderately to strongly developed, permitting movement of mandible only along vertical axis; mandible long, falcate, bidentate, distinctly projecting diagonally backward (opisthognathous); antenna apparently capable of rotation in socket, permitting variable positions; A 1 in both sexes relatively short, subtriangular, with sharp ledge on outer side, always with distinct flaps apically; male A3 moderately to distinctly shorter than A4; forewing in both sexes never folded longitudinally, without apical emargination, with tracheate but clear (depigmented) submarginal vein, vein knobbed apically, not reaching foremargin of wing; T2 (macrotergite) with deep median cleft .

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view usually moderately to distinctly elongate, with shelf and toruli strongly protruding, shelf typically forming sharp membrane often notched or sinuate medially ; frons always armed with projections, points, ledges or carinae; vertex gradually sloping into occiput, without step; temple moderately to distinctly longer than length of eye; head in lateral view remarkably subtriangular; antennal shelf strongly projecting forward; level of torulus at lower half of eye; eye relatively small, subellipsoidal, always higher than long, usually smaller in female; oral carina strongly developed, semicircular, bladelike, permitting movement of mandible only along vertical axis; postgenal cushion usually well developed, rarely reduced; occipital flange moderately developed, usually noncrenulate; head in frontal view with face long, strongly convex medially, depressed laterally; clypeus highly convex, as high as wide or higher; epistomal sulcus weakly developed; labrum exposed, sclerotized, sharply triangular; malar sulcus not developed; gena between lower eye orbit and mandibular condyle distinctly to moderately shorter than eye height; tentorial pit large; mandible long, falcate, bidentate, mandible distinctly projecting diagonally backward (opisthognathous), apical tooth usually strongly curved inward; palpal formula 5–2; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; antennal formula 12–14; A1 relatively short, subtriangular, with sharp ledge on outer side, with no additional sharp projections below, always with distinct flaps apically; female antenna with nonabrupt multisegmented clava, clavomeres rarely flattened apically, A12 usually largest and longest, with or without ventral pit; male antenna filiform, A3–A14 with dense moderately long nonverticillate hairs, A3 moderately to distinctly shorter than A4, A4 moderately constricted basally, without carina. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately to distinctly long, usually as wide as high, flattened to only moderately convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with cervix well developed; pronotal shoulders at most moderately rounded; posterior margin of pronotum (in front of mesoscutum) noncrenulate, usually densely hairy; side of pronotum almost flat or weakly concave medially, smooth and glabrous, with distinct pilosity along anterior and dorsal margins; epomium not developed; spiracle on prothorax moderately tubelike; propleuron in lower half (above forecoxa) without carinate field, generally densely hairy; mesoscutum about as long as wide, at most moderately convex to flattened, with relatively few scattered semierect hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines not developed; notaulus percurrent, deep, noncrenulate, usually narrow, not dilated posteriorly, almost contiguous with transscutal articulation; humeral and suprahumeral sulci not developed; anterior scutellar pit large, always bifoveate, foveae strongly converging anteriorly, separated by narrow septum; scutellar disc subquadratic to subcircular, with sharp lateral keels, posterolateral corners of disc rounded; axillar pit never developed; lateral pit always developed, posterior scutellar pit present, sometimes reduced to transverse row of slits; posterior margin of axilla at most slightly arcuate, slanted diagonally, sharply bent; axillar depression relatively small, deep, with abundant pilosity, usually with dense tuft of hairs in posterior corner (below posterolateral corner of scutellar disc); mesopleuron only slightly convex, smooth, shining, part above sternaulus almost glabrous; median oblique depression not developed; epicnemial pit moderately to strongly developed, epicnemial carina moderately developed, noncrenulate ventrally; sternaulus strong, percurrent, noncrenulate; posterior margin of mesopleuron usually smooth, rarely partly or entirely crenulate; metanotum moderately developed; dorsellum with three low longitudinal keels; metapleuron rough rugulose, densely hairy; propodeum relatively long; median keel replaced by inverted Vshaped carina, rarely pointed anteriorly, plica developed or obscured by rough rugulosity; posterior margin of propodeum excavate posterolateral corners moderately to strongly projecting; nucha short, concealed under anterior rim of petiole; forewing in both sexes never folded longitudinally, without apical emargination, with tracheate but clear (depigmented) submarginal vein, vein knobbed apically, slanted diagonally, not reaching foremargin of wing; basal vein often indicated as nebulous arc; submarginal vein in hind wing incomplete, hyaline or absent, with only short basal tracheate stem; wings very rarely shortened or absent; legs moderately elongate, trochanters in particular, femora distinctly clavate, with no flaps apically. ME­ TASOMA. Metasoma long and pedunculate, petiole cylindrical, moderately elongate to distinctly longer than wide (up to 2.5 times), with strong longitudinal carinae, glabrous dorsally, hairy ventrally and at sides; metasoma past petiole long and ovoid; anterior margin of T2 (macrotergite) with long deep median cleft flanked sometimes with shallow lateral depressions ; following tergites compact, apical tergite in female not flexed un­ der, visible dorsally; S2 basally with hairy cushion and three shallow longitudinal depressions.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: In the past, Psilus (i.e., Galesus ) was confused with Coptera ; Muesebeck (1980) emphasized the shape of the occiput, presence of tracheate submarginal vein in forewing and the ratio of A3 to A 4 in the male antenna as the principal character states of Psilus . Psilus differs from Ortona by falcate mandibles, armed A1, and the structure of the female antennal clava; from Aneuropria furthermore by the deeply notched anterior margin of T2.

DISTRIBUTION: This is a large genus represented primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, with no members in the Neotropical and Australian regions. Muesebeck (1980) recognized 17 Nearctic species.

BIOLOGY: The biological ground plan is primary parasitism of Diptera , but only a few positive host records exist ( Muesebeck, 1980).

TRIBE SPILOMICRINI ASHMEAD 1893

DIAGNOSIS: Mostly medium­sized, less frequently minute or large individuals, usually with only moderate pilosity and only rarely with foamy structures; labrum either exposed or concealed; hypostomal bridge absent, rarely (secondarily) developed; malar sulcus present or absent; antennal formula most frequently 13–13, rarely 12–13, exceptionally 14–14, female clava generally nonabrupt, male antenna nonverticillate; notaulus typically percurrent, less frequently abbreviate or absent; anterior scutellar pit variable, single, bifoveate, tripartite or replaced by arc of minute crenulae, lateral and posterior scutellar pits usually present; epicnemial pit usually developed, often filled with dense pilosity, rarely reduced; epicnemial carina often crenulate, bordering epicnemial pit, sternaulus often developed; submarginal vein in forewing relatively long, distinctly exceeding basal third of wing length, vein distinctly to remarkably remote from foremargin, costal cell relatively wide, costal vein often well developed, less frequently depigmented or absent, marginal and stigmal veins well developed, postmarginal vein rarely developed, basal vein often developed, usually nebulous, tending toward submarginal vein distinctly before marginal vein; large tergite of metasoma composed of fused T2 + T3 , i.e., syntergite .

REMARKS: This is the second largest tribe of the subfamily with 12 genera recognized in the New World ( Bruchopria Kieffer , Chilomicrus , new genus, Doddius , new genus, Entomacis Foerster , Epomium , new genus, Ferrugenus , new genus, Idiotypa Foerster , Paramesius Westwood , Pentapria Kieffer , Poecilopsilus Ogloblin , Spilomicrus Westwood , and Xenismarus Ogloblin ). Although habitually quite cohesive, the tribe remains defined mostly on characters of plesiomorphic conditions. Xenismarus and Chilomicrus are perhaps the most primitive genera, with antennal formula 14–14. The absolute majority of the tribe has antennal formula 13– 13, which is quite unique in the entire subfamily. Wing reduction in both sexes is frequent among the Spilomicrini . The biological ground plan is with dipterous hosts; no highly specialized myrmecophiles are known among the members of this tribe and no species seem to enter aquatic habitats.

Bruchopria Kieffer Figures 23, 24

Figures

Figs. 21–33. 21, Basalys sp. female head, dorsal view; 22, Basalys sp. female habitus, lateral view; 23, Bruchopria sp. female pronotum, lateral view; 24, Bruchopria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 25, Bruesopria sp. female, lateral view; 26, Bruesopria sp. female, dorsal view; 27, Caecopria sp. male head, frontal view; 28, Caecopria sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 29, Caecopria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 30, Caecopria sp. male, dorsal view; 31, Caecopria sp. male habitus, lateral view; 32, Chilomicrus pecki n. sp. male habitus, lateral view; 33, C. pecki male habitus, dorsal view.