Poecilopsilus Ogloblin, 1955: 85–88

MASNER, LUBOMÍR & GARCÍA R, JOSÉ LUIS, 2002, The Genera Of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) In The New World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (268), pp. 1-138 : 56-59

Poecilopsilus Ogloblin, 1955: 85–88 .

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium to large­sized individuals (4–6 mm); body color mottled light and dark brown; body smooth and highly shining, with abundant pilosity, especially on head and propodeum; foamy structures not developed; antennal shelf not developed, toruli separated by deep gap, not connected by carina; A1 relatively short, subequal to or shorter than A3, apical rim circular, not emarginate ventrally; notaulus complete, deeply incised, strongly crenulate and dilated posteriorly; anterior scutellar pit entire, large; median keel of dorsellum produced into long fingerlike process; forewing generally infuscate, heavily maculate; petiole strongly elongate; anterior margin of syntergite not notched medially, metasoma past petiole in female conical, moderately compressed, female apical sternite long, plow­shaped.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view transverse, subrectangular ; temples relatively long, moderately receding; toruli separated by deep gap, not connected by carina; head in lateral view with antennal shelf not developed; level of torulus in middle of eye; eye subcircular, highly convex; oral carina not developed; postgenal cushion absent; occipital flange narrow but strongly developed, crenulate; head in frontal view with small pointed crest on frons (between toruli and anterior ocellus), with long face; mandible strong, large, bidentate, with lower tooth distinctly longer; clypeus strongly convex, with middle part subrectangular, with anterior margin almost flexed, with anterolateral corners more or less pointed; epistomal sulcus replaced by deep declivity; labrum not exposed; tentorial pit well developed; malar sulcus strong and broad; cheek and gena not striate; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; palpi long and slender, palpal formula 5–2; antenna in both sexes 13­segmented, A1 relatively short, subequal to A3 (female) or distinctly shorter than A3 (male), with apical rim unarmed and not emarginate ventrally, female antenna long and slender, only slightly incrassate toward apex, clava not well defined, 4–5­segmented, clavomeres almost beadlike, not flattened ventrally, A13 only slightly longer than A12; male antenna long, filiform, A3–A13 with dense semierect pilosity, A3 and A4 not bent but with fine, long carinae ventrally. ME­ SOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short, usually as high as wide, highly convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view relatively well developed, with cervix distinctly elongate and constricted; pronotal shoulders well developed, but rounded, almost glabrous; epomium not developed; mesoscutum with scapula and mid lobe highly convex; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines moderately developed; notaulus complete, deeply incised, strongly crenulate, distinctly dilated posteriorly; humeral and suprahumeral sulci deep, sharply margined, sometimes with fine crenulae; anterior scutellar pit large, deep, subcircular, entire, slightly smaller than scutellar disc; scutellar disc subrectangular to subquadrate with lateral keels moderately developed; lateral scutellar pits reduced or not well developed; posterior scutellar pits minute; posterior margin of axilla rounded; axillar depression large, with sparse pilosity; side of pronotum glabrous, with several deep crenulae in front of spiracle; mesopleuron predominantly glabrous, considerably convex, with only shallow median oblique line, with row of crenulae along posterior margin; epicnemial pit well developed: sternaulus at most weakly developed; metanotum relatively broad; dorsellum with median keel remarkably produced into long fingerlike process; metapleuron with rough rugulosity, densely hairy; entire propodeum densely hairy, propodeum in dorsal view relatively long, subquadrate, median keel and plica not defined, posterolateral corners of propodeum moderately pointed, posterior margin of propodeum not developed, nucha rather short; forewing long and large, subtruncate apically, generally infuscate and remarkably maculate, with rich wing venation, costa hyaline or nonpigment­ ed; submarginal vein tracheate, distinctly remote from foremargin, hence costal cell relatively broad; marginal vein reaching near middle of wing length, elongate, slightly longer than stigmal vein, stigmal vein slightly slanted (not perpendicular) toward marginal vein; postmarginal vein not developed; basal vein only moderately arcuate, deeply pigmented; median vein, Rs and cubitus nebulous; hind wing with submarginal and basal veins tracheate, basal cell open ventrally; legs very long and slender, trochanters distinctly elongate, femora strongly constricted in anterior half, subclavate in posterior half. METASOMA. Petiole remarkably elongate, almost pencil­like, moderately tapering posteriorly, with fine longitudinal rugulosity and scattered pilosity, petiole only slightly short­ er (female) or longer (male) than rest of metasoma; anterior margin of syntergite narrow, subequal in width to petiole, not notched medially; apex of female metasoma considerably compressed, conical and long­pointed; base of S2 with two raised converging keels; apical sternite in female long, triangular, plow­shaped.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Poecilopsilus is closest to Entomacis , Xenismarus and Doddius ; it shares with them the struc­ ture of the toruli, the shape of the scapal (A1) rim, and the type of wing venation. From Entomacis it differs primarily by the structure of the notauli, from Xenismarus by a nonexposed labrum, and from Doddius by the nonstriate cheeks.

DISTRIBUTION: Specimens of Poecilopsilus were examined from the Valdivian forest of Chile and Argentina. At present only one species is described ( Ogloblin, 1955).

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

Spilomicrus Westwood Figures 55a , 97

Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832: 129 .

Loxotropa Foerster, 1856: 122 , 123, 126. Synonymized by Masner, 1964a: 123–155.

Hoplopria Ashmead, 1893: 385 , 386, 388. NEW SYNONYMY.

Linkiola Kieffer, 1910b: 39 . NEW SYNONYMY.

Eriopria Kieffer, 1910a: 693 , 744. Synonymized by Masner, 1964a: 123–155.

Tritopria Kieffer, 1910a: 717 , 748. Synonymized by Masner, 1964a: 123–155.

Cologlyptus Crawford, 1910: 123 . Synonymized by Masner, in Krombein and Burks, 1967: 285– 305.

Scutellipria Szabo, 1961: 53–493 . Synonymized by Masner, 1964a: 123–155.

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Predominantly mediumsized (2.5–3.5 mm), rarely smaller (1 mm) or larger (3.5– 7 mm) individuals; body color predominantly black or brownish black, rarely light brown, reddish or orange, legs and often part of antenna contrastingly lighter; body smooth and highly shining, predominantly glabrous, without micropilosity, usually with sparse semierect to erect long hairs; hairy cushions usually present on postgena, side of pronotum and upper part of propleuron; foamy structures not developed; antennal shelf predominantly well developed with toruli interconnected with sharp carina, or rarely shelf absent with toruli more or less wide apart; A 3 in male subequal to A4; anterior scutellar pit bifoveate; anterior margin of syntergite not flexed, but distinctly elevated above level of petiole, not notched medially, rarely with two hairy depressions anterolaterally; apex of female metasoma only shortly pointed, apical sternite short, not compressed.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view subglobular with shelf and toruli often strongly projecting ; toruli predominantly connected by carina, rarely toruli separated by declivity; temple usually short, receding; head in lateral view with antennal shelf well developed; level of torulus around middle of eye; eye subcircular to ovoid; oral carina moderately to well developed; postgenal cushion predominantly well developed, in some species quite strong; occipital flange always present, sharply defined, sometimes broad and strongly convex, rarely crenulate; head in frontal view with face moderately long; mandible short but strong, bidentate with lower tooth moderately to distinctly longer; clypeus moderately convex, anterior margin of clypeus often slightly arcuate, not flexed; epistomal sulcus moderately to distinctly indicated by declivities; labrum not exposed; tentorial pit present or absent; malar sulcus developed or absent; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge not developed; palpi long and slender, palpal formula 5–2, maxillary palpus 4 often wedgelike; antenna in both sexes 13­segmented; A1 remarkably long and slender (female) or moderately long (male), with apical rim unarmed, only moderately emarginate ventrally, or rim produced laterally in two lamellate flaps (fig. 55a); female antenna with moderate, nonabrupt, multisegmented clava, A13 subequal in length or shorter than A12, often with ventral pit, clavomeres almost always distinctly flattened ventrally; male antenna typically filiform, with scattered short hairs, A3 subequal to A4, A4 almost always modified, with sharp longitudinal carina, rarely A3 or A5– A7 with low carinae. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma generally short, usually as high as wide or wider than high, slightly to distinctly convex dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with cervix strongly developed; pronotal shoulders often well developed, rounded, sometimes sharp; side of pronotum anteriorly with dense pilosity or hairy cushion; epomium predominantly absent, rarely developed, and then quite sharp, with adjacent transverse rugulae; posterior margin of pronotum (between forecoxa and spiracle) noncrenulate or transverse ridges, but with single row of short hairs; propleuron generally hairy, sometimes with hairy cushion; mesoscutum usually as long as wide, moderately to strongly convex, rarely flattened; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines developed or absent; notaulus complete, noncrenulate, abbreviate anteriorly, or absent; humeral and suprahumeral sulci developed or absent, noncrenulate; anterior scutellar pit bifoveate, pits shallow or absent in short­winged species; scutellar disc subrectangular or subquadrate, rarely sharply ridged medially, with sharp lateral keels and deep lateral scutellar pits very, rarely lateral pits not developed; posterior scutellar pits usually present, rarely absent, axillar pit present or absent; posterior margin of axilla usually sharp, rarely round­ ed; axillar depression large, deep, often with dense pilosity; mesopleuron moderately convex, oblique median depression usually well developed; epicnemial pit always present, smooth; sternaulus present or absent; posterior margin of mesopleuron predominantly noncrenulate or pits; metanotum moderately developed; dorsellum usually with three keels, keels rarely sharp to bladelike; metapleuron concave anteriorly, usually coarsely rugose and densely hairy; propodeum moderately to distinctly elongate, median keel usually well developed, often produced into long spine directed upward, or backward; plica moderately to strongly developed; posterior margin of propodeum usually angularly excised, sometimes with strong rim and with posterolateral corners moderately projecting; side of propodeum rugose and densely hairy; forewing usually long and slender, perfectly rounded apically, hyaline, infuscate or sometimes maculate, marginal cilia moderately to fairly long; wing venation reaching to middle of wing length; costa usually less distinctly tracheate than submarginal vein, rarely costa hyaline or absent; costal cell relatively broad, rarely more narrow; marginal vein typically slightly elongate, less frequently distinctly elongate or short, thick, almost spotlike; stigmal vein slanted, short, at most subequal to marginal vein; postmarginal vein rudimentary or absent; basal vein at most nebulous, slightly to distinctly arcuate, slanted at acute angle toward submarginal vein; basal part of Rs2 and posterior part of M at most weakly nebulous; forewing sometimes with whitish longitudinal streak; hind wing with submarginal vein tracheate or hyaline; wings may be reduced to absent, mostly in females, rare­ ly in both sexes; legs moderately elongate and slender, especially trochanters and hind tibiae, claws sometimes very strong, apices of mid and hind femora often produced into lamellate flaps. METASOMA. Metasoma moderate­ to long­pedunculate; petiole moderately to remarkably elongate, pencil­like, slightly to distinctly expanded anteriorly over nucha, typically with longitudinal carinae or costae, less frequently with irregular sculpture, at least partly glabrous dorsally, densely hairy (sometimes with cushion ventrally); metasoma past petiole elongate ovoid, moderately wider than high, considerably flattered, at most only moderately convex dorsally; anterior margin of syntergite not flexed but distinctly elevated above level of petiole, not notched medially, exceptionally with two hairy depressions anterolaterally; apex of female metasoma only shortly pointed, with short, noncompressed apical sternite; apical sternite and apex of ovipositor valves rarely with dense stiff pegs or patch of dense pilosity; base of S2 without keels but often with cushion of hairs.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Spilomicrus is a large polytypic genus; in the past, several marginal species groups were given generic rank, especially in the Neotropic region. Among the Spilomicrini , Spilomicrus differs from Pentapria by bifoveate anterior scutellar pit, entire (not notched) anterior margin of syntergite, and lack of deep longitudinal groove on side of pronotum. From Entomacis it differs also by the bifoveate anterior scutellar pit, furthermore by the ratio of the marginal versus the stigmal veins and the strong development of the antennal shelf connecting the toruli. From Paramesius it differs by the shorter marginal vein and relatively short, nonconical shape of female apical sternite.

DISTRIBUTION: In the New World there are a large number of species occurring from Canada to Chile, with maximum diversity attained in both lowland and high elevations of the New World tropics. Masner (1991) keyed 21 species in the Nearctic region.

BIOLOGY: The ground plan biology is primary parasitism (both solitary and gregarious) of various Diptera ; a few species were reared from Coleoptera . There are no spe­ cialized myrmecophiles among New World species.

Xenismarus Ogloblin Figure 101

Figures

Figs. 53–60. 53, Epomium cicatrix n. sp. female habitus, lateral view; 54, Ferrugenus chilensis n. sp. metasoma, dorsal view; 55a, Spilomicrus sp. A1–A2; 55b, Ferrugenus chilensis A1–A2; 56, Ferrugenus chilensis habitus, lateral view; 57, Hansona pauli n. sp. habitus, dorsal view; 58, Labidopria sp. habitus, dorsal view; 59, Idiotypa sp. habitus, dorsal view; 60, Idiotypa sp. habitus, lateral view.

Figs. 89–97. 89, Psilus sp. female habitus, lateral view; 90, Platymischus dilatatus, lateral view; 92, Psychopria hoguei n. sp. male metasoma, dorsal view; 93, P. hoguei male head, frontal view; 94, P. hoguei male habitus, lateral; 94a, P. hoguei male, A4–A5; 95, Szelenyisca sp. female head, lateral view; 96, Szelenyiopria sp. female habitus, lateral view; 97, Spilomicrus atriclavus Ashmead, female habitus, lateral view.

Figs. 98–102. 98, Townesella marjoriae Huggert & Masner, habitus, lateral view; 99, Trichopria sp. habitus, lateral view; 100, Turripria woldai n. sp. habitus, lateral view; 101, Xenismarus sp. habitus, lateral view; 102, Xanthopria sp. habitus, lateral view.