Ecitovagus Masner, 1977: 33–36

MASNER, LUBOMÍR & GARCÍA R, JOSÉ LUIS, 2002, The Genera Of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) In The New World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (268), pp. 1-138 : 77-83

Ecitovagus Masner, 1977: 33–36 .

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium­sized individuals (approximately 3 mm), with sexes very similar in general appearance in E. gibbus Masner ; body light to dark ferrugineous, predominantly sculptured, rough rugulose and matte or partly sculptured and partly shining, metasoma past petiole predominantly smooth, sculpture of males generally finer; body generally with long semidecumbent bristles; foamy structures or hairy cushions not developed, but fine appressed pilosity may occur; antennal shelf margined posteriorly; frons armed; mesoscutum strongly humped anteromedially, hump compressed and highly elevated above head; mesosternum and metasternum anteriorly (in front of mid coxae) with deep cleft; posterior part of mid propodeum remarkably constricted, bellshaped, protruding backward above hind coxae, causing impression of 2­segmented petiole; tarsi distinctly compressed.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view subquadrate, temple relatively long, head hypognathous, frons armed with three projections, antennal shelf sharply margined posteriorly, large and deep; head in lateral view with postgena behind eye distinctly wider than eye, eye relatively small, eye height distinctly shorter than half head height, ommatidia relatively large and convex; mandible bidentate lower tooth longer than upper tooth, palpi very short, palpal formula 3–2; oral carina strongly developed, gena and postgena almost glabrous; hypostomal bridge moderately developed; occipital flange narrow but distinctly steplike; female antenna 12­segmented, antennal clava nonabrupt, multisegmented (8 segments), clavomeres distinctly transverse, noncompact, A12 slightly reduced in size; A1 elongate, cylindrical, rounded apically, A3 remarkably elongate; male antenna 14­segmented, either with A3 and A4 strongly sexually modified, subtriangular, constricted basally and expanded distally, A5 to A13 strongly transverse, almost beadlike, A14 remarkably diminished, or A3 and A4 not sexually modified, A3 to A13 elongate, constricted basally, with scattered short bristles, A14 not diminished. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma moderately higher than wide; pronotal shoulders and epomium not developed; propleuron and anterior sides of pronotum without foamy structures or cushions of hairs, cervix of prothorax relatively short, pronotum strongly narrowed anteromedially; mesoscutum strongly humped anteromedially, hump compressed and highly elevated above head; tegula large, sculptured or smooth; scutellum trapezoidal, anterior scutellar pit transverse, subrectangular, large and deep, slightly short­ er than scutellar disc; outer margin of axilla produced in sharp bladelike keel; scutellar disc pillow­shaped, convex, with moderate to strong median longitudinal keel, lateral keels not projecting; axillar depression deep; mesopleuron flat, subrectangular, straight ventrally, with deep oblique submedian sulcus; dorsellum usually well defined, with three longitudinal keels; metapleuron large, rugulose, with deep, large excavation anterodorsally, metapleuron separated dorsally from propodeum by sharp arched carina; median part of propodeum in dorsal view elongate, subcampanulate, protruding backward above hind coxa, laterally (near spiracle) with deep depression running obliquely from posterior margin of dorsellum to base of hind coxa, here forming deep cleft, thus causing impression of 2­segmented petiole, dorsal side of propodeum in lateral view not sloping, horizontal, median keel and plica not developed, posterior margin of propodeum deeply excavate; wings primarily developed, slen­ der, slightly yellowish, marginal vein subtriangular, stigmal vein not developed; legs remarkably long and slender, femur in lateral view subcylindrical, nonclavate; hind tibia in dorsal view compressed in anterior half; tarsi distinctly compressed, especially on fore and middle legs. METASOMA. Petiole in dorsal view slightly to moderately elongate, robust, without longitudinal keels, with scattered bristles, in lateral view sometimes with sharp longitudinal keel ventrally, posterior side of petiole sloping abruptly down forming deep cleft with anterior margin of syntergite; metasoma past petiole in lateral view only slightly convex dorsally, entire syntergite with scattered semierect bristles, sometimes syntergite partly with fine coriaceous microsculpture; anterior margin of S2 entire; special spot on S2 large, near anterior margin.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Among the ecitophilic genera Ecitovagus can be distinguished conveniently on two apomorphic character states: the anteromedian hump on mesoscutum and the strongly constricted and prolonged median part of propodeum. Masner (1977) compared Ecitovagus with Myrmecopria , emphasizing differences in structure of mesoscutum, propodeum, and absence of sharp apices of tibiae in Ecitovagus . Ecitovagus shares some character states with Apopria , and also resembles Notoxoides and Philolestoides , primarily in the shape of the mesosoma, which is higher than wide and also in the profile of petiole and the rest of metasoma.

DISTRIBUTION: We examined Ecitovagus gibbus (from Arizona), two species from Mexico, and one species from Costa Rica (CNCI); differences between these species indicate much larger extent of the genus in this region.

BIOLOGY: Ecitovagus gibbus is associated with Neivamyrmex nigrescens (Cresson) in Arizona; dealated female individuals were observed in raid columns of ants during crepuscular and night time observations. The wasps resemble ants, not only in size and color but also in movements, making distinguishing difficult. True lytic alectomy occurs in E. gibbus .

Eladio , new genus Figures 45, 46, 47

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium­sized individuals (2 to 3 mm), sexes considerably dissimilar; body predominantly light­colored, from yellowish brown to dark brown or ferrugineous; body almost entirely sculptured, usually head and mesosoma coarse, netlike, coriaceous or rarely body only matte, metasoma past petiole densely matte with fine microsculpture, in males sculpture generally finer to partly smooth, body predominantly hairy, hairs normal, thickened or specialized as flattened setae, whitish, golden, or rufous color; cushion of hairs well developed, foamy structures usually rudimentary, especially in females; female clava usually spindle­shaped, with subcompact clavomeres, male antenna apparently 13­segmented due to partial fusion of A3 and A4; female A12 not larger than A11; propodeum relatively large, median keel remarkably produced anteriorly into process curved backward, process often flattened dorsally, sometimes spatulate, reaching to or overlapping posterior margin of propodeum, plica well developed; metapleuron in females partly glabrous with sculpture similar to rest of mesosoma; wings relatively broad, surface distinctly glassy, often bronze; hind tibia with remarkable brush of long, dense, setae; metasoma past petiole relatively flattened dorsally.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view subglobular to moderately elongate anteriorly; frons unarmed; antennal shelf shallow, not margined posteriorly; head in lateral view with torulus in upper half of eye; eye oval, in female subequal to postgena, in males eye clearly longer than postgena; posterior orbit straight; ommatidia rather large and convex; oral carina moderately to well developed; postgenal cushion absent or minute; occipital flange weakly developed; head in frontal view with mandible bidentate, lower tooth longer; head in ventral view with hypostomal bridge moderately developed; palpal formula 5–2; female antenna 12­segmented, with nonabrupt 5­ or 7­segmented spindle­shaped clava, with subcompact clavomeres, A12 not larger than A11, A3–A5 distinctly elongate, cylindrical; A1 remarkably long and strong, cylindrical, unarmed apically; male antenna apparently 13­segmented due to partial fusion of A3 and A4; fused A3 and A4 sometimes with sharp carina on outer side; A5–A14 knotted with one whorl of bristles on each node; A7–A12 without specialized brushes, A1 elongate, cylindrical, shorter than in female, unarmed apically. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma in dorsal view with pronotum moderately developed, pronotal shoulders not developed; sides of pronotum without epomium, with moderate to well developed cushion of specialized hairs and some foamy structures; propleuron with foamy structures; mesoscutum as long as wide, moderately to distinctly convex; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines usually present; tegula sculptured, especially in females; anterior scutellar pit shallow, small, smaller than axilla or scutellar disc; scutellar disc subcircular, moderately convex, with moderate longitudinal keel, rarely crested and then almost pyramidal, lateral keels of scutellar disc moderately developed; axilla remarkably large, posterior margin sharp, axillar depression small but deeply excavate, with rudimentary foamy structures; mesopleuron almost flat, median oblique line weakly developed; dorsellum well developed, with sharp keels, metanotum laterad dorsellum smooth and shining; metapleuron in females partly glabrous with sculpture similar to rest of mesosoma, metapleuron in males covered with dense pilosity; propodeum relatively large, median keel remarkably produced anteriorly into process curved backward, process often flattened dorsally, sometimes spatulate, reaching to or overlapping posterior margin of propodeum, plica well developed; posterior margin of propodeum sharp, deeply concave, posterolateral corners of propodeum produced and pointed; wings relatively broad, surface distinctly glassy, often bronze; basal part of front margin and submarginal vein distinctly upcurved, stigmal vein relatively well developed; legs relatively strong, entirely sculptured, femur rather thick, nonclavate, hind tibia with remarkable brush of short dense setae; apex of foretibia without specialized dorsal spine. METASOMA. Petiole subquadrate to slightly elongate in females, distinctly elongate in males, cylindrical, with abundant pilosity, in males with foamy structures; metasoma past petiole relatively flattened dorsally, only moderately convex ventrally, females with short broad apical point; S2 without specialized spot; anterior margin of syntergite distinctly wider than petiole.

TYPE SPECIES: Eladio cruzi , new species (described below), by present designation.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Members of Eladio can be recognized conveniently on two synapomorphies, namely the characteristic netlike reticulation of the head, mesosoma, and legs, and the dense brush of setae on inner side of tibia. Eladio is also characterized by glassy wings, a strongly developed median keel of propodeum as well as high degree of thick pilosity on pronotum, metapleuron, and petiole. Eladio appears related to Acanthopria primarily because of structure and shape of wings and type of male antenna, especially the fusion of A3 and A4. Eladio is also related to Szelenyiopria , another derivative of Acanthopria .

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is dedicat­ ed to Mr. Eladio Cruz , one­time resident of Peñas Blancas ( Costa Rica). Mr. Cruz helped to operate Malaise traps on his property where three species of Eladio were discovered; the gender is neuter.

DISTRIBUTION: At present, we recognize six species of Eladio (including E. cruzi , new species, described below) from lowland rainforests in Costa Rica and Panama (CNCI, MIZA).

BIOLOGY: The host is unknown. However, judging from sculpture, pilosity and color of body we assume that members of Eladio are associated with ants. However, wing alectomy or occurrence of members in light trap was not observed.

Eladio cruzi , new species Figures 45, 46, 47

DESCRIPTION: Holotype, ♀: Length 2.2 mm; body entirely ferrugineous brown, metasoma past petiole darkest, legs, A1 to A7 and palpi yellowish brown, without flattened appressed whitish setae wings parchmentlike, with lighter transverse band below stigmal vein; head, mesosoma, legs and A1 entirely netlike reticulate, reticulations finer on tibia and tarsi, propleuron partly smooth, propodeum between plicae partly smooth, metasoma past petiole with fine dense punctures; body (including appendages) with scattered decumbent yellowish setae. HEAD. Head in dorsal view as long as wide (46:46), narrow­ er than mesosoma (46:55), frons in front of eye shorter than temple behind eye (12:15), eye as long as temple (15:15), posterior ocelli outside ocular zone; head in lateral view slightly higher than long (50:46), eye as long as postgena (15:15); postgenal cushion not developed; A1 to A7 without flattened appressed whitish setae; antennomeres in relative proportions (51:10), (10:7), (33:5.5), (15:5.5), (13:6), (12:6.5), (11:7.5), (12:9), (12:11), (12:11.5), (15:11.5), (15:10). ME­ SOSOMA. Mesosoma in relative proportions length:width:height (90:55:65); pronotum with minute cushion of yellowish hairs, propleuron with strip of foamy structures in upper half; mesoscutum length:width (38:40), anterior parallel lines rather long, weakly defined, parapsidal lines developed as narrow zone without sculpture; scutellar pit subtriangular, with tip pointed up; scutellar disc only moderately convex, median keel complete; mesopleuron with strong netlike reticulation similar to that on head and rest of mesosoma; dorsellum well developed; sculpture of metapleuron appears more rugulose than reticulation of mesopleuron; spatula of propodeal keel relatively narrow, in lateral view, tip of spatula not exceeding posterior margin of propodeum at meson, area between plica and median keel (below spatula) partly smooth, dorsum of posterolateral corners smooth; femora and tibia without appressed whitish setae. METASOMA. Petiole in relative proportions length/width (15:16), dorsally with longitudinal irregular keels; metasoma past petiole in relative proportions length/width/ height (80:52:36); syntergite with denser pilosity in lateral parts and generally in posterior third; following tergites equally hairy, S2 and following sternite with same pilosity as in dorsal side.

MALE: Allotype. Differs from female principally in following character states: body generally darker and sculpture finer; body with only fine nonspecialized hairs; foamy structures better developed on pronotum, propleuron and side of petiole; eye much larger than in female, distinctly longer than postgena (20:9), genal cushion replaced by small hairy spot; A3 and A4 with low carina on outer side; petiole clearly elongate, length:width (19:14); metasoma past petiole more elongate, relative proportions length: width:height (82:48:35); syntergite with finer sculpture and same pattern of pilosity as in female.

TYPE MATERIAL: 23♀, 33. Holotype, ♀ ( CNCI no. 22453), COSTA RICA, Alajuela, Peñas Blancas , September–October 1987, 700 m, primary rainforest, MT, E. Cruz . Paratypes, 4♀, with same data as holotype ; 1♀, October 1986; 1♀ same locality, July 7, 1987 ; 2♀, December 1987; 4♀, October 1987; 1♀, January 1–10, 1987; 3♀, February 1987; 3♀, May 1987; 1♀, March 1987; 1♀, Heredia, Pto. Viejo , February 1980, 50 m, rainforest, W. R. M. Mason ; 1♀, Puntarenas, Monteverde , August 1987, 1600 m, MT, D.M. Wood . Allotype, 3 ( CNCI), same data as holotype, June 9, 1987 ; 13 February 1987 ; 13, B. Carrillo N.P. 84°07̍W, 10°10̍N, April 10, 1985, 500 m, H. Goulet and L. Masner.

ETYMOLOGY: The species is named in hon­ or of Mr. Eladio Cruz , formerly of Peñas Blancas ( Costa Rica).

DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica.

BIOLOGY: Unknown.

VARIATION: The series of 21 females from Peñas Blancas ( Costa Rica) is morphologically very cohesive; single female from La Selva ( Costa Rica) is slightly smaller and lighter, with spatula of the median keel wider.

Hansona , new genus Figure 57

DIAGNOSIS (♀ 3): Medium­sized (around 2 mm) individuals; body predominantly reddish brown to yellowish brown, legs and antennae lighter, body partly to predominantly matte, with intense granular, reticulate, or coriaceous sculpture, with dense pilosity, sometimes with short flattened appressed setae, foamy structures absent; female antenna 11­ segmented, gradually incrassate toward apex, with massive 1­segmented clava (A11), clavomeres not flattened ventrally; A11 without ventral pit; male antenna 14­segmented, with dense nonwhorled pilosity, A4 not modified; head broadly subpentagonal, eyes remarkably large, strongly prominent, with raspberry­like ommatidia; ocelli large; anterior scutellar pit very large but shallow; plica of propodeum often strongly raised, arcuate, and pointed posteriorly.

DESCRIPTION (♀ 3): HEAD. Head in dorsal view broadly subpentagonal, wider than long; frons unarmed; antennal shelf well developed in front of toruli; female temple behind eye almost straight, strongly receding, male temple very short, rounded and receding; head in lateral view subglobose, antennal shelf moderately projecting; level of torulus at midpoint of eye; eye large, ovoid, distinctly higher than long, with large raspberry­like ommatidia; ocelli large; oral carina moderate, partly obscured by pilosity; postgena with distinct hairy cushion; occipital flange rudimentary, not steplike, not crenulate; head in frontal view wider than high, clypeus almost flat, epistomal sulcus not developed; labrum not exposed; tentorial pit not developed; mandible relatively small, bidentate, clasped; malar sulcus not developed; palpi short, palpal formula 4–2; hypostomal bridge moderately developed; female antenna 11­segmented, A1 long cylindrical, apical rim not excavate ventrally, rim not produced into flaps; clava nonabrupt, gradually incrassate toward apex, A11 forming massive 1­segmented clava, clavomeres not flattened ventrally, A11 without ventral pit. MESOSOMA. Mesosoma relatively short, about as wide as high, considerably flattened dorsally; prothorax in dorsal view with cervix well developed; pronotal shoulders not prominent; pronotum dorsally (behind cervix) and along anterior margin with hairy cushions or dense pilosity, side of pronotum almost flat, smooth, mostly glabrous; epomium not developed; propleuron in upper part with hairy cushion or dense pilosity; mesoscutum almost semicircular, glabrous or with scattered semierect hairs; parapsidal and anterior parallel lines absent; humeral and posthumeral sulci not developed; anterior scutellar pit large, transverse, shallow; scutellar disc flat, or only moderately convex, pillow­shaped, with weak lateral keels; axillar lateral and posterior scutellar pits not developed; posterior margin of axilla rounded, axillar depression very small; mesopleuron only slightly convex, smooth shining and glabrous, median oblique depression not developed; sternaulus not developed; posterior margin of mesopleuron smooth, noncrenulate; metanotum relatively narrow; dorsellum with three longitudinal keels; metapleuron densely hairy; propodeum relatively large; median keel distinctly cresting anteriorly; area between plica and median keel perfectly glabrous; plica of propodeum strongly raised, arcuate and sharply pointed posteriorly, area laterad of plica with dense strong pilosity; side of propodeum densely hairy; nucha moderately long; forewing relatively short, in female slightly surpassing tip of metasoma, longer in males, marginal cilia moderately long; submarginal vein considerably upcurved, strongly approximated to foremargin of wing; marginal vein moderately elongate, reaching basal third of wing length, stigmal vein short, no other veins developed; hind wing with submarginal vein indicated only near hamuli; legs relatively short and stubbed; apex of foretibia dorsally without specialized spine but only with minute point; hind tibia attenuate in basal twothirds, moderately clavate in posterior third. METASOMA. Metasoma short, pedunculate; petiole elongate, cylindrical, with several longitudinal carinae, densely covered with long dense pilosity; metasoma past petiole short, slightly longer than wide, sharply pointed apically in female, with apical tergites yellow; anterior margin of syntergite as narrow as petiole, not notched medially; anterior margin of S2 broad, remote from base of petiole, in female with distinct basal gland internally; apical sternite in female sharply triangular, subvomeriform.

TYPE SPECIES: Hansona pauli , new species (described below), by present designation.

RECOGNITION AND RELATIONSHIPS: Hansona appears related to a group of species in Leucopria with which it shares general habitus, structure of female antenna, and leucose­yellow glandular spot on apex of metasoma in females. It differs from Leucopria by round­shaped scutellum, strongly sculptured mesoscutum, in male by nonverticillate A3­A13. In the key, Hansona comes in the same couplet with Xanthopria ; the two gen­ era are only distantly related and differ principally by the absence ( Xanthopria ) or presence ( Hansona ) of marginal cilia in the forewing.

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is dedicat­ ed to Dr. Paul Hanson (Universidad de Costa Rica) for his valuable help over many years; the gender is feminine.

DISTRIBUTION: At present, several species are known to us from the lowland rainforests in Central America ( Costa Rica, Panama), Trinidad, and South America ( Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela).

BIOLOGY: Host is unknown, however, the structure of eyes, size of ocelli, the microsculpture and color of the body together with the presence of a distinct gland at the base of S2 indicate possible association with ants and nocturnal habits. Several specimens were caught in light traps.

Hansona pauli , new species Figure 57

DESCRIPTION: Holotype, ♀: Length 2 mm; body generally chestnut brown, head and metasoma darker, propodeum, and petiole light brown, tegulae, legs, and antennae yellowish brown; forewing almost clear, with longitudinal nebulous streak in course of M vein. HEAD. Head in dorsal view broadly subpentagonal, distinctly wider than long (51:40); ocelli in close isosceles triangle, POL equals LOL, OOL considerably larger than POL (14:3); temple as long as eye (15: 15), straight, strongly receding; head in lateral view only slightly higher than long (42: 40); eye distinctly higher than long (25:17), as long as postgena (17:17), eye height only slightly larger than malar space (17:15); head in frontal view with eye strongly bulging and cheek strongly converging, face entirely rugulose; antennal segments in relative proportions (32:8.5), (9.5:7.5), (10:6.5), (7:6.5), (7: 6.5), (7:7), (7:7), (7:9), (6:10.5), (6:11), (21: 14.5). MESOSOMA. Mesosoma in dorsal view longer than wide (85:58); mesoscutum slightly wider than long (46:31); anterior scutellar pit only slightly shorter than scutellar disc medially; propodeum laterad plica and petiole with long strong yellowish hairs; incrassate part of all femora distinctly flattened ventrally; inner side of hind tibia with single row of very long erect hairs; middle and hind basitarsi distinctly elongate, subequal to or longer than tarsomere 5. META­ SOMA. Petiole twice as long as wide (20: 10), with moderate flange anteriorly; syntergite slightly longer than wide (62:53), with scattered semidecumbent pilosity laterally and posteriorly, S2 smooth, medially with two ovoid patches of dense punctures.

MALE: Unknown. We examined 14 males from Panama (Barro Colorado, light trap), and 13 from Ecuador (Pichincha) that may be the opposite sex to the holotype. The males differ from the female principally by much larger eyes and smaller, rounded temples.

TYPE MATERIAL: 6♀. Holotype, ♀ ( CNCI no. 22456), COSTA RICA, Limon, 16 km W Guapiles , 400 m, October–November 1989, P. Hanson , MT. Paratypes, 1♀, COS­ TA RICA, Puntarenas, R.F. Golfo Dulce , 24 km W Piedras Blancas, 200 m, February 1992, P. Hanson , MT; 3♀, PANAMA, Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone , April 9 and 16, 1980, Henk Wolda (light trap) ; 1♀ Fort Clayton, Canal Zone , August 25, 1981, R. B. Kimsey (light trap) .

ETYMOLOGY: The species is dedicated to Dr. Paul Hanson (Universidad de Costa Rica), who collected the holotype specimen of the type species.

DISTRIBUTION: Costa Rica, Panama.

BIOLOGY: Unknown; all specimens were collected in lowland rainforest.

VARIATION: No variation encountered in females comprising the type series.

Labidopria Wasmann Figure 58

Figures

Figs. 45–52. 45, Eladio cruzi n.sp. female mesosoma, dorsal view; 46, E. cruzi female, leg; 47, E. cruzi female habitus, lateral view; 48, Entomacis sp. (Chile), female, forewing; 49, Entomacis sp. female habitus, dorsal view; 50, Entomacis sp. female habitus, lateral view; 51, Ecitovagus gibbus Masner, female habitus, dorsal view; 52, E. gibbus female habitus, lateral view.

Figs. 53–60. 53, Epomium cicatrix n. sp. female habitus, lateral view; 54, Ferrugenus chilensis n. sp. metasoma, dorsal view; 55a, Spilomicrus sp. A1–A2; 55b, Ferrugenus chilensis A1–A2; 56, Ferrugenus chilensis habitus, lateral view; 57, Hansona pauli n. sp. habitus, dorsal view; 58, Labidopria sp. habitus, dorsal view; 59, Idiotypa sp. habitus, dorsal view; 60, Idiotypa sp. habitus, lateral view.