Heteraphorura kaprusi Arbea, Yahyapour & Shayanmehr, 2020

Yahyapour, Eliye, Shayanmehr, Masoumeh, Vafaei-Shoushtari, Reza & Arbea, Javier I., 2020, A review of the Iranian species of the family Onychiuridae (Collembola Poduromorpha), with description of five new species from Hyrcanian Forests in Iran, Zootaxa 4861 (1), pp. 1-22 : 3-6

Heteraphorura kaprusi Arbea, Yahyapour & Shayanmehr sp. nov.

Figs 2–12 , Table 1

Type locality. Iran, Mazandaran Province, Sari county, Salardare forest , 28 m a.s.l. (36º32ʹ59ʺ N, 53º7ʹ31ʺ E) .

Type material. Holotype female, Mazandaran Province, Sari county, Salardare forest , soil and leaf litter, 29 April 2016, leg. Eliye Yahyapour. Paratypes:All specimens from same locality as holotype, 3 females . Holotype and 1 paratype deposited in MNCN, 2 paratypes in SANRU .

Other material: Iran, Mazandaran Province, Tonekabon county, Dohezar forest , 443 m a.s.l., (36º40ʹ21.7ʺ N, 50º49ʹ28.5ʺ E), soil and leaf litter, leg. Eliye Yahyapour, 10 November 2016, 1 male and 3 juveniles. Deposited in SANRU .

Etymology. The species is dedicated to our colleague Igor Kaprus’ who has greatly contributed to the knowledge of Iranian Onychiuridae .

Description. Color white. Body length without antennae: male 1.4 mm, females 1.3–1.7 mm (holotype—1.7 mm). Shape of body ( Figs 2–3 ) and granulation typical of genus. Usually with 8–10 granules around each pso ( Figs 11–12 ).

Antennae distinctly shorter than head (ratio 0.6–0.7). AIIIO consists of 5 conical papillae; 2 sensory rods; 2 spherical, finely granulated sensory clubs, and 5 guard chaetae ( Fig. 8 ). Ms on Ant. III located laterally, slightly below AIIIO. Ant. IV with about 14 blunt s-chaetae shorter and slightly thicker than dorsal macrochaetae, a subapical organite and ms located on level of second proximal row of chaetae ( Fig. 8 ). Ant. I–III with 9–10, 17–18, 15-16 chaetae respectively. Antennal base well marked.

PAO in long cuticular groove with 2 border chaetae (pbc), consisting of 18–20 granulated vesicles ( Fig. 6 ). Maxillary outer lobe with simple palp, basal chaeta and with two sublobal hairs. Labial palp of AC type. Labium with 7 proximal, 4 basomedian and 6 basolateral chaetae. Papillae A–E with 1, 4, 0, 3, 3 guard chaetae respectively. Labral formula of chaetae: 4/342 ( Fig. 10 ).

Pso formula dorsally: 20/011/11024, ventral pso absent. Localization of dorsal pso is presented in Figs 2–3 . Psx formula ventrally: 1/000/ 110101m. Subcoxae 1 of I–III legs with one psx each in posterior position. Femur of all legs with one psx on internal side.

Dorsal chaetotaxy usually symmetrical, ordinary chaetae well differentiated into macro-, meso- and microchaetae ( Figs 1 , 8 ). Dorsal cephalic chaeta d0 present. Th. I with 7–8+7–8 chaetae. Th. II and III with lateral ms each and 3+3 axial chaetae. Abd. I–III with 3+3 axial chaetae (m1 present). Sometimes chaetae m1 absent on Abd. III. Abd. IV with one (p0) or two (a0, p0) median chaetae. Abd. V with one (m0) or two (a0, m0) median chaetae. Abd. VI with three median chaetae a0, m0 and p0 ( Fig. 1 ). AS set closely together, rather strong, weakly curved, pointed, with distinct basal papillae, as long as claw.

Head ventrally with 4+4 postlabial chaetae along ventral groove. Pro-, meso- and metathorax without ventral cheatae. VT usually with 6–7+6–7 lateral chaetae, without chaetae at base. Chaetotaxy of Abd. I–VI sternites as in Fig. 4 . Trace of reduced furca in shape of small patch of fine granulation with four small dental chaetae posteriorly, arranged in more or less clear row (ma row chaetae); one manubrial row of chaetae, mp-row with 2–3+2–3 chaetae (external ones as macrochaetae) ( Figs 4–5 ). Genital plate with 16–20 chaetae in adult females and about 42 chaetae in male. MVO situated near anterior margin of Abd. IV sternite, above trace of reduced furca, consisting of about 28 thick, weakly curved chaetae, located closely together in elliptical integumentary pocket ( Fig. 5 ). Anal valves with numerous acuminate chaetae: each lateral valve with a0, 2a1; unpaired anal valve with chaetae a0, 2a1, 2a2, b0, 2b1, 2b2, 2b3, c0, 2c1, 2c2, five or seven of which (b0, b1, b2 and rarely b3) are thickened and curved upwards ( Fig. 7 ).

Legs: Subcoxae 1 of I–III legs with 4, 5–6, 5–6 chaetae, subcoxae 2 with 1, 3, 5, coxae with 4, 11, 13–14, trochanters with 11, 11–13, 11–13, femora with 18, 18–20, 18–20, tibiotarsi of legs I–III with 21–22(11+8+2-3), 21–22(11+8+2–3), 20(11+7+2) chaetae, respectively. Claws always with a pair of small lateral teeth and inner tooth ( Fig. 9 ). Empodial appendage without basal lamella 0.4–0.5 times as long as inner edge of claw ( Fig. 9 ).

Discussion. According to Arbea (2014) the new species belongs to the oriental species-group of the genus characterized by granulated vesicles in PAO. H. kaprusi sp. nov. is characterized by 4+4 pso on Abd. V. Whitin the genus only the Japanese H. japonica ( Yosii, 1967) can possesses 4+4 pso on Abd. V, but both species differ in dorsal chaetotaxy (see Table 1 ). The new species is the most similar to H. iranica Kaprus’, Shayanmehr & Kahrarian, 2017 (in: Kaprus’ et al. 2017) from Iran. Both species have similar dorsal chaetotaxy, the same number of pso on antennal base, and structure of PAO. The new species can be easily distinguished from H. iranica by the number of pso on Abd. V, the length of empodial appendage and some details in the chaetotaxy, eg in Th. II–III the p3 chaeta is a macrochaeta in H. iranica while it is a mesochaeta in the new species (see Table 1 ).

(*) Species inquirenda ( Yoshii 1996)

Figures

FIGURE 1. Map of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, showing the five localities where Onychiuridae species has been found. 1, Dohezar forest; 2, Filband forest; 3, Salardare forest; 4, Langar forest; 5, Dashte Naz forest.

FIGURES 2–6. Heteraphorura kaprusi sp. nov.: 2, head and Th. dorsal chaetotaxy; 3, Abd. dorsal chaetotaxy; 4, Abd. ventral chaetotaxy of a female; 5, Abd. ventral chaetotaxy of a male; 6, PAO. pbc—posterior border chaetae. Scales: 0.2 mm (2–5), 0.05 mm (6).

FIGURES 7–12. Heteraphorura kaprusi sp. nov.: 7, anal valves chaetotaxy; 8, Ant. III and IV; 9, tibiotarsus and claw III; 10, labrum; 11, pso and p1–p4 chaetae on Abd. II; 12, pso and p1–p4 chaetae on Abd. V. Scales: 0.1 mm (7), 0.05 mm (8–12).

Tables

TABLE 1. Comparison of the oriental species group of Heteraphorura with compound vesicles in PAO. m1—m1 chaetae on Abd. I-III; E/C—ratio empodial appendage length/ inner edge of the claw; PAO—number of vesicles on PAO; IT—unpaired inner tooth of claw; T2–3, A1–3, A4 and, A5—chaetae p1,p2,p3 on Th. II–III, Abd. I–III, Abd. IV and Abd. V, respectively; A6—axial chaetae on Abd. VI; – = absent; + = present; m = mesochaeta; M = Macrochaeta.

Species	Dorsal pso	m1	E/C	PAO	IT	T2-3	A1-3	A4	A5	A6	Length	Distribution
conjungens ( Börner, 1909) (*)	3?/011/11113	?	1/2	16–18	+	?	?	?	?	?	1.85	Japan & China
imadatei ( Yosii, 1956)	30/011/11023	–	1/2	20	+/–	mmm	mmM	mmM	m–M	a0,p0	1.8	Japan
japonica ( Yosii, 1967) sensu Yoshii (1996)	3(2)0/011/11023(4)	+/–	1/2	18	+/–	mmm	mmm	mmM	mmM	a0,m1,p0	1.5	Japan, Iran?
japonica kyotensis Yoshii, 1996	20/011/11023	?	?	?	?		?	?	?	?	2.2	Japan
conjungens ezoensis ( Uchida & Tamura, 1968)	30/011/11023	–	1/2	16-18	+	mmm	mmm	mmM	MmM	a0,p0	1.4	Japan
seolagensis ( Lee, 1974)	30/011/11023	–	1/2	20	+	mmM	mmM	mmM	mmM	a0,m1,p0	1.9	Korea
pseudoseolagensis ( Martynova, 1981)	20/011/11022	–	3/4	14–16	+	mmm	mmm	?	?	a0,p0	1.6	Russia: Primorye
longisetosa ( Lee & Park, 1986)	30/011/1101(0)2(1)	–	1/3	17	+/–	MmM	MmM	MmM	MmM	a0,p0	2.3	Korea
iranica H. iranica Kaprus’, Shayanmehr & Kahrarian, 2017	20/011/11023	+	0.6–0.65	17–25	+	mmM	mmM	mmM	m–M	a0,m0(m1),p0	1.2–2.3	Iran
kaprusi sp. nov.	20/011/11024	+	0.4–0.5	18-20	+	mmm	mmM	mmM	m–M	a0,m0,p0	1.3–1.7	Iran