Entheus pralina Evans, 1952

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2025, Advancing butterfly systematics through genomic analysis, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 12 (5), pp. 1-201 : 52

Entheus pralina Evans, 1952 is a species distinct from Entheus priassus ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Genomic analysis reveals that Entheus priassus pralina Evans, 1952 ( type locality in Brazil: Espirito Santo) is not sister to and genetically differentiated from Entheus priassus ( Linnaeus, 1758) ( type locality in Suriname) at the species level ( Figs. 31 , 50 ); e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 1.4% (9 bp). This is a comparatively large COI difference for Entheus , e.g., COI barcodes of E. priassus and Entheus curvus Austin, 1997 ( type locality in Peru: Loreto) differ by 0.6% (4 bp). Therefore, we propose that Entheus pralina Evans, 1952 , stat. nov. is a species distinct from Entheus priassus ( Linnaeus, 1758) .

Figures

Fig. 31. Phylogenetic trees of Entheus priassus group species constructed from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 1,580,949 positions, and b) the mitochondrial genome. Primary and secondary type specimens are labeled in red and blue, respectively. Branches of new taxa are shown in red, and those with subspecies-to-species status change in blue. Ultrafast bootstrap (Minh et al. 2013) values are shown at nodes. Clades of more recently proposed species are colored: E. latebrosus (green), E. aureanota (purple), and E. curvus (cyan). The clades corresponding to the three species discussed in the text in detail are numbered 1, 2, and 3 with a yellow highlight.

Fig. 50. Phylogenetic trees of Entheus inferred from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 3,486,282 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 279,462 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Ultrafast bootstrap (Minh et al. 2013) values are shown at nodes. Different species groups and subgroups are colored: eumelus group (olive), gentius group (blue), priassus group (cyan, with telemus and pralina subgroups in purple and red, respectively), warreni group (magenta), and matho group (green). New taxa proposed in this work are labeled in red, and those with taxonomic changes, such as subspecies-to-species or synonym-to-species status (changes indicated in brackets), are labeled in blue.