Alona cf. guttata
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2016.1208302 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0A2E4A30-0C9C-43E8-8E72-1DEDA6AFF3C3 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5671117 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D3F2356-7E7A-E231-CB3F-4CA099C95618 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Alona cf. guttata |
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( Figures 1 – 3 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 , 11 View Figure 11 )
Material examined
Bahia: One adult parthenogenetic female from a pond near Nova Viçosa, Bahia, Brazil (17°57 ʹ 34.9 ʺ S, 39°33 ʹ 22.1 ʺ W), material collected by Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 22 January 1991 (EL02212). Distrito Federal: Ten parthenogenetic females and one juvenile from Capetinga Stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°57 ʹ 40.6 ʺ S, 47°56 ʹ 36.7 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 14 August 2008 ( FDRS 0440; CLLA 137-145). Two adult females and one juvenile from Gansos pond, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°40 ʹ 33.1 ʺ S, 47°41 ʹ 37.4 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 2 May 2008 ( FDRS 0441; CLLA 135, 146). One adult parthenogenetic female from Cedro pond, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°53 ʹ 49.7 ʺ S, 47° 56 ʹ 36.6 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 19 September 2006 ( FDRS 0442). Two adult parthenogenetic females and two juveniles from Gama stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°56 ʹ 39.1 ʺ S, 47°56 ʹ 53.5 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 19 September 2008 ( FDRS 444; CLLA 134, 140, 144). One adult parthenogenetic female from Mestre D ’ armas stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°36 ʹ 23 ʺ S, 47°41 ʹ 28.2 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 25 April 2008 ( FDRS 0445). Eight adult parthenogenetic females from Sarandi stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°35 ʹ 42.3 ʺ S, 47°44 ʹ 45.2 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 5 September 2009 ( FDRS 0447). Eighty adult parthenogenetic females from São Bartolomeu River, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°40 ʹ 59.6 ʺ S, 47°39 ʹ 44.8 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 23 May 2008 and 26 August 2008 ( FDRS 0448). One adult parthenogenetic female from Preto River, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°33 ʹ 23.1 ʺ S, 47°17 ʹ 36.3 ʺ), material collected by GEEA on 22 March 2009 ( FDRS 0449). Five parthenogenetic females from Meio stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°41.931 ʹ S, 47°42.834 ʹ W), material collected by GEEA on 5 September 2009 ( FDRS 0451). Two adult parthenogenetic females from Pipiripau stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°33 ʹ 45.5 ʺ S, 47°30 ʹ 39.7 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 16 September 2008 and ( FDRS 0452) and 17 March 2009 ( FDRS 0455). Three adult parthenogenetic females from Sobradinho stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15° 38 ʹ 27 ʺ S, 47°46 ʹ 40 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 18 September 2009 ( FDRS 0453). Five adult parthenogenetic females from Bonita Pond, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°35 ʹ 22.4 ʺ S, 47°41 ʹ 49.0 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 27 May 2008 ( FDRS 0454). Five adult parthenogenetic females and one juvenile from Taquara Pond, Distrito Federal, Brazil, (15°38 ʹ 12.4 ʺ S, 47°31 ʹ 22.0 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 15 August 2006 ( FDRS 0457), 6 May 2008 ( FDRS 458) and 17 March 2009 ( FDRS 459). Four adult parthenogenetic females from Paranoá Lake, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°43 ʹ 47 ʺ S, 47°52 ʹ 58 ʺ W), material collected in August 2014 by Ciro Joko, Mariana Lessa and Elisângela Rangel ( FDRS 0401). Two adult parthenogenetic females and two juveniles from Gama stream, Distrito Federal, Brazil (15°56 ʹ 10.6 ʺ S, 47°56 ʹ 0 7.7 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA on 19 September 2008 ( FDRS 0357). Goiás: One adult parthenogenetic female from Cabocla II pond, Campo de Instrução de Formosa, Goiás, Brazil (15° 48 ʹ 21.00 ʺ S, 47°14 ʹ 0 9.20 ʺ W), material collected by GEEA in December 2009 ( CLLA 129). Mato Grosso do Sul: Two adult parthenogenetic females from Criminosa Lake (21° 40 ʹ 28.8 ʺ S, 57°53 ʹ 28.5 ʺ W), Porto Murtinho, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, material collected on 19 January 2010. Leg. Adriana Maria Güntzel ( FDRS 0446). Five adult parthenogenetic females from fish pond at Centro Laura Vicuña, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (20°31 ʹ 39 ʺ S, 54°39 ʹ 56 ʺ W), material collected by Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 6 August 2000 (EL0669). Minas Gerais: One adult parthenogenetic female from dam at the Private Reserve of Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brazil (20°5 ʹ 42.8 ʺ S, 43° 29 ʹ 17.0 ʺ W), material collected by Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 27 December 1992 ( FDRS 0460). Two adult parthenogenetic females from artificial pond at Alto Caparaó, Minas Gerais, Brazil (20°25 ʹ 47 ʺ S, 41°51 ʹ 57 ʺ W), material collected by Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 27 January 1991 (EL02258). Pará: One juvenile from Curua-Unã River, Amazonas, Brazil (2°59 ʹ 54.83 ʺ S, 54°27 ʹ 29.99 ʺ W), material collected on 5 July 1978 ( FDRS 0443). Leg Ciro Yoshio Joko. Rio Grande do Sul: One adult parthenogenetic female from fish pond at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (29°43 ʹ 21.87 ʺ S, 53°43 ʹ 42.86 ʺ W), material collected by Francisco Diogo R. Sousa and Marcelo M. Dallosto in July 2014 ( FDRS 0270). Rio de Janeiro: One adult parthenogenetic female from the hyporheic zone of the Tijuca River, Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°57 ʹ 13.08 ʺ S, 43°16 ʹ 55.45 ʺ W), material collected by Ricchardo Mugnai and André Senna in November 2012 ( FDRS 0382). Santa Catarina: One adult parthenogenetic female and two juveniles from Mapiju Farm, Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Santa Catarina, Brazil (27°41 ʹ 30 ʺ S, 48°46 ʹ 55 ʺ W), material collected by Gilberto Pereira Junior on 27 September 2001 (EL02119). São Paulo: Forty-two adult parthenogenetic females and five males from Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga – Hidrofitotério, São Paulo, Brazil (23°38 ʹ 19.7 ʺ S, 46°37 ʹ 16.5 ʺ W), material collected by Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro on 8 July 2010 (EL01903).
Diagnosis
Female. Maximum height at middle of body, body height/length ratio about 0.67, moderate lateral compression. Head with ocellus and eye of different size. Three main pores connected; posterior and anterior pores larger than median pore; PP about 0.3 – 0.5 IP; lateral head pores tiny. Labrum with posterior margin armed with two clusters of setulae; portion posterior to keel covered by minute setulae. Carapace with weak ornamentation, without longitudinal lines; ventral margin almost straight, with 32 – 35 plumose setae per valve not forming groups, posterior setae relatively long. Antennule about 1.7 times longer than wide. Antenna: antennal formula: spines 001/101, setae 113/003; seta on first segment of the exopod thin, not exceeding the length of branches of the antenna. Postabdomen short, about 2.4 times as long as wide; preanal angle evident, preanal margin longer than anal and postanal margin. Anal margin slightly concave, with 3 – 4 groups of denticles. Postanal margin with distal portion acute, truncated, 6 – 7 well-developed marginal denticles, each with several spinulae on the anterior margin. Postabdominal claw similar in length to the anal margin, with one group of short spinulae on the base; pecten armed with one row of inner and outer spinulae; outer row with spinulae of similar length; distal spinulae on inner row longer than others. Basal spine short and naked. Limb I with ODL seta thin, serrated in the distal part, accessory seta implanted near the base. IDL with three setae, seta 1 very short, setae 2 and 3 bisegmented and armed with setulae; setae (e) and (f) of second endite similar in length; first endite bearing two setae of similar lengths. Limb II with elongated exopod, one setulated seta present. Scrapers armed with fine spinulae; scrapers 6 – 8 markedly shorter than other scrapers. Limb III with seven setae on the exopod; second seta long, armed with short setulae, about 1.6 times longer than the first seta. Limb IV with six plumose setae on exopod 3 – 6; second seta armed with spinulae implanted unilaterally; first seta naked. Limb V with a deep incursion between lobes of exopod, armed with four setae; setae 3 – 4 similar in length; filter plate bearing three setae. Limb VI present.
Male. Smaller than female, body height/length ratio about 0.62. Head with a short rostrum; main head pores connected; posterior and anterior pores larger than median pore; PP about 0.2 IP. Carapace armed with 31 plumose setae; posterior setae relatively long. Antennule about 2 times as long as wide, with three rows of short setulae on antennular body; aesthetascs short and of different length; male seta about 2.75 times shorter than length of antennular body. Postabdomen conical, strongly narrowing distally; nine lateral fascicles present; gonopores opening ventrally, subapically to postabdominal claw. Postabdominal claw smaller and thicker than in female; one basal spine and a large setule present. Limb I with U-shaped copulatory hook; IDL with three setae; male seta similar in length to first seta of IDL.
Ephipial female. Unknown.
Description
Parthenogenetic females. Habitus ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 A – C, 11A). In lateral view the carapace is oval, maximum height at middle of body, body height/length ratio about 0.67. Moderate lateral compression. Dorsal margin convex. Dorsal keel absent.
Head ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 F, J). Ocellus and eye of different size. Head shield with maximum width behind the mandibular articulation, line of the posterior margin straight, slightly projected. Rostrum short, rounded, in lateral view projected towards ventral margin of carapace. Three main pores connected; posterior and anterior pores larger than median pore; PP about 0.3 – 0.5 IP; lateral head pores tiny, located at level between median and anterior pores, distance from midline slightly shorter than IP. Labrum ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 K – M, 11B). Of moderate size, anterior margin convex, with or without notch, posterior margin with two clusters of setulae; portion posterior to keel covered by minute setulae. In some individuals these setulae were not observed.
Carapace ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 A – C; E – F, 11A). Without longitudinal lines; weak hexagons might be observed in some individuals; ventral margin almost straight, with 32 – 35 plumose setae per valve not arranged in groups; posterior setae relatively long. Posterior margin armed with internal spinulae projected beyond the margin which not is arranged in groups at posteroventral corner; distalmost spinulae long.
Antennule ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 I). Not exceeding the length of rostrum, about 1.7 times longer than wide; three rows of setulae on the antennular body. Antennular sensory seta slender, about 1.3 times smaller than antennular body, inserted in two-thirds of the antennule length from its base. Nine aesthetascs of different length, all projecting beyond the tip of rostrum. None of the aesthetascs exceeds the length of the antennules.
Antenna ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 J). Two coxal setae of equal length. Basal segment thick, armed with a short spine distally. Antennal formula: spines 001/101, setae 113/003. Seta on first segment of exopod thin, not exceeding the length of branches of antenna. Seta on second segment of exopod bisegmented, long. Spine on first segment of endopod short, sometimes reaching but not exceeding the distal end of second segment. Apical spines of the endopod and exopod slightly longer than the apical segments of antenna. Apical setae bisegmented and setulated. All segments have short spinulae at the terminal portion.
Abdomen slightly shorter than thorax.Two or three rows of abdominal setae.
Postabdomen ( Figures 2 View Figure 2 A – B, D – J, 11C). Relatively short, about 2.4 times as long as wide, ventral margin straight, with two rows of spinulae. Preanal angle evident; preanal margin longer than anal and postanal margin. Anal margin slightly concave, with 3 – 4 groups of spinulae; distalmost group armed with many spinulae. Postanal margin straight, truncated, with a prominent distal angle. Five to six lateral fascicles armed with thin setulae; first to second fascicles exceeding the postabdomen margin. Six to seven well-developed merged marginal denticles increasing in length towards the distal portion; each denticle bears spinulae on anterior margin. Postabdominal seta ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 A – B). About 2 times shorter than postabdomen length. Postabdominal claw ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 C). Implanted at the projected short basis from the postabdomen, similar in length to the anal margin, uniformly curved, with one group of short spinulae on base; pecten armed with one row of inner and outer spinulae; outer row with spinulae of similar length; distal spinulae on inner row longer than others. Basal spine ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 A, C) short, of similar length to the width of base of claw, without spinulae or setulae.
Mandibles not studied. Maxilla ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 A) relatively thin, with two setulated setae. Six pairs of limbs.
Limb I ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 B – C). Epipod oval with a long projection. Accessory seta implanted near base of ODL, which has a thin seta, slightly serrated at the distal part, shorter than length of IDL setae; IDL (en4) with two groups of spinulae on its face and three setae: seta 1 very short, setae 2 and 3 bisegmented and armed with setulae. Endite 3 with four setae; posterior setae (a – b) of similar length to anterior seta 1. Endite 2 with one row of spinulae; three posterior setae present (d – f), seta (f) slightly longer than seta (e), both setae have thick spinulae on the lateral face; seta (d) setulated and exceeding the midlength of seta (e). First endite with two posterior setae, bisegmented and densely setulated from to distal part, setae (g – h) of similar length. Ejector hooks of different lengths and armed with short spinulae. Ventral face of the limb with seven groups of setulae organised in clusters, decreasing in length towards the distal portion. Gnathobase elongated, apex armed with short setulae.
Limb II ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 D). Exopod elongated, with a row of setulae, one seta setulated at distal portion present. Inner limb portion armed with eight scrapers gradually decreasing in length towards the gnathobase; scrapers armed with fine spinulae; scrapers 6 – 8 markedly shorter than the others. Proximal portion of gnathobase short, apex armed with short setulae; distal portion armed with four elements, first as a short sensillum, second as element with distal portion obtuse or slightly geniculated, third element armed with denticles, fourth element short and obtuse. Filter comb with seven setae; first seta short and densely setulated; other setae long and slightly setulated (setulae not showed on the figures).
Limb III ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 E – G). Epipod with short projection. Exopod subquadrangular, with five distal and two lateral setae. Seventh seta setulated and longer than sixth seta; sixth seta setulated. Fifth seta long, setulated, about 1.5 times longer than the second seta. Fourth seta relatively long, setulated, about 2 times longer than third seta. First seta long, armed with short setulae, about 1.6 times longer than the second seta. Second seta naked. Distal endite with three setae (1 – 3), two scraper-like setae of different lengths (1 – 2); third seta curved and armed with many setulae bilaterally implanted (3); four plumose posterior setae similar in length. Basal endite with four soft anterior setae slightly increasing in length towards the gnathobase. Gnathobase armed with three elements, the first being a cylindrical sensillum, the second a geniculated seta and third element with tip acute, naked. Filter comb with seven setae.
Limb IV ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 H – I). Pre-epipod round and densely setulated. Epipod oval with a long projection. Exopod subquadrangular with six marginal setae and a group of the setulae implanted near base of fourth seta; setae 3 – 6 plumose; setae 5 – 6 of similar lengths; fourth seta longer than all others; third seta short, about 2 times shorter than second seta; second seta armed with spinulae implanted unilaterally; first seta naked, longer than mid-length of second seta. Distal endite with four setae (1 – 4), one scraper-like (1), three flaming torch-like (3 – 4); the first flaming torch relatively robust, with long setulae (2). Basal endite with three soft setae slightly setulated and of similar lengths. Gnathobase armed with one bottle-shaped sensillum and one setulated seta implanted on a robust base. Filter plate with five setae.
Limb V ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 J). Pre-epipod oval and densely setulated, epipod with long projection. Exopod divided into two lobes, incursion between lobes deep; four plumose setae present; setae 3 – 4 similar in lengths, about 1.2 times longer than seta 2; first seta about 1.4 times shorter than seta 2. Internal lobe wide, oval and with long setulae; two setulated setae on the inner face of the lobe, first seta of similar length to lobe. Filter plate armed with three setae.
Limb VI ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 K). An elongated lobe, about 1.3 times longer than width of lobe; apical margin of the lobe with long setulae.
Male. Habitus ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 N): Smaller than female, body height/length ratio about 0.67. Body elongated, moderate lateral compression, body arched as in female.
Head ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 N, H). Rostrum short, ocellus and eye of different sizes. Three main pores connected; posterior and anterior pores larger than median pore; PP about 0.2 IP; lateral head pores tiny, located at level between median and anterior pores. Labrum ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 O). As described for females.
Carapace ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 N). Punctuated ornamentations, without longitudinal lines; ventral margin armed with 31 plumose setae; posterior setae relatively long.
Antennules ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 P). Not exceeding the tip of rostrum, about 2 times as long as wide, with three rows of short setulae on antennular body. Aesthetascs short and of different lengths; aesthetascs not exceeding the length of antennules. Sensory seta about 1.8 times shorter than antennular body. Male seta thick, about 2.75 times shorter than length of antennular body, inserted near apex of antenullar body.
Antenna as described for females.
Postabdomen ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 K – M). Similar in length to that of female, conical, strongly narrowing distally; anal margin longer than postanal margin, angles not defined; marginal clusters of spinulae present; nine lateral fascicles not exceeding the margin line; anal margin with spinulae differentiated into 2 – 3 groups; gonopores opening ventrally, subapically to postabdominal claw. Postabdominal claw smaller and thicker than in female, tip acute; pecten armed with one row of inner and outer spinulae; outer row with spinulae of similar length; distal spinulae on inner row longer than others. One basal spine and a large proximal setule present.
Limb I ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 L). Of similar size to that of the female, copulatory hook U-shaped, arms of different lengths; projections on tip present. Copulatory brush seta not studied; ODL with a long seta, accessory seta short. IDL (en4) with three setae, of which one is a male seta; male seta similar in length to seta (2) of IDL.
Ephipial female. Unknown.
Size. The length of adult parthenogenetic females was 0.28 – 0.35 mm. In juvenile females, the length was 0.23 – 0.26 mm. The length of adult males was 0.25 – 0.26 mm.
Remarks. We observed high variation in the shape of the labrum ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 K – M, 11A). In this structure, minute setulae on the posterior portion are present, as in A. barbulata (see Megard 1967). The shape of the postabdomen was also variable ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 D – J). To differentiate parthenogenetic females of Alona cf. guttata from A. guttata senso stricto, A. werestschangni and A. barbulata is not a simple task because the morphology of the limbs is very similar (see Megard 1967; Alonso 1996; Sinev 1999b). However, the morphology of adult males can be used to differentiate them: Alona cf. guttata is distinguished from other species of the guttata -group because it has one basal spine and a long setule on the postabdominal claw of males ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 K – M). In A. guttata senso stricto, the males have one very short basal spine ( Alonso 1996; Sinev 1999b; Flössner 2000). Alona barbulata has groups of short spinulae instead of basal spine (small patch of cilia in Megard 1967). The basal spine in males of A. werestschangni is absent and the postabdomen is long and very narrow ( Sinev 1999b).
Geographical distribution. Alona cf. guttata seems to have a wide distribution in Brazil (see material examined).
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