Palhinhaea

Øllgaard, Benjamin, Kessler, Michael & Smith, Alan R., 2018, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. II. Lycopodiaceae, Phytotaxa 334 (3), pp. 255-294 : 263

Key to the Bolivian species of Palhinhaea

1 Aerial dendroid branch systems usually indeterminate, to 4 m long, scandent to climbing; main axes robust; leaves of main axes coriaceous, apically flattened, usually strongly upward curved and hook-shaped, with hairy leaf bases.................... P. glaucescens

- Aerial dendroid branch systems usually determinate, erect, not scandent or climbing; leaves of main axes herbaceous to subcoriaceous, acicular to apically flattened, sigmoid to upward curved, or reflexed .................................................................................... 2

2 Lateral branchlet systems of aerial dendroid shoots strongly recurved to long pendulous, strobili 3–5 mm in diameter ................. 3

- Lateral branchlet systems of aerial dendroid shoots ascending or spreading to horizontal and distally nodding, strobili 2.5–3 mm in diameter .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Main stems of aerial dendroid shoots hairy; branchlets slender, 3–4 mm in diameter including leaves, long-pendulous, to 40 cm long, sparsely branched, usually parallel............................................................................................................................ P. lugubris

- Main stems of aerial dendroid shoots glabrous; branchlets thick, usually 5–6 mm in diameter including leaves, arched to shortpendulous, usually 5–15 cm long, usually somewhat divergent ..................................................................................... P. pendulina

4 Lateral branchlet systems of aerial dendroid shoots stiffly ascending or suberect, often densely aggregated, not recurved, only the strobilus-bearing branchlets sharply reflexed at the tip or only the strobili reflexed..................................................... P. camporum

- Lateral branchlet systems of aerial dendroid shoots divaricate to somewhat aggregate, patent to horizontal, usually with gently recurved tips; strobilus-bearing branchlets softly nodding at tip ....................................................................................................... 5

5 Aerial branchlet systems erect, usually to 1 m tall, their main axes glabrous or slightly hairy, with patent-ascending, often sigmoid leaves; branchlet leaves terete (angular when dried), with smooth margins; leaf bases glabrous or slightly hairy............. P. cernua

- Aerial branch systems rigidly erect, to at least 1.5 m tall, their main axes densely hairy, with densely crowded and sharply reflexed, leaves; branchlet leaves flattened, often with dentate margins, with hairy leaf bases ................................................... P. reflexifolia