Synotaxidae Simon, 1894

Ramírez, Martín J., Magalhaes, Ivan L. F., Pizarro-Araya, Jaime, Ballarin, Francesco, Marusik, Yuri M. & Eskov, Kirill Yu., 2022, A new species of the spider genus Tekellina Levi, 1957 from Chile, with a broadened definition of the family Synotaxidae (Arachnida, Araneae), Zoologischer Anzeiger 301, pp. 76-90 : 81

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.08.005
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14293279
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D1FBE77-FFD2-B237-FCB6-FC4BFC3E208F
treatment provided by	Felipe (2023-12-14 08:47:03, last updated 2024-12-07 10:48:44)
scientific name	Synotaxidae Simon, 1894
status

Treatment

Synotaxidae Simon, 1894 View in CoL

Synotaxeae Simon 1894: 494 (type genus Synotaxus Simon 1894 ).

Synotaxidae, Forster et al., 1990 .

Synotaxidae, Dimitrov et al., 2017: 241 . Relimited to include only Synotaxus .

Remarks: Herein we expand the boundaries of the family on the base of the results of our molecular analysis. Consequently, we include in Synotaxidae the genera Gaucelmus , Hamus , Nescina , Synotaxus , and Tekellina .

Revised diagnosis: Synotaxidae is similar to Physoglenidae by having an integral conductor and a depressed area on the retrolateral margin of the cymbium, but such depression is wide in Synotaxidae ( Figs. 9D View Fig and 12C View Fig , Ballarin and Li 2015: Figs. 1D View Fig , 3D View Fig ), and a narrow furrow in Physoglenidae . Physoglenids can be further distinguished by having a dorsally excavated paracymbium ( Fig. 12E View Fig , Forster et al., 1990:

Figs. 62, 155, 161, 301, 338). Some Synotaxidae are similar to Nesticidae by having a projected paracymbium, but nesticids can be distinguished by the more complex paracymbium with several projections extending forward.

References

Ballarin, F., Li, S. Q., 2015. Three new genera of the family Nesticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Tibet and Yunnan, China. Zool. Syst. 40, 179 - 190.

Dimitrov, D., Benavides, L. R., Arnedo, M. A., Giribet, G., Griswold, C. E., Scharff, N., Hormiga, G., 2017. Rounding up the usual suspects: a standard target-gene approach for resolving the interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of ecribellate orb-weaving spiders with a new family-rank classification (Araneae, Araneoidea). Cladistics 33, 221 - 250.

Forster, R. R., Platnick, N. I., Coddington, J. A., 1990. A proposal and review of the spider family Synotaxidae (Araneae, Araneoidea), with notes on theridiid interrelationships. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 193, 1 - 116.

Figures

Fig. 9. Tekellina araucana sp. n., male palp. A, right palp (image flipped to show as left palp), retrolateral view; B, ventral; C, prolateral; D, dorsal; E, apical. F, left palp partially expanded (Abbreviations: Cp prolateral arm of conductor, Cp* end of prolateral arm of conductor, Cr retrolateral arm of conductor, Cv ventral arm of conductor, E embolus, Pc paracymbium, Pcd depression behind paracymbium, T tegulum, Tb trichobothria, TO tarsal organ.)

Fig. 12. Male palps of araneoids. A, Tekellina sadamotoi Yoshida & Ogata 2016, right palp, partially expanded, retrolateral view; B, same, left palp. C, Synotaxus turbinatus Simon 1895, left palp, retrolateral view. D, same, ventral view. E, Physoglenes sp., left palp, retrolateral view. F, same, ventral view (Abbreviations: Cp prolateral arm of conductor, Cr retrolateral arm of conductor, Cs conductor stem, Cv ventral arm of conductor, E embolus, Pc paracymbium, Pcd depression behind paracymbium, T tegulum, Tb trichobothria.) Images C–D from Fernando´Alvarez Padilla and Charles Griswold.

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of araneoid spiders and relationships of Tekellina. A, combined analysis of eight target markers (12s, 16s, 18s, 28s, co1, H3, wnt, act) and transcriptomic data. B, detail of the analysis of marker co1. C, detail of the analysis of marker 16S. D, detail of the analysis of the eight target DNA markers combined, without transcriptomic data. E, detail of the analysis as in D, but without three Tekellina terminals that had only co1 data. Branch lengths are scaled in relation to the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap support values are summarized as symbols on branches (See Figs. S1–S7, S12 for complete trees for each dataset.).

Fig. 3. Female Tekellina araucana sp. n. A, ventral view. B, prosoma, lateral view. C, chelicerae and mouth parts, anterior view. D, prosoma, anterior view.