Trichinella spiralis

Malone, Cody J., Oksanen, Antti, Mukaratirwa, Samson, Sharma, Rajnish & Jenkins, Emily, 2024, From wildlife to humans: The global distribution of Trichinella species and genotypes in wildlife and wildlife-associated human trichinellosis, International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 24, pp. 100934-100934 : 100934-

3.1. Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis was first described by Richard Owen in 1835 in London, England ( Owen, 1835). Trichinella spiralis has a cosmopolitan distribution and is most often associated with farm ecosystems. It readily infects swine and rats, unlike most sylvatic encapsulating species ( Kapel and Gamble, 2000; Malakauskas et al., 2001; Pozio et al., 1992b). It appears that T. spiralis originated in Asia, with the European clade separating prior to the domestication of the pig, probably with the separation of the European and Asian clades of wild boar (Thompson et al., 2021). Thus, it has historically relied on a sylvatic cycle, probably involving wild boars (Thompson et al., 2021). Trichinella spiralis is considered a freeze-susceptible species, but limited freeze tolerance has been shown in horse tissue, – 18 ◦ C for 4 weeks, and at – 6.6 ◦ C for 106 h in pig tissue ( Hill et al., 2007, 2009).

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