Hylomyrma balzani ( Emery, 1894 )

Ulysséa, Mônica Antunes, 2021, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical ant genus Hylomyrma Forel, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), with the description of fourteen new species, Zootaxa 5055 (1), pp. 1-137 : 22-26

Hylomyrma balzani ( Emery, 1894)

Figures 21 , 22 , 23 , 80E, 80J , 81A , 82A , 84 (map)

Tetramorium balzani Emery, 1894: 165 (W). Lectotype (here designated): PARAGUAY: Balzan [leg.] (1 W) ( CASENT0904862 ) [ MSNG] [examined]. Combination in Lundella: Emery, 1915: 191 ; in Hylomyrma: Brown, 1953: 3 .

Lundella speciosa Borgmeier, 1937: 241 (W). Lectotype (here designated): [ BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro]: Itatiaya , J.F. Zikán [leg.] (1 W) ( MZSP 67307 ) [ MZSP] [examined] . Paralectotypes: same data as lectotype (2 W) ( MZSP 67308 ) [ MZSP] [examined]. Synonymy by Kempf, 1960: 434 .

Diagnosis. Regular and longitudinal striae on head dorsum diverge towards posterior margin; rugose striae on mesosoma and petiole; dorsal margin of petiole discontinuous; ventral surface of node transversely striate; anterior region of node higher than posterior region; profemur posterior surface smooth; striae on protibia extensor surface weakly marked; striation on tergum of first gastral segment restricted to base; branched setae of two types: 1) thin setae, main axis branching off 2–4 times, short branches of equal size; 2) thick setae, main axis flattened in its final half, with several branches.

Redescription. WORKER (n=16) ( Fig. 21A–C ): HL 1 (0.88–1.08); HW 0.94 (0.81–1.02); ML 0.56 (0.56–0.66); SL 0.64 (0.58–0.76); MOD 0.26 (0.23–0.26); PNW 0.64 (0.55–0.72); WL 1.20 (1.10–1.39); PSL 0.18 (0.16–0.32); PL 0.57 (0.51–0.60); PW 0.26 (0.20–0.26); PPL 0.33 (0.28–0.34); PPW 0.35 (0.30–0.37); GL 1 (0.94–1.20); TL 4.66 (4.27–5.23); CI 94 (90.72–95.91); SI 68.08 (68.08–74.74); OI 27.66 (25–28.40). Small to midsized. Shiny integument. Mesosoma and petiole dark brown; head and postpetiole light brown; yellowish or brownish appendices. Branched setae, midsized to short, suberect to subdecumbent; branched setae of two types: 1) thin setae, main axis branching off 2–4 times, short branches of equal size ( Fig. 80E ); 2) thick setae, main axis flattened in its final half, with several branches, mainly in the postpetiole and gaster ( Fig. 80J ).

Head subquadrate; posterior margin straight. Mandible masticatory margin with 5 teeth. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly convex medially, with a pair of small teeth laterally; median area of clypeus with 8–9 regular to irregular, longitudinal and thick striae converging to a point on the anterior margin, interspaces smooth or with thinner striation. Frontal triangle with 1 sagittal stria. Short scape, not reaching head posterior margin; apical antennomere as long as previous 3 antennomeres together. Frontal carina slightly concave posterior to antennal socket. Eye reniform, midsized, larger diameter with 12 ommatidia. Regular and longitudinal striae on head dorsum, divergent towards posterior margin; interval between thicker striae filled with thinner longitudinal and few transverse striae. Head lateral region with thin, regular and adjacent striae converging to eye margin; laterodorsal region rugose; gena striate, 2–3 regular and semicircular striae circumscribe the torulus, not reaching eye margin. Interspaces between striae on head ventral surface distinguishable.

Mesosoma covered with rugose striae of uniform thickness, interspaces smooth. Promesonotal junction and metanotal groove indistinct. Transverse carina indistinct to inconspicuous. Dorsal margin of mesosoma continuous, convex. Propodeal lobe bidentate, dorsal tooth slightly longer and acute than the shorter and blunt ventral tooth; dorsal tooth length is slightly longer than 1 / 2 of propodeal spine length. Propodeal spine midsized, straight (LV), divergent (DV), sculptured on base. Transverse striae of uniform thickness on procoxa; irregular and transverse striae on C2 and C3. Profemur smooth. Protibia extensor surface entirely striate.

Dorsal margin of petiole discontinuous. Subtriangular projection on mesoventral surface of petiole. Node with transverse striae on ventral and anterior surfaces, interspaces distinguishable; rugose striae on lateral and dorsal surfaces, interspaces smooth. Postpetiole and subpostpetiolar process with regular, longitudinal, weakly marked striae or smooth; subpostpetiolar process weak, convex.

First gastral segment striation similar to postpetiole striae; striae on tergum shorter than 1 / 3 of postpetiole length; sternite striation restricted to laterobasal region.

QUEEN (n=5) ( Fig. 22A–C ): HL 1 (0.96–1.08); HW 0.96 (0.93–1.01); ML 0.58 (0.58–0.66); SL 0.64 (0.64–0.70); MOD 0.26 (0.26–0.28); PNW 0.80 (0.76–0.88); WL 1.38 (1.32–1.48); PSL 0.24 (0.20–0.32); PL 0.58 (0.58–0.66); PW 0.28 (0.26–0.30); PPL 0.32 (0.32–0.38); PPW 0.40 (0.36–0.41); GL 1.24 (1.24–1.38); TL 5.10 (5.10–5.56); CI 96 (92.45–96.87); SI 66.66 (66.66–71.42); OI 27.08 (26–28.57). Medium to large-sized. Color, pilosity, and some sculpture characters shared with conspecific workers, only slightly larger. Larger diameter of eye with 13–14 ommatidia. Scutum longitudinally striate, regular to irregular striae going from an anterior central point towards transcutal suture, interspaces distinguishable. Longitudinal striation mostly regular striae on anepisternum and katepisternum, interspaces distinguishable. Longitudinal striation mostly irregular on axilla, interspaces distinguishable. Scutoscutellar sulcus inconspicuous. Scutellum with same sculpture of scutum. Transverse striae on propodeum (DV). Lateral surface of mesosoma with vermicular striae directed to propodeal spine. Wings as in Fig. 81A.

MALE (first description) (n=2) ( Fig. 23A–C ): HL (0.73–0.74); HW (0.64–0.65); ML (0.40–0.42); SL (0.22– 0.24); MOD (0.30); PNW (0.74–0.78); WL (1.24); PL (0.54–0.56); PW (0.22–0.23); PPL (0.30–0.31); PPW (0.30– 0.32); GL (1.04–1.22); TL (4.26–4.48); CI (86.48–89.04); SI (34.37–36.92); OI (46.15–46.87). Brownish body, darker gaster, lighter appendices. Mandible with 4 teeth. Anepisternum and katepisternum mostly with longitudinal striae. Scutellum with irregular to slightly vermicular striae, thicker than scutum striae, interspaces distinguishable. Propodeum with irregular striae assuming multiple directions, interspaces distinguishable. Propodeal lobe rounded. Petiole dorsum partly smooth and partly covered with irregular striae assuming multiple directions, interspaces distinguishable. Postpetiole mostly smooth. Gaster smooth. Wings as in Fig. 82A .

Etymology. This species was named in honor of Luigi Balzan (1865–1893), an Italian naturalist and professor at National Institute, Asuncion, Paraguay, who collected the type specimen.

Comments. Emery (1894) only described the worker of Tetramorium balzani . While visiting MSNG, we found a worker and queen pinned together and labeled “typus”. The original description gives a worker size range, but there were no other workers in the collection, and Emery may have mistakenly included the queen in the measurements or the other worker(s) from this series is missing. We designate the worker as lectotype.

Borgmeier’s (1937) original description of Lundella speciosa makes reference to the similarity between L. speciosa (RJ, Brazil) and L. balzani ( Argentina, Paraguay). Lundella speciosa was separated from L. balzani by the larger body (vs. smaller), bicolored integument—blackish mesosoma, light-brown appendices (vs. brownish), and longer propodeal spine (vs. shorter). Brown (1953) synonymized Lundella under Hylomyrma , and Kempf (1960) considered Hylomyrma balzani as a senior synonym of H. speciosa based on the study of more than 100 specimens (workers and queens) from Argentina, Brazil (PR, RJ, RS, and SC), and Paraguay. According to Kempf (1960), the range of morphological variation observed in H. balzani specimens from the south and southeast regions of Brazil included body measures, propodeal spine length, and the bicolored integument of H. speciosa .

The lectotype of H. balzani is concolorous, the propodeal spine is short, there is microsculpture associated with the macrosculpture (rugose striae) laterally on the mesosoma, and the postpetiolar dorsum and base of tergum IV have longitudinal striae. The lectotype of L. speciosa is bicolored, the propodeal spines are longer, there is no microsculpture, and both the postpetiole and tergite IV are smooth. The material gathered for this research, especially specimens from Brazil (BA, CE, RJ, and SP), shows that some characteristics used by Emery and Borgmeier to define these two species can be observed in a single specimen. Thus, we corroborate the synonym proposed by Kempf (1960). The rugose striae characteristic of many H. balzani are weaker in some specimens from different localities in Brazil (Itambé Leoncio, Ibirapitanga, Lauro de Freitas, Lomanto Júnior, Maracás, Mata de São João, Milagres, São João do Paraíso, and Gurupá Mirim, BA; Sooretama, ES; Recife, PE; Itatiaia, RJ; Xaxim, SC; and Areia Branca, and São Cristóvão, SE). Moreover, the sculpture of the propodeal dorsum of these specimens is subopaque and slightly marked, and the sculpture of the petiolar node dorsum can show regular striae forming semi-ellipses. Consequently, these specimens partly resemble H. reitteri , which presents regular to irregular striae that are longitudinal on the mesosomal dorsum and that are transverse on the propodeal dorsum.

Hylomyrma balzani and H. reitteri have broad distributions ( Figs. 84 , 85 ), occurring sympatrically in Paraguay (Alto Paraná department) and in many localities of Brazil. Both species have been recorded in the same fauna inventory, but in different samples (Santa Teresa, ES; Lavras, and Viçosa, MG; Estrada Velha Guaricana, Irati, Laranjeiras, Morretes, Rondon, and Tuneiras do Oeste, PR; Rio de Janeiro, and Teresópolis, RJ; Nova Petrópolis, and 5km N of Progresso, RS; Nova Teutônia, and Seara, SC; Botucatu, and Jundiaí, SP, Brazil). Both species were also found in the same sample in Santa Teresa, ES (Winkler 24), Chapecó (Coll. Kempf n°2655, Coll. Borgm. Nr. 6501) and Nova Teutônia (13628, 6869), SC, and Frederico Westphalen, RS (5546). Hylomyrma balzani can be distinguished from H. reitteri (characteristic in parentheses) by the rugose striae on the mesosoma (vs. regular to irregular striae), the rugose striae on the petiole (vs. irregular striae), and the ventral surface of petiole with transverse striae (vs. smooth surface). The winged queens of both species are very similar, differing only in the laterodorsal sculpture of the propodeum. In Hylomyrma balzani this region presents rugose striae, whereas H. reitteri has regular to irregular striae in this region.

Specimens of H. lopesi have been identified as H. balzani , especially due to the similarity of the sculpture on gena, petiole and postpetiole, and the similar shape of the petiole and postpetiole. But both species can be distinguished by the rugose striae on the mesosoma of H. balzani and the regular striae on the mesosoma of H. lopesi . The distribution of these species cover a broad area in Brazil, both co-occurring in Botucatu (SP) and Milagres (BA). Hylomyrma balzani is more restricted to eastern portions of Brazil, from northeast to southern regions ( Fig. 84 ), whereas H. lopesi is distributed mainly in the center of Brazil from northern (state of Pará) to southern (state of São Paulo) regions ( Fig. 89 ).

Hylomyrma balzani is similar to H. primavesi , a species known only from higher elevations in Serra do Cipó, MG, Brazil ( Fig. 88 ). Hylomyrma balzani can be distinguished from H. primavesi by the smaller body, TL 4.27– 5.23 mm, WL 1.10–1.39 mm (vs. larger, TL 5.32–5.78 mm, WL 1.34–1.48 mm); and the indistinct promesonotal junction and metanotal groove (vs. both distinct).

There is considerable variation among H. balzani specimens, mainly because of the presence of intercastes. Out of the 11 Hylomyrma species with intercastes, H. balzani , H. lopesi , and H. reitteri present the larger phenotypic plasticity associated with head and mesosoma modifications. Intercastes with one inconspicuous central ocellus usually have two darker regions on the head similar to the ocelli location of winged queens. Intercastes with a more conspicuous central ocellus may also have these two darker regions on the head; they also have the metanotal groove distinguished by a slight to well-marked depression. In intercastes with three ocelli, gradual changes in the mesosoma are observed. The 3-ocelli intercaste from Vargito, BA, Brazil, bears also a slight differentiation of the mesonotum in scutellum and prescutellum, and of the metanotum. The specimens from Maranguape, CE, Brazil, in addition to the characteristics described above, present the promesonotal suture (specimens W49, Mg50W), and also the insertion wing region in the mesosoma, as observed in winged queens (specimen P1).

Distribution. Hylomyrma balzani is known from northern Argentina (Misiones province) to northeastern Brazil, also occurring in Paraguay ( Fig. 84 ).

Natural history. There is no information on the collection method or in which phytophysiognomy most known specimens were sampled. Specimens from Brazil inhabit Atlantic forest areas and forested enclaves in the Central-West region (in Serra da Bodoquena, MS). Most specimens were collected with winkler extractors, and a few were sampled with pitfall traps, honey baits, and Berlese-Tüllgren funnels. Apart from the presence of intercastes, and possibly ergatoids (a few intercastes have more queen-like traits), there is no further information available regarding the biology of H. balzani .

Additional material examined (278 workers, 39 queens, 2 males, 30 intercastes): ARG[ ARGENTINA]: Misiones: Est. Exp. Loreto , 10.v.1932, Dr. A.A. Oglobin [leg.], #1957 (1I 1Q) [ MZSP] ; same data, Sammlung[collection] Dr. F. Santschi Kairouan (1I) [ NHMB] ; same except 30.vi.1932, Sammlung[collection] Dr. F. Santschi Kairouan, #1973 (1I) [ NHMB]. BR[ BRAZIL]: AL[Alagoas]: Quebrangulo, 31.viii.99, 0919S, 3628W, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.] (3W) [ MZSP] ; same data, 1283 (3W 1Q) ( MZSP67322 ) [ MZSP] ; Res. Pedra Talhada , 05.viii.99,Col. D.S.Santos,637(3W1Q)[ CEPLAC] ; Murici, ESEC Murici, ICMBio , 09°14′57.04″S, 35°47′28.88″W, 23.ix.2014, Lorenzo E.P. col. (1W) [ UFGD] ; BA[Bahia]: Maracás, Faz. Mª Inácia , Mata Cipó , 24–29.xi.1990, Brandão, Diniz & Oliveira col., peneira + troncos caídos (13W 3I) [ MZSP] ; same data (2W) [ UTLP] ; same except peneira, #1 (6W) [ MZSP] ; isca - mel, dia - solo, 20 (1W) [ MZSP] ; berlese (1W) [ MZSP] ; emergido de formigueiro artificial (1M) [ MZSP] ; Lençóis , 25.iii.2001, Santos J.R.M., 34 (3W) [ CEPLAC] ; Cachoeira , 11.12.[19]93, J.H.C. Delabie [leg.], 4733 (5W) [ CEPLAC] ; Mata São João, Reserva Sapiranga , 12°33′29.3″S, 33°02′35.2″W, 21– 28.vii.2001, Silva R.R., Brandão C.R.F. cols., Winkler 30 (3W) [ MZSP] ; same except Winkler 22 (1W covered with gold) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 28 (3W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 4 (3 W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 6 (1W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 17 (1W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 5 (1Q) [ MZSP] ; Itambé, Área A, 25.07.[20]03, 145976S, 0404153W, Santos J.R.M. [leg.], Mata-W (3W) [ CEPLAC] ; same data (1Q) ( MZSP67324 ) [ MZSP] ; same data (1W 1Q) [ DZUP] ; same except Área B, 151734S, 0402740W, 19.07.[20]03 (1W 1Q) [ CEPLAC] ; Maraú-Tremenbé, 07.06.97, Santos J.R.M dos [leg.], Mata-W-A4 (2W) [ CEPLAC] ; Itororó, 11.08.[20]00, 14°58′28″S, 40°03′01″W, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.], 637 (1W) [ CEPLAC] ; Vargito, 22.03.[19]99, 1524S, 03933W, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.], 1283 (1W 1I) [ CEPLAC] ; Itambé Leoncio , 14.35.67S, 040.20.23W, 06.08.[20]03, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.], Mta (2W) [ CEPLAC] ; Ibirapitanga, A2, 141139S, 0392523W, 22.04.[19]97, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.], Mata—W, 1283 (4W) [ CEPLAC] ; same data (1M) ( MZSP67323 ) [ MZSP] ; Lomanto Júnior , 14.48.57S, 039.S29.S02W, 17.11.[19]97, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.], Mata-A6, 1283 (2W 1Q) [ CEPLAC] ; São João do Paraíso, 153854S, 392630W, 17.09.[19]99, Santos J.R.M. dos [leg.], 637 (2W) [ CEPLAC] ; Gurupá Mirim, Fazenda Esperança , 05.ii.2009, Col. Marques T. & estagiários, Floresta Atlântica, Parcela, Arm. 7, Estrato Sol. (1W) [ CEPLAC] ; Lauro de Freitas, Busca Vida , 12°51′51″S, 38°16′11″W, vi–x.2010, Travassos, M.L.O. col., #5641, I1448 (1W) [ CEPLAC] ; Milagres, área 3, S12°54.411′, W39°50.863′, 29.vii.2010, Ulysséa, M.A., Medina, A.M. e Campos, E.M. leg., Caatinga Arbórea, serapilheira, winkler, W33 (1W) [ MZSP] ; same except 17.i.2011, W137 (6W 1Q) [ MZSP] ; 17.i.2011, W127 (1Q 2W) [ MZSP] ; área 1, S12°54.542′, W39°51.279′, 12–16.vii.2010, T4F,2H1 (1W) [ MZSP] ; área 1, S12°54.542′, W39°51.279′, 13.vii.2010, W6 (1W) [ MZSP] ; área 1, S12°54.542′, W39°51.279′, 10.i.2011, W108 (1W) [ MZSP] ; área 1, S12°54.542′, W39°51.279′, 23.x.2010, W62 ( 1Q) [ MZSP] ; área 1, S12°54.542′, W39°51.279′, W52 (1Q) [ MZSP] ; área 2, S12°54.294′, W39°52.083′, 10.i.2011, W121 (1W covered with gold) [ MZSP] ; CE[Ceará]: Maranguape , + 875m, 03°53′S, 38°43′W, viii.2003, Y. Quinet [leg.], P1 (1W 1I) [ MZSP] ; same except W49 (1W 2I) [ MZSP] ; W50 (2W) [ MZSP] ; Trilha Gavião, 3°54′S 38°43′O, + 890m, 15.vii.2004, N. Hites col., Winkler, Mata úmida de altitude/Brejo, Mg50W (1I) [ MZSP] ; Guaramiranga , Pq. Tr., + 900m, 04°16′S, 38°56′W, 28.ii.2002, Y. Quinet [leg.], W44 (1W) [ MZSP] ; same except W46 (1W) [ MZSP] ; 25.ii.2002, W65 (2W) [ MZSP] ; 2.iii.2002, P27 (1W) [ MZSP] ; Pacoti, 415S, 3855W, Mata do Hotel Remanso , alt 700m, 2001, Nathalie Hites [leg.], Mata secundária, TP-3(D) 250 (1W) [ CEPLAC] ; ES[Espírito Santo]: Santa Teresa, 900m, 23.fev.67, W.L. Brown col., mt. for. (1W) [ MCZC] ; Estação Biológica Santa Lucia , 19°58′09″S, 40°32′15″W, 20–24.i.2002, Schoereder J.H. & Ribas C.R. cols., Winkler 37 (1I) [ MZSP] ; same except Winkler 18 (2W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 30 (1 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 24 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 1 (1 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 33 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 49 (1 W 1I) [ MZSP] ; Sooretama, REBIO Sooretama , 19°04′21″S, 39°56′57″W, 14–15.v.2002, Schoereder, J.H. & Ribas, C.R. cols., Winkler 39 (3I) [ MZSP] ; same except Winkler 3 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 38 (1I) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 37 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 21 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; GO[Goiás]: Ouro Verde , Faz. Boa Vista , 16°17′54.5″S, 49°12′42.6″W, 20–24.i.2005, Silva R.R. col., Winkler 38 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Cavalcante, Serra da Contenda , 13°42′03.6″S, 47°27′51.9″W, 16.x.2004, Silva R.R. & Dietz B.H. cols., Mata Ciliar, Winkler 12 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; [MG] Minas Gerais: Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , Trilha da Lagoa Preta , Elev. 280m, 19°47′49″S, 42°34′38″W, 28.viii.2005, TEAM exped. Col., Floresta Atlântica Estacional Semidecidual, ITLP 3.10 Mini-winkler (1 W) [ MZSP] ; same except TLP 2.1 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; TLP 2.3 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; TLP 2.1 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; TLP 1.2 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 23–24.viii.2005, Trilha da Garapa Torta , TGT 1.1 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 30.xi.05, LP2-4 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 30.xi.05, LP2-3 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Marlieria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce , Trilha da Garapa Torta , 280m, -19.796944, -42.577222, 24.viii.2005, TEAM exped. Col., Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, GT2-7 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; same except Trilha da Lagoa Preta 30.xi.2005, LP3-2 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Lavras, Fragmento , 06–12.2002, Santos M.S. & Dias N.S. [leg.] (2 W 1 Q) [ CEPLAC] ; Serra do Cipó, i/2013, PEMII1, Coletor M.C. Anjos, Winkler (1 W) [ UFMG] ; Serra do Cipó, próx. Cachoeira da Capivara , entrada p/ estátua “Juquinha″, 1354m, -19.253306, - 43.552531, 13.v.2016, J. Chaul & S. Epifânio [leg.], epigaeic, Jcwinkler#019 (1 Q 10 W) [ MZSP] ; same except 1351m, 19.252982, -43.551787, epi+hypogaeic, Jcwinkler#023 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra da Serpentina , 18–28.iii.09, Silva R.R. leg. (1 W) [ DZUP] ; Viçosa, UFV, Mata da Biologia , 706m, 20°45′26.67″S, 42°51′39.07″W, iii.2013, J. Chaul col., winkler, UFV LABECOL n°000137 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; same except 20°45′26″S, 42°51′49″W, 17.viii.2014, winkler of rotten log, UFV LABECOL n°000134 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Bairro Cristais , 20°46′S, 42°50′W, 20.iv.2013, Jesus & Chaul [leg.], winkler, JC0007, UFV LABECOL n°000136 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; MT[Mato Grosso do Sul]: Ivinhema, Someco , 2005, S. Almeida Lare, Stela, UEMS (1 W) [ CEPLAC] ; MS[Mato Grosso do Sul]: Bonito, PARNA Serra da Bodoquena, Faz. Harmonia , 21°17′09.8″S, 56°41′45.5″W, 08–17.x.2006, Silvestre R. et al. col., 4ª exp., Winkler A-05, Hym-00461-F (1I) [UFGD] ; [Ponta Porã], Mata Ciliar do Rio Dourados, Fazenda Paineirinha , 22°07’20.1”S, 55°38’25.5”W, 20/04/[20]07, Silvestre et al. col., A-11 (1I) [ MZSP] ; same except A-02 (1 W) [UFGD] ; A-18 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; A-05 (1 W) [UFGD] ; PB[Paraíba]: Conde, APA Tambaba , 07°22′05.69″S, 34°48′39.05″W, 24.viii.2014, Brisa Lunar P. Tavares col. (1 W 1 Q) [UFGD] ; PE[Pernambuco]: Recife, Horto Dois Irmãos , 08°00′32″S, 34°56′40″W, 15–24.vii.2002, Silva R.R. & Eberhardt F. cols., Winkler 5 (3 W) [ MZSP] ; same except Winkler 13 (1 W) ; Winkler 14 (1I) ; Winkler 9 (1 W) ; Winkler 1 (2 W) ; Winkler 17 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; PR[Paraná]: Rondon, iv.1965, F. Plaumann [leg.], 4772 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Laranjeiras , iv.1965, F. Plaumann [leg.], 4551 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Foz do Iguaçu, Pq. Nac. Iguaçu, 6–8.i.1997, Pinto-da-Rocha e Casari [leg.] (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Pinhão, UHE Segredo , Ribeirão Estreito , 24.i.1992, R.P. da Rocha [leg]., berlese (2 W) [ MZSP] ; same data (2 W) [ JTLC] ; Rib. Estreito, 20.iii.1992, Rocha & Barreto, Berlese (2 W) [ MZSP] ; Porto Vitória , 700m, 26°10′ – 51°12′, x.1959, F. Plaumann [leg.], 3199 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; same data (1 W 1 Q) [ MCZC] ; Morretes, Parque Estadual do pau-Ôco , 25°34′33.5″S, 48°53′19.5″W, 6–11.v.2002, Silva R.R. & Dietz B.H. cols., Winkler 51 (1 W 1I) [ MZSP] ; same except Winkler 22 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Winkler 29 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; Estrada Velha Guaricana, ca Cachoeira das Mulas , -25.7303° 49.0911°, 10.iv.2017, R. López & J. Lattke [leg.], 3812 (1 W) [ DZUP] ; same except 3833 (1 W) [ DZUP] ; 3811 (1 W) [ DZUP] ; 3818 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Tuneiras do Oeste, Reserva Biológica de Perobas , 23°50′5.64″S, 52°45′37.52″W, 18.ix.2015, Busanello, D. & Caron, E. cols. (4 W) [ DZUP] ; REBIO das Perobas , 540m, 23°50′S, 52°45′W, 18.ix.2015, E. Caron col., winkler (2 W) [ DZUP] ; Palotina, Parque Estadual São Camilo , 24°19.276′S, 53°55.247′W, 23.ix.2015, Busanello, D. & Caron, E. cols. (3 W) [ DZUP] ; Irati, Guamirim, Fz. Arroio Grande , Talhão 15-AII, 25°35′36.11″S, 50°49′12.06″W, 09.x.2014, Marques, C.G.P., Falbot, L. Col., Serapilheira, Funil de Berlese (1 W) [ DZUP] ; RJ[Rio de Janeiro]: Nova Iguaçu, ReBio Tinguá , BRE, 2.ii.2002, Ext. Winkler, A07 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; same except A03 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; A01 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; A08 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 4.ii.2002, A42 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Teresópolis, P.N. Serra dos Órgãos , 23–28.xi.1999, Dietz, Silva & Rocha cols.,Winkler(1 W)[ MZSP] ; Itatiaya [ Itatiaia ], Borgmeier [leg.],gesiebt[shifted], 10.i.56 (3 W) [ MZSP] ; P.N. Itatiaia , 846m, 22°27′08.56″S, 44°36.′55.74′W, 20.i.2015, Lasmar et al. col. (5 W) [ DZUP] ; same except 1136m, 22°25′51.62″S, 44°36.′57.36′W (2 W) [ DZUP] ; Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca, D. Federal, 25.i.1960, C.A.C Seabra [leg.], Coleção Campos Seabra (1 W) [ MZSP] ; RS[Rio Grande do Sul]: 5km north of Progresso, Linha Araçá, near Rio Fão , 300–400m, 52°20′W, 29°10′S, 04.v.1999, Leg. J. Bihn, Secondary Forest, soil sifting, Winkler 1 qm (2 W, one covered with gold) ( MZSP67434 ) [ MZSP] ; same except 29.iv.1999 (1 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Frederico Westphalen, UF Santa Maria , 04.xi.2008, Granzotto F. [leg.], #5546 (3 W 2 Q) [ CEPLAC] ; N. Petrópolis, Lat 29°20, Long 51°12, xi.1959, F. Plaumann [leg.], 3222 (2 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; SC[Santa Catarina]: Chapecó, v.1957, Plaumann col., Col. Kempf n°2655 (5 W 3I) [ MZSP] ; same except viii.1960 (3 W) [ MZSP] ; xii.1957, Coll. Borgm. Nr. 6501 (3 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Concórdia , ix.1959, F. Plaumann [leg.], 8297 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; same except vii.1958, 2732 (6 W) [ MZSP] ; Nueva [Nova] Teutonia, Fritz Plaumann [leg.] (3 W 1 Q) [ IFML] ; same except vi.1960, 8173 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; vi.1961, 6868 (5 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; vi.1961, 6869 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; 300–500m, 27°11′B, 52°23′L, iv.1976, 13627 (7 W 1 Q) [ MZSP] ; iv.1976, 13628 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 1961 (1 W) [ MHNG] ; vi.1959 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; ix.1959, 3491 (6 W) [ MZSP] ; vi.1957 (3 W 2 Q) [ MZSP] ; viii.1957 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; vii.1957 (1 Q) [ MCZC] ; x.1954 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; xi.1954 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Seara, 24°07′S, 52°18′W, vi–vii.1999, Rogério R. Silva, col., solo, Winkler (1 W) [ MZSP] ; same except viii.1958 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; viii.1958, 2740 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; vii.1958, 2709 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; v–xii.1998, Transecto I, Winkler (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Linha Facão [near S. Carlos] , v.1957, F. Plaumann (2 W 1 Q) [ USNM] ; same data (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Xaxim , cat., Plaumann [leg.] (1 W) [ MZSP] ; Xanxerê , xii.1957, Plaumann [leg.] (1 W) [ MZSP] ; SE[Sergipe]: Areia Branca, E.E. da Serra de Itabaiana , 10°45′54″S, 37°19′57.4″W, 19–25.v.2003, Silva R.R., Dietz B.H. & Ferreira L.S. cols., Winkler 25 (2 W) [ MZSP] ; S. [São] Cristóvão, 10°54.3′S, 37°11.7′W, 31.i.2014, Almeida, R.P.S. Leg., IFS, Área APP, Parcela 9, 36 (2 W) [ DZUP] ; SP[São Paulo]: Cajuru, Faz. Santa Carlota , 21°17′S, 47°18′W, 24/04/1993, R. Silvestre [leg.], isca mel, dia solo, VI-13 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; same except 11/6/1993, isca sardinha, dia solo (4 W 1I) [ MZSP] ; Botucatu, 11-03-1988, Forti L.C. & Rinaldi I.M.P. col., Armadilha de solo, Forti #08 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; same except 13-10-1987, Forti #18 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 13-10-1987, Forti #19 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 07-07-1987, Forti #33 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 07-10-1986, Forti #45 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 03-11-1986, Forti #49 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 08-02-1988, Forti #09 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 10-09-1987, Forti #20 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; 04-04-1988, Forti #29 (1 Q) [ MZSP] ; Jundiaí, Serra do Japi , 23°13’S, 46°58’W, iii.2011, T. Postali col., pitfall, #1579 (1 W) [ MZSP] ; TO[Tocantins]: Palmeirante, 07°52′25.3″S, 47°57′07.4″W, 10-15.xii.2001, Albuquerque & Silva cols., Mata Ciliar/Cerradão, Transecto I, Winkler 06 (1W) [MZSP]. PARAGUAY: Balzan [leg.] (1Q) [MSNG]. Alto Parana: [San Alberto], Puerto Sta. Teresa , 3.xi.79, C. Dlouhy [leg.], 47 (1I) [MHNG] ; Arroyo Itaba Guazu, 4.xi.79, J-L. Perret [leg.] (1 W) [ MHNG] ; Canendeyú: Ype Jhu , 28.x.82, V. Mahnert [leg.], 39 (2 W) [ MHNG] ; R. Carapa-R. Alto Parana, 2.xi.79, C. Vaucher [leg.], 46 (1I) [ MHNG] ; same except F. Baud et al. of MHN-Geneva, 46 (1 W 1I) [ MHNG] ; Concepción: [Azote’y], Arroyo Azotey, 10.x.79, J-L. Perret (1 W) [ MHNG] ; [Itapúa]: San Benito , 29.x.82, V. Mahnert [leg.], 82/17 (3 W) [ MHNG] ; nr. Caicisa[Compañía Aceitera de Itapúa Comercial y Industrial S.A.], Arroyo Tembey , 6.xi.82, F. Baud et al. of MHN-Geneva, forest, leaf litt. & wood, wickler apparat (1 Q 4 W 2I) [ MHNG].

Figures

FIGURE 21. Worker of Hylomyrma balzani (MZSP67322).A) frontal view; B) dorsal view; C) lateral view. Photos by Ricardo Kawada.

FIGURE 22. Queen of Hylomyrma balzani (MZSP67322). A) frontal view; B) dorsal view; C) lateral view. Photos by M.A. Ulysséa.

FIGURE 23. Male of Hylomyrma balzani (MZSP67323). A) frontal view; B) dorsal view; C) lateral view. Photos by Ricardo Kawada.

FIGURE 80. Types of setae found in the species of Hylomyrma. Unbranched setae: A) Hylomyrma adelae, H. blandiens, H. macielae; B) H. immanis; C) H. marielleae. Branched setae: D) H. dentiloba, H. lispectorae, H. mitiae, H. peetersi, H. virginiae; E) H. balzani, H. lopesi; F) H. blandiens, H. jeronimae, H. versuta; G) H. dolichops; H) H. transversa; I) H. longiscapa; J) H. balzani, H. lopesi, H. primavesi, H. reitteri, H. versuta; K) H. plumosa.

FIGURE 81. Queen’s wings. A) Hylomyrma balzani (MZSP67324); B) H. reitteri (MZSP67431); C) H. versuta (MEXICO: VeraCr.: Pueblo Nuevo, nr. Tetzonapa, Aug.14 -53, E.O. Wilson, #221, rain forest [MCZC]); D) H. longiscapa (MZSP67352); E) H. lispectorae (MZSP67348); F) H. adelae paratype (MZSP67316); G) H. dentiloba (MZSP67319); H) H. mitiae paratype (MZSP67402). Venation: costa (C), radial (R), radial sector (Rs), media (M), cubitus (Cu), anal (A), radial-subcosta (R+Sc), media-cubitus (M+Cu), cubitus-anal crossvein (cu-a), first media-cubitus crossvein (1m-cu), radial sector-media 1 (Rs+M1), radial sector-media 2 (Rs+M2), second radial-radial sector crossvein (2r-rs), radial-subcosta (R+Sc), media-first radial sectormedia (M+1rs-m), submarginal 1+2 (2rs-m). Cells: basal (B), sub-basal (BS), discal (D), sub-marginal 1 (SM1), marginal (M), sub-marginal 2 (SM2).

FIGURE 82. Male’s wings. A) Hylomyrma balzani (MZSP67323); B) H. reitteri [MZSP 67431], C) H. versuta (MEXICO: VeraCr.: Pueblo Nuevo, nr. Tetzonapa, Aug. 14-53, E.O. Wilson, #221, rain forest [MCZC]); D) H. longiscapa (MZSP67353); E) H. immanis (MZSP67334]); F) H. blandiens (USNMENT00537690). Venation: costa (C), radial (R), radial sector (Rs), media (M), cubitus (Cu), anal (A), radial-subcosta (R+Sc), media-cubitus (M+Cu), cubitus-anal crossvein (cu-a), first mediacubitus crossvein (1m-cu), radial sector-media 1 (Rs+M1), second radial-radial sector crossvein (2r-rs), radial-subcosta (R+Sc), media-first radial sector-media (M+1rs-m), submarginal 1+2 (2rs-m). Cells: basal (B), sub-basal (BS), discal (D), sub-marginal 1 (SM1), marginal (M), sub-marginal 2 (SM2).

FIGURE 84. Distribution records of Hylomyrma balzani, H. blandiens, H. jeronimae, and H. lispectorae.

FIGURE 85. Distribution records of Hylomyrma columbica, H. marielleae, H. plumosa, and H. reitteri.

FIGURE 88. Distribution records of Hylomyrma immanis, H. mariae, H. primavesi, and H. versuta.

FIGURE 89. Distribution records of Hylomyrma lopesi, H. margaridae, H. peetersi, H. transversa, and H. virginiae.