Solariella carvalhoi Lopes & Cardoso, 1958

Cavallari, Daniel C., Salvador, Rodrigo B., Dornellas, Ana P. S. & Simone, Luiz R. L., 2019, Calliostomatidae, Colloniidae, Margaritidae, and Solariellidae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) collected by the Marion Dufresne (MD 55) expedition in southeastern Brazil, with description of a new species of Calliostoma, Zootaxa 4609 (3), pp. 401-428 : 421-423

Solariella carvalhoi Lopes & Cardoso, 1958

( Fig. 9 A–C)

Solariella carvalhoi Lopes & Cardoso, 1958: 59 , figs 1–3; Rios, 1970: 23; Abbott, 1974: 41; Rios, 1975: 21, pl. 4, fig. 45; Rios, 1985: 23, pl.10, fig. 95; Calvo, 1987: 59, fig. 24; Rios, 1994: 35, pl. 10, fig. 105; Miyaji, 2004: 78; Barros, Santos & Francisco, 2008: 11, figs 8–14; Rios, 2009: 55, text fig.; Barros, 2010: 58, figs 8–14; Daccaret & Bossio, 2011: 54, fig. 92; Dornellas & Simone, 2011: 10, figs 41–43; Cavallari et al., 2016: 1 , figs 1–23.

Solariella sp. 2: Leal, 1991: 47, pl. 3, figs E–G.

Solariella quadricincta Quinn, 1992: 50 , figs 1–4; Barros, Santos & Francisco, 2008: 9, figs 1–7; Barros, 2010: 56, figs 1–7; Miloslavich et al., 2010: table S6.

Solariella staminea Quinn, 1992: 53 , figs 11–12; Benkendorfer & Soares-Gomes, 2009: 147.

Type material. Holotype: MZSP 18446 . Paratype: Paulo de Sá Cardoso Collection , same data as Holotype (probably lost; J. Heise, pers. comm.) .

Type locality. Brazil, off São Paulo state, 31°35’08”S, 50°50’00”W, 54 m (Moreira leg., 11/xi/1956) .

Distribution. From Venezuela to southern Brazil, live specimens from 0–350 m ( Cavallari et al. 2016).

Habitat. Coralline and muddy bottoms.

Material examined. Brazil: Espírito Santo: Davis Seamount , 20°40’S, 34°40’W, 60 m, MNHN-IM-2012- 37682, 3 paratypes of S. staminea , MORG 26530 , holotype of S. staminea MD55 sta. DC40 (17/v/1987). Rio de Janeiro: off Cabo Frio , 22°58’S, 42°06’W, MD55 sta. CB101 , 50 m, MNHN, 4 sh (01/vi/1987). Additional non- MD55 material : Brazil: São Paulo: holotype .

Measurements. 5–6 whorls, H=5.0–7.0 mm, D=5.5–8.0 mm (n=4).

Remarks. The present material compares well with S. carvalhoi . This species can be readily told apart from the local congener Solariella quinni Barros & Pereira in Barros et al., 2008 ( Fig. 9 D–G - see below) mainly by its larger and proportionally wider shell, its much wider umbilicus ( Fig. 9 C ), which was correctly emphasized by Lopes & Cardoso (1958), its more delicate axial and much stronger spiral sculpture ( Fig. 9 A–B). The two remaining local congeners, S. quadricincta Quinn, 1992 and S. staminea Quinn, 1992 , were considered junior synonyms of S. carvalhoi by Cavallari et al. (2016). Their study was based on a large sample, which revealed that both morphotypes ( S. quadricincta and S. staminea ) fall within a continuum of conchological variation.

Solariella quinni Barros & Pereira in Barros et al., 2008

( Fig. 9 D–G)

Solariella quinni Barros & Pereira in Barros et al., 2008: 13 , figs 15–21; Barros, 2010: 60, figs 15–21; Cavallari et al., 2016: 44 .

Type material. Holotype: MZSP 77083 . Paratypes: MZSP 77082 , 08°11’S, 34°34’W, 66–71 m (18/xii/2004) ; MZSP 77084 , 08°11’S, 34°36’W, 69–71 m (19/xii/2004) ; MZSP 77085 , 08°11’S, 34°36’W, 69–71 m (19/xii/2004) . Type locality. Brazil, off Pernambuco, 08°09’S, 34°34’W, gravel bottom, 51–71 m (19/xii/2004) .

Previously known distribution. Northeast Brazil, off Pernambuco state, live specimens from 51–71 m ( Barros et al. 2008).

New occurrence. Espírito Santo state, off Southeast Brazil, Abrolhos Slope, 290–620 m (shells only) .

Habitat. Gravel and muddy bottoms ( Barros et al. 2008; present study).

Material examined. Brazil: Espírito Santo: off São Mateus, Abrolhos Slope , 18°59’S, 37°48’W, MD55 sta. DC73, 607– 620 m, MNHN, 1 sh (27/v/1987); 18°59’S, 37°49’W, MD55 sta. CB80 , 290– 315 m, MNHN, 1 sh (28/ v/1987). Additional non-MD55 material : Brazil: Pernambuco: types .

Measurements. 5 whorls, H= 4.2 mm, D= 4.2 mm (largest specimen).

Remarks. The present specimens compare well with the type material. The species can be readily diagnosed by the sculpture pattern on the whorl shoulder ( Fig. 9 E ) and base, as well as by the narrow, internally smooth umbilicus ( Fig. 9 F ). This species is similar to S. lacunella ( Dall, 1881) from the Caribbean, but can be distinguished from it by: (1) being much smaller (H=~ 4.2 mm, as opposed to 8.5 mm in S. lacunella ); (2) presenting an overall stronger axial sculpture with conspicuous axial ribs on the whorl shoulder, and weaker spiral sculpture with narrower cords, especially on the base; (3) having a more convex base; and (4) presenting a much narrower umbilicus. The records presented here greatly expand the species range ~ 1,200 km southward to Espírito Santo state. The maximum depth for the species is also updated herein from 71 to 620 m.

Solariella quinni was originally described by Barros et al. (2008). The subsequent paper by the senior author ( Barros 2010) is an almost entirely verbatim repetition of the previous version and is herein considered a re-publication, even though it does not contain a reference to the former.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Solariellidae collected by the MD55 expedition. A–C. Solariella carvalhoi MNHN, sta. CB101 (H=6.9 mm, D=7.8 mm). A. apertural view. B. apical view. C. umbilical view. D–G. Solariella quinni MNHN, sta. DC73 (H=4.2 mm, D=4.2 mm). D. apertual view. E. apical view. F. umbilical view. G. SEM, protoconch detail. H–L. Suavotrochus lubricus. H–J. MNHN, sta. DC75, apertural view (H=4.8 mm, D=3.5 mm). I. apical view. J. umbilical view. K. MNHN, sta. DC75, detail of protoconch under SEM. L. MNHN, sta. CB93, juvenile specimen with ribbed sculpture (H=2.2 mm, D=2.1 mm).